The document discusses various types of pollution including air, water, soil, noise, thermal, nuclear, and marine pollution. It defines each type of pollution and provides examples of sources and their effects on human health and the environment. The main types of air pollutants discussed are from vehicles, industries, and biomass burning which can cause respiratory illnesses and lung diseases. Water pollution from sewage, industrial waste, and agrochemicals promotes diseases by providing habitats for parasites. Noise pollution especially in urban and industrial areas can negatively impact human communication and health. The document emphasizes the role of individuals in reducing pollution through sustainable practices.

1. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
AND GLOBAL ISSUES

2. Definition of Pollution
 When Harmful Substances Contaminate the
environment it is Called Pollution.
 It can be defined as any undesirable change in
the physical, chemical, biological characteristics
of any component of the environment which can
cause harm to life and property.

3. Types of Pollution
Pollution
Air
Thermal
Nuclear
Soil
Noise
Water
Marine

4. Definition
 Air pollution : An atmospheric condition in
which certain substances (including normal
constituents in excess) are present in
concentrations which can cause undesirable
effects on man and his environment.

5. Sources of Air Pollution
Sources
Natural
Volcanic Eruptions, Forest
Fires, Biological Decay
Anthropogenic
Thermal Power
Plants,
Vehicular Emissions,
Industrial Units

6. Effect on Human health
 Main problems are related to Respiratory Track - Asthma, hay
fever, and other allergic diseases.
 Irritation of the eye, nose and throat. In severe cases there may
be headaches, nausea, and loss of coordination.
 Prolonged exposure can cause damage to the nervous system,
digestive problems, and in some cases cause Lung cancer.
 It lowers our resistance to colds and pneumonia.
 CO has affinity towards Hb which cause disturbance in
transportation of Oxygen, impairing our concentration, slow our
reflexes, and make us confused and sleepy.
 SO2 in the air leads to diseases of the lung and other lung
disorders such as wheezing and shortness of breath.
 Chronic respiratory disease, lung cancer, heart disease, and
even damage to the brain, nerves, liver, or kidneys.

7. Water Pollution
The Contamination of water with
undesirable substances which make it
unfit for usage is termed water Pollution.

8. Surface Water Pollution
 Sewage
 Industrial effluents
 Synthetic detergents
 Agrochemicals

9. EFFECTS
 Stagnant water and other untreated
water provide a habitat for the
mosquito and a host of other parasites
and insects that cause a large number
of diseases especially in the tropical
regions.
 Among these, malaria is undoubtedly
the most widely distributed and causes
most damage to human health.

10.  Pesticides. The organophosphates and the carbonates present in
pesticides affect and damage the nervous system and can cause
cancer.
 Some of the pesticides contain carcinogens that exceed
recommended levels. They contain chlorides that cause reproductive
and endocrinal damage.
 Lead. Lead is hazardous to health as it accumulates in the body and
affects the central nervous system. Children and pregnant women are
most at risk.
 Petrochemicals. Benzene and other petrochemicals can cause cancer
even at low exposure levels.
 Chlorinated solvents. These are linked to reproduction disorders and
to some cancers.
 Other heavy metals. –Heavy metals cause damage to the nervous
system and the kidney, and other metabolic disruptions.

11. Marine Pollution
 Marine Pollution is caused due to Sewage
Sludge, Indutrial Effluents, Detergents, solid
waste, plastic, etc.
 Sources :
 River- Bring pollutants from drainage basins
 Catchment Area- Human Settlements
 Oil Drilling & Shipment
 Effects :
 Fishes show mortality
 Oil disrupts the insulating capacity of feathers

12. Thermal Pollution
•Definition : Presence of waste heat in the water
which can cause undesirable changes in natural
environment.
•Causes:
•Heat producing Industries
•Power plants utilize only 1/3rd energy produced
by fossil fuel rest is wasted as heat

13. Effect
 Heat kills fishes and other aquatic life.
 Toxicity of pesticides & chemicals
increase with increase in temperature
 Fish migration is affected
 Composition of flora & fauna changes-
 Temp. tolerant spp. Start developing

14. Noise pollution
 Unwanted and unbearable sound is
“Noise”
 Sound travels in form of pressure waves
through air, liquid or soild
 Measured on DECIBEL SCALE.
 Higher in Industrial area.
 80 to 120 dB
 Construction: 100 dB

15. Sources and effects
 Transportation
 Heavy Machinery
 Construction activities
 Celebrations and household
appliances
 Physiological and psychological
changes
 Interferes communication
 Hearing damage
 Sleep disturbance

16. Noise standards
 Night 10 p.m. to morning 6 a.m.- loud noise banned.
 Declaration of Zones

17. Nuclear Or Radioactive Hazard
 Natural radioactive decay
 Give out fast moving particles, high
energy radiations.
 Alpha and beta particles
 Nuclear accidents, test laboratories
 Fukushima in Japan

18. Effects and control
 Genetic damage : DNA alterations, gene
damage, chromosome damage
 Somatic damage: Burns, miscarriages,
eye cataract, cancers of skin, bones,
breast.
 Proper siting.
 Proper disposal.

19. Soil pollution
 Soil is upper layer of earth crust, contains organic
matter, fertile
 Dumping of wastes causes soil pollution
 Garbage
 Rubbish like glass, plastics, metallic cans, papers,
cloth rags, containers
 Discharge of Industrial wastes.
 Fly ash from Thermal power plants
 Fertilizers and pesticides: DDT, eldrin, Lindane.
 Sewage sludge and radioactive wastes

20. Effects and control
 Reduce soil productivity
 Affects soil flora and fauna
 Sludge contains worms, bacteria and
pathogens.
 Radioactive wastes enter food chain:
 Treatment before discharge
 Convert waste to biogas, fuel etc.
 Recover from soil.

21. EFFECTS OF SOLID WASTE
 Waste heap up on roads
 Litter surroundings
 Foul smells
 Vector breeding
 BURNING produces toxic gases

22. Role of an Individual in Pollution prevention
 Think globally act locally
 Use eco-friendly products
 Use rechargeable batteries
 No to excess pesticides, chemicals, paints,
solvents
 Use less or only required quantity of resource
 PLANT MORE TREES(local species)
 Best from Waste
 3 R’S- Reduce, Reuse, Recycle

23. Thank you