This document discusses occupational health and the role of advanced practice nurses in occupational health. It covers several key points:
1) Occupational health deals with health and safety in the workplace, focusing on prevention of hazards that can lead to diseases and injuries. Workers' health is determined by both personal and workplace risk factors.
2) Advanced practice nurses in occupational health work to promote worker health and safety, identify health hazards, ensure compliance with regulations, assess worker health, and serve as a healthcare resource for workers and employers.
3) Common occupational injuries discussed include carpal tunnel syndrome, foreign bodies in the eye, corneal abrasions, and epicondylitis. For each, the document outlines risk factors, symptoms
Services entrusted with essentially preventive functions and responsible for advising employers, workers, and their representatives in the undertaking of the requirements for establishing and maintaining a safe and healthy working environment, which will facilitate optimal physical and mental health in relation to work and the adaptation of work to the capabilities of workers in light of their state of physical and mental health.
The ILO estimates that only 5-10% of workers in developing countries and 20-50% of those in industrialized countries have access to adequate OHSs.
Further, the levels of OHS coverage have not changed significantly over the last 10 years.
Workplace Mental Health (WMH) is a sub-discipline concerned with psychological illness, injury and disability and the role of work as a causal or contributing factor. But, unfortunately, WHO announced that WMH is a ‘Cinderella’ subject. So, it is one of the most urgent demands facing the occupational health services (OHS).
Occupational safety and health (OSH) also
commonly referred to as occupational health and
safety (OHS) or workplace health and safety
(WHS) is an area concerned with the safety, health
and welfare of people engaged in work or
employment.
Occupational hazards, occupational health
Occupational safety and health should not be sidelined as a service delivery issue. Health worker health and well-being is an important aspect of workers’ motivation and job satisfaction, which influence productivity as well as retention. Health worker safety also affects the quality of care; caring for the caregiver should be a priority area of concern for the health system’s performance.
Services entrusted with essentially preventive functions and responsible for advising employers, workers, and their representatives in the undertaking of the requirements for establishing and maintaining a safe and healthy working environment, which will facilitate optimal physical and mental health in relation to work and the adaptation of work to the capabilities of workers in light of their state of physical and mental health.
The ILO estimates that only 5-10% of workers in developing countries and 20-50% of those in industrialized countries have access to adequate OHSs.
Further, the levels of OHS coverage have not changed significantly over the last 10 years.
Workplace Mental Health (WMH) is a sub-discipline concerned with psychological illness, injury and disability and the role of work as a causal or contributing factor. But, unfortunately, WHO announced that WMH is a ‘Cinderella’ subject. So, it is one of the most urgent demands facing the occupational health services (OHS).
Occupational safety and health (OSH) also
commonly referred to as occupational health and
safety (OHS) or workplace health and safety
(WHS) is an area concerned with the safety, health
and welfare of people engaged in work or
employment.
Occupational hazards, occupational health
Occupational safety and health should not be sidelined as a service delivery issue. Health worker health and well-being is an important aspect of workers’ motivation and job satisfaction, which influence productivity as well as retention. Health worker safety also affects the quality of care; caring for the caregiver should be a priority area of concern for the health system’s performance.
Dentists and dental health care workers may face potential occupational hazards due to exposure risks inherent in the profession . Dental practitioners are at the risk of exposure to blood-borne pathogens like HIV , HBV, HCV. STRESS can never be totally eliminated from dental practise , however it can be managed .
Employees health and safety, Apprentices Health and Safety by Pathway GroupThe Pathway Group
Employees health and safety, Apprentices Health and Safety by Pathway Group, Employees health and safety, Apprentices Health and Safety by Pathway Group,
Occupational Health Surveillance
PetroMed will do regular Health Surveillance to employees in remote location according to their department, location, risk assessment and exposure to Hazards.
Employees from Operation, Maintenance and those who have frequent Exposure to Noise, Vibration, Gas and dust health surveillance will be made annually.
For the Camps employees health surveillance will be every two years.
Health surveillance is a system of ongoing health checks and often involves carrying out some form of medical examination or test on employees who are exposed to substances such as solvents, fumes, biological agents and other hazardous substances.
Health surveillance is important to enable early detection of ill-health effects or diseases and also helps employers to evaluate their control measures and to educate employees. The risk assessment will indicate where health surveillance may be needed.
The Aim of Health Surveillance to find out the work related ill health, by comparing their finding with the previous year Health Data. Work Related ill health is any condition made or worse by the work people do. Prevalent work-related ill-health issues include: occupational hearing loss; hand-arm and whole body vibration syndrome; occupational skin and lung diseases; occupational cancer; and blood borne viruses. Work-related ill-health issues may be caused by physical health hazards (particularly noise and vibration) or by hazardous chemical and biological agents.
The effect an occupation may have on a worker’s health will be dependent on many factors, such as the:
Type of hazard, route of entry and its effect on the body.
Frequency and duration of exposure to the hazard.
Sensitivity and susceptibility of the person (e.g. previous exposure, existing ill-health conditions, level of fitness, etc.).
Health surveillance will allow: Identification of workers with Pre-existing damage. – New damage (which may be work-related).
Removal/exclusion of such workers from Hazards sources (protecting them from further injury).Investigation of Hazards controls to identify and rectify problems (protecting others in the same work).
Key roles and benefits of occupational health surveillance:
Identifying adverse health conditions which may be caused by exposure to substances and agents hazardous to health.
Identifying employees who have pre-existing damage or new damage (which may be work-related) and removing/excluding such workers from the hazard (to protect them from further damage to their health).
Implementing any statutory health surveillance that is required and demonstrating compliance with statutory requirements.
Checking the long-term effectiveness of control measures to identify and rectify problems (to protect others in the same work area).
Demonstrating fitness to work where specific health criteria are required.
Collecting data for detecting and evaluating health hazards
Patient safety is the absence of preventable harm to a patient during the process of health care and reduction of risk of unnecessary harm associated with health.
Dentists and dental health care workers may face potential occupational hazards due to exposure risks inherent in the profession . Dental practitioners are at the risk of exposure to blood-borne pathogens like HIV , HBV, HCV. STRESS can never be totally eliminated from dental practise , however it can be managed .
Employees health and safety, Apprentices Health and Safety by Pathway GroupThe Pathway Group
Employees health and safety, Apprentices Health and Safety by Pathway Group, Employees health and safety, Apprentices Health and Safety by Pathway Group,
Occupational Health Surveillance
PetroMed will do regular Health Surveillance to employees in remote location according to their department, location, risk assessment and exposure to Hazards.
Employees from Operation, Maintenance and those who have frequent Exposure to Noise, Vibration, Gas and dust health surveillance will be made annually.
For the Camps employees health surveillance will be every two years.
Health surveillance is a system of ongoing health checks and often involves carrying out some form of medical examination or test on employees who are exposed to substances such as solvents, fumes, biological agents and other hazardous substances.
Health surveillance is important to enable early detection of ill-health effects or diseases and also helps employers to evaluate their control measures and to educate employees. The risk assessment will indicate where health surveillance may be needed.
The Aim of Health Surveillance to find out the work related ill health, by comparing their finding with the previous year Health Data. Work Related ill health is any condition made or worse by the work people do. Prevalent work-related ill-health issues include: occupational hearing loss; hand-arm and whole body vibration syndrome; occupational skin and lung diseases; occupational cancer; and blood borne viruses. Work-related ill-health issues may be caused by physical health hazards (particularly noise and vibration) or by hazardous chemical and biological agents.
The effect an occupation may have on a worker’s health will be dependent on many factors, such as the:
Type of hazard, route of entry and its effect on the body.
Frequency and duration of exposure to the hazard.
Sensitivity and susceptibility of the person (e.g. previous exposure, existing ill-health conditions, level of fitness, etc.).
Health surveillance will allow: Identification of workers with Pre-existing damage. – New damage (which may be work-related).
Removal/exclusion of such workers from Hazards sources (protecting them from further injury).Investigation of Hazards controls to identify and rectify problems (protecting others in the same work).
Key roles and benefits of occupational health surveillance:
Identifying adverse health conditions which may be caused by exposure to substances and agents hazardous to health.
Identifying employees who have pre-existing damage or new damage (which may be work-related) and removing/excluding such workers from the hazard (to protect them from further damage to their health).
Implementing any statutory health surveillance that is required and demonstrating compliance with statutory requirements.
Checking the long-term effectiveness of control measures to identify and rectify problems (to protect others in the same work area).
Demonstrating fitness to work where specific health criteria are required.
Collecting data for detecting and evaluating health hazards
Patient safety is the absence of preventable harm to a patient during the process of health care and reduction of risk of unnecessary harm associated with health.
patient safety and staff Management system ppt.pptxanjalatchi
Patient Safety is a health care discipline that emerged with the evolving complexity in health care systems and the resulting rise of patient harm in health care facilities. It aims to prevent and reduce risks, errors and harm that occur to patients during provision of health care.
patient safety and staff Management system ppt.pptxanjalatchi
What is Patient Safety? Patient Safety is a health care discipline that emerged with the evolving complexity in health care systems and the resulting rise of patient harm in health care facilities. It aims to prevent and reduce risks, errors and harm that occur to patients during provision of health care.
Health and safety of employees are essential aspects of organization's smooth and effective functioning.
Good health and safety performance ensure an accident free work environment.
OIA Texas 2014 Keynote Emma Fairs OCNZ @OsteoRegulationOCNZ
The Osteopathic Council of New Zealand is the statutory regulatory authority for the NZ profession and is responsible for determining scopes of practice and developing competencies frameworks.
Dear Colleagues,
I would like to this topic with you.
I have presented in one of the Khartoum conferences few years ago.
I felt it might be of value to some of you mainly those taking their second part exams or those providing safe women health services business.
Dear Colleagues,
I would like to share this Topic (RISK MANAGEMENT) with you..
I have presented in one of the Khartoum congresses few years ago.
It may be of value for some of you mainly those taking their second part exam or those providing save women health services
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group of receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a teamof receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a team wwww.lisywomensclinic.co.za/
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
2. Occupational Health
Occupational health deals with all areas of health
and safety in the workplace, with a special focus
on prevention of hazards. Workers’ health has
several determinants, including personal risk as
well as risk factors of the workplace leading to
cancers, accidents, musculoskeletal diseases,
respiratory diseases, hearing loss, circulatory
disorders, stress related disorders and
communicable diseases and others.
World Health Organization (2007). Workers’ health: global plan of action
3. Occupational Health
Founded on a variety of scientific principles
including public health, medicine, nursing,
epidemiology, toxicology, industrial hygiene,
safety and social and behavior science
Healthy People 2020 calls for increased access to
healthcare services (think on site clinic) and an
increase in comprehensive worksite health
promotion programs, including educational
programs on substance abuse and stress.
4. American Association of Occupational
Health Nurses
Promote a safe and healthy workforce and
workplace
Identify health problems and hazards in the
workplace; develop health and safety programs
focused on reducing risk and hazard
Assure that health and safety programs are in
compliance with federal, state and local
regulations
5. American Association of Occupational
Health Nurses
Assess and monitor the health states and
interventional outcomes for employees
Serve as a resource for employees and the
employer for selection of appropriate and cost-
effective health care resources
Monitor heath care outcomes to establish
effectiveness
6. Occupational Health
Advanced Practice Nurses may also develop
strategies to maximize employee health (exercise
session prior to starting work) that will maximize
employee productivity and reduce costs for the
company. The APA may also educate management
on the impact of worker’s health issues on the
profitability of the company.
Plays an important role in development of polices
and procedures which may impact workers health.
7. Occupational Health
Advanced Practice Nurses in occupational health
enhance the health of workers through
preventative medicine, clinical care including
acute injuries, disability management, research
and education.
The role of the Advanced Practice Nurse in
Occupational health may also include health
promotion/disease prevention.
8. Occupational Health
A variety of services may be offered such as drug
testing, pre-employment physical exams,
Department of Transportation certification exams,
injury management, disability assessments,
worksite wellness programs, safety training, and
annual physical exams (including yearly PFT’s and
blood testing for environmental exposures).
Advanced Practice Nurses may also work as
program managers or disability managers within
the organization.
9. What is a work related injury or illness?
United States Department of Labor- Occupational Safety and Health
Administration
1904.5(a)
Basic requirement. You must consider an injury or illness to be work-
related if an event or exposure in the work environment either caused
or contributed to the resulting condition or significantly aggravated a
pre-existing injury or illness. Work relatedness is presumed for
injuries and illnesses resulting from events or exposures occurring in
the work environment, unless an exception in 1904.5(b) specifically
applies.
Exceptions: voluntary participation in a health program, eating,
preparing food, common cold or flu, being a member of the general
public vs. employee
10. When do workers compensation benefits
begin?
In Michigan, all work related medical care is covered.
Salary benefits do not start until the worker has missed 7
days of work. If a worker is out of work for between 8-14
days, payment starts on day 8 and continues to day 14. If
a worker is out of work for more than 14 days, payment is
retroactive to day 1. Payment is generally 80% of after tax
wages prior to the injury (there is a formula).
11. Common Work Related Injuries
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Foreign Body to Eye
Corneal Abrasion
Epicondylitis
12. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Compression of Medial Nerve as
it travels through the carpal
tunnel
Pain and paresthesia in the
median nerve distribution-
palmar aspect of the thumb,
index and middle fingers and
radial half of ring finger.
13. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Most common entrapment
neuropathy of the upper extremity,
affecting 3% of the general adult
population.
Three times more common in
woman than men, increases with
age
Risk factors: family history,
diabetes, obesity, hypothyroidism,
pregnancy and rheumatoid arthritis
Patients often wake up and shake
the hand and wrist to relieve pain
(Flick sign, 93% sensitive, 96%
specific for CTS)
Pain may be localized to the wrist,
hand forearm or shoulder
Paresthesia predominates early in
the course of the disease,
weakness of thumb abduction and
opposition can occur later on with
motor involvement.
14. Work related Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
High degree of repetition and force
Gripping with hand, such as
stapling or use of hand machinery
Repetitive hand motions
Awkward hand positions
Mechanical stress on the palm
Use of vibration
Link between CTS and keyboarding
is uncertain
Common Occupations:
Hairdressers
Cashiers
Knitters
Bakers
People who milk cows
Butcher
Mechanic
Painter
15. Assess work history
Current job, time at job, tasks,
products made, potential exposure
to toxins
Do symptoms change between
work and home? Have you had
similar symptoms in the past? Do
you have symptoms like this on
vacation?
Any recent changes to tasks or
work at home?
Previous work or work injuries
Part time work?
Time spent at each task at work?
How stressful is your job?
Do you enjoy your job?
Hobbies at home?
Home activities and projects?
Other medical health problems or
medications? (Generally not shared
with the employer)
16. Occupational Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Physical exam: note skin and
muscle development of the hand
and wrist
Range of motion and strength of
individual finger joints and wrist
Tinel’s Sign- taps the median
nerve, and tingling into the fingers
of the median distribution is a
positive sign
Phalen’s Sign- patient puts the
back of the hand together for one
minute to assess tingling
17. Occupational Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Wear splint to reduce pressure on
carpal tunnel
Take NSAID’s to reduce swelling
Avoid prolonged bending at wrist
Avoid bending neck forward or
slouching
Use of warmth and cold to reduce
pain
Exercises to increase strength of
fingers
Modification of work activities-
variety of activities vs. one
18. Occupational Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Electromyography- electrodes are
placed on the forearm and
electrical current is passes though
the patient. Measurements are
taken how fast and how well the
median nerve transmits messages
to the muscles.
If positive, then refer to Specialist
for evaluation and surgery
19. Eye Injuries in Occupational Health
Highest risk for injuries in laborers,
fabricators, equipment operators,
repair workers, and production and
precision workers
One half of all injuries occur in
manufacturing, service and
construction industries
Eighty-one percent of injuries
occur in men, with most workers
25-44 years of age.
Ninety percent of eye injuries
could be prevented with the
proper use of eye equipment
However, a worker may have on
safety googles and still have a work
related injury such as a piece of
metal going into the eye
Workers must be extremely careful
with use of lasers.
20. Eye injuries in Occupational Health
Take an in-depth history
Record near and far vision (with
and without corrective lenses)
Inspect: Eyelids, conjunctiva,
pupils, red reflex exam, cornea
(noting any opaque areas), note
any metallic bodies. Evert eyelids
Fundoscopic exam
Slit lamp: search cornea and
conjunctiva. Make note of anterior
chamber.
Equipment needed for eye exams:
Eye chart
Fluorescein Dye
Tetracaine
PH paper
Slit lamp
Short acting mydriatic agent such
as Mydriacyl)
Corneal Drill with burrs
18 gauge needle
21. Eye Injuries in Occupational Health
Corneal abrasions:
Eye may be very sensitive, patient
may have tearing and difficulty
opening the eye
Instilling tetracaine can be
therapeutic and diagnostic- pain is
relieved, problem is from the
cornea
Note where the abrasion is -this is
a large abrasion over the visual
axis- use the face of a clock as a
reference.
22. Eye Injuries in Occupational Health
Corneal Abrasion at the 6o’clock to 9
O’clock position
Corneal ulceration (may be visible with
naked eye)
24. Corneal Abrasion: Occupational Health
Patching for comfort is ineffective
for corneal abrasions
Some providers will non-infected
corneal abrasions with topical
antibiotics, although evidence is
limited
Erythromycin and Bacitracin are
preferred.
Addition of Acular may be
beneficial for symptom relief,
however may delay healing
Liquid tears may provide some
relief
Foreign body sensation until cornea
is healed
Mydriatic medications are no
longer recommended for routine
corneal abrasions
Offer oral pain medication
Recheck in 1-2 days
Refer if not resolved in 3 days
25. Foreign Body in Eye: Occupational injury
Complete eye exam including
visual acuity (check for blood in
anterior chamber)
Instill topical anesthesia
Use 18 gauge needle to remove
metallic foreign body
Rust ring: remove using an 18
gauge needle or Ophthalmic Burr
26. Chemical Burns: Occupational Health
Alkalis (pH greater than 10) are
more dangerous than acids (pH less
than 4)
Litmus paper is used to establish
alkalinity or acidity
Immediately start irrigation-
Morgan lens (physiologic saline)
irrigate for 1 hour
May stop when pH paper is near
neutral (6-8 pH)
27.
28. Protection of Eyes: Occupational
The Occupational Safety and
Health Administration mandates
employers provide workers with
adequate eye protection such as
googles with side shields
Welding causes 1,200 injuries per
year secondary to corneal burns.
Welder’s helmet and safety googles
are essential
Outdoor workers need sun
protection to prevent macular
degeneration
Eye glasses are not a substitute for
safety glasses
Workers exposed to fruits and
vegetables may be exposed to
allergens that will cause
conjunctivitis
If employee comes in after an
exposure to a chemical, they are
mandated to provide a Material
Safety Data Sheet which will give
the chemical components of the
substance.
29. Epicondylitis: Occupational Health
Occurs at the lateral or medial
surface of the elbow
Lateral epicondylitis is referred to
as “Tennis Elbow” with medial
referred to as “Golfers Elbow”
Risks for medial: forceful work
such as wrist bending/twisting, and
forearm twisting bending such as
assembly work
Sharp pain over the epicondyle
30. Epicondylitis: Occupational Health
Recent studies show that tennis
elbow is often due to damage to a
specific forearm muscle. The
extensor carpi radialis brevis
(ECRB) muscle helps stabilize the
wrist when the elbow is straight.
This occurs during a tennis
groundstroke, for example. When
the ECRB is weakened from
overuse, microscopic tears form in
the tendon where it attaches to
the lateral epicondyle. This leads
to inflammation and pain.
31. Physical Exam: Tennis Elbow
Palpation: Maximal tenderness is
elicited 1-2 cm distal to the origin of
the ECRB at the lateral epicondyle.
Pain is increased with resisted wrist
extension, with the wrist radially
deviated and pronated and the elbow
extended
Pain may also increase when the
patient attempts to lift the back of a
chair with the elbow extended and
the wrist maximally pronated.
Resisted extension of the middle
finger is also painful secondary to
stress placed on the ECRB tendon, as
it is preferentially stressed in this
position when it must contract
synergistically to anchor the third
metacarpal, such that extension can
take place at the digits. [9]
Increased pain is noted with resisted
supination, gripping hand shaking.
Always examine ROM of the shoulder,
elbow, and wrist on the affected
side.