This document discusses various occupational health and safety hazards. It begins by defining occupational safety and health as protecting workers' well-being. Hazards are things that can cause harm, while risks consider both the likelihood and severity of potential harm. Common physical and mechanical hazards include electrical, machinery, noise, weather/climate, heights, and tripping risks. Biological and chemical hazards involve infectious materials, bacteria/viruses, and hazardous chemicals. Psychological hazards encompass work-related stress, violence, bullying, and burnout. The document also examines healthcare-specific hazards such as needlestick injuries, infectious diseases like MRSA and tuberculosis, and recommended precautions.

1. Amani.M. AL Bohisi

2. Occupational safety and health
-is an area concerned with protecting the safety, health
and welfare of people engaged in work or employment.
-The goals of occupational safety and health programs
include to foster a safe and healthy work environment.
- OSH may also protect co-workers, family members,
employers, customers, and many others who might be
affected by the workplace environment.
Amani.M. AL Bohisi

3. Identifying safety and health hazards
- A hazard is something that can cause harm if not
controlled.
- The outcome is the harm that results from an
uncontrolled hazard.
- A risk is a combination of the probability that a
particular outcome will occur and the severity of the
harm involved
Amani.M. AL Bohisi

4. How many cases
of low back pain
reported in a
year
Musculoskeletal
problems
Amani.M. AL Bohisi

5. Physical and
Mechanical
Biological and
Chemical
Psychological and
social issues
Workplace hazards
Amani.M. AL Bohisi

6. Physical and Mechanical hazards
Are the most common and will be present in most workplaces at one
time or another. They include unsafe conditions that can cause injury,
illness and death.
1- Electrical hazards: frayed cords, missing ground pins, improper wiring
2- Unguarded machinery and moving machinery parts: guards removed
or moving parts that a worker can accidentally touch
3- Constant loud noise
4- High exposure to sunlight/ultraviolet rays, heat or cold
5- Working from heights, including ladders, scaffolds, roofs, or any raised
work area
6- Spills on floors or tripping hazards, such as blocked aisle or cords
running across the floor.
Amani.M. AL Bohisi

7. Biological and Chemical Hazards
** Biological Hazards:
Come from working with animals, people or infectious plant
materials. Work in day care, hospitals, hotel laundry and
room cleaning, laboratories, veterinary offices and nursing
homes may expose you to biological hazards.
- The types of things you may be exposed to include:
A- blood or other body fluids
B- Fungi
C- Bacteria and viruses
D- Plants
E- Insect bites
Amani.M. AL Bohisi

8. Biological and chemical Hazards
Chemical hazards
- Are present when a worker is exposed to any chemical
preparation in the workplace in any form (solid, liquid or
gas). Some are safer than others, but to some workers who
are more sensitive to chemicals, even common solutions
can cause illness, skin irritation or breathing problems.
-liquids like cleaning products, paints, acids, solvents
especially chemicals in an unlabelled container (warning
sign!).
- flammable materials like gasoline, solvents and explosive
chemicals.
Amani.M. AL Bohisi

9. Psychological and social issues
- Work-related stress, whose causal factors
include excessive working time and overwork
- Violence from outside the organization.
- Bullying, which may include emotional and
verbal abuse.
- Sexual harassment.
- Mobbing.
- Burnout.
Amani.M. AL Bohisi

10. Healthcare Wide Hazards
1- Blood borne Pathogens:
* Needle stick Injury: Nursing staff are the most
frequently injured employees from needlesticks. Data shows
needlestick injuries occur most frequently in patient rooms.
* Universal Precautions: An approach to infection control
which treats all human blood and other potentially
infectious materials as if they were known to be infectious
for HIV, HBV or other bloodborne pathogens.
Amani.M. AL Bohisi

11. Con….Healthcare Wide Hazards
•Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).
•Latex Allergy
•Bloodborne Illnesses - Hepatitis B Virus:
- Hepatitis is much more transmissible than HIV.
- Risk of infection from a single needlestick is 6%-30%.
-50% of the people with HBV infection are unaware that they have the virus.
-The CDC states that HBV can survive for at least one week in dried blood on
environmental surfaces or contaminated needles and instruments.
-Employer should offer testing for antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen
one to two months after the completion of the three-dose vaccination
series.
Amani.M. AL Bohisi

12. Con….Healthcare Wide Hazards
-Bloodborne Illnesses - Human Immunodeficiency Virus
(HIV): Risk of HIV infection after needlestick is 1 in 3,000 or 0.3%.
- Labeling and Signs.
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13. Con….Healthcare Wide Hazards
2- Infections: MDRO - Multidrug-Resistant Organisms
- Can I get MRSA from someone at work?
- If I have MRSA, can I go to work?
- What should I do if I think I have a MRSA infection?
- If I have a MRSA skin infection, what should I do to
prevent its spread at work and at home?
- What should I do if I suspect that my uniform, clothing,
personal protective equipment or workstation has
become contaminated with MRSA?
- What can my boss (employer) do to prevent the spread
of MRSA at the workplace?
Amani.M. AL Bohisi

14. Con….Healthcare Wide Hazards
3- Tuberculosis:
Nearly one-third of the world's population is infected with
Tuberculosis (TB), nearly 9 million develop the disease,
and it kills almost 2 million people per year.
-TB warning symptoms:
-Productive cough, coughing up blood, weight loss, loss of appetite,
lethargy/weakness, night sweats, or fever.
- What organs are affected?
Lungs? Spine? Kideny?
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15. Amani.M. AL Bohisi
To be Continued
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