Obesity management
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This document discusses management options for obesity, including medical management with drugs like Orlistat and Liraglutide, as well as various bariatric surgery procedures. Bariatric surgery is also called metabolic surgery because it can help treat metabolic syndrome conditions like high blood pressure, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Common bariatric surgeries mentioned include gastric banding, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, and biliopancreatic diversion. All procedures aim to reduce stomach size and/or bypass parts of the small intestine to induce weight loss, but they differ in their mechanisms and risks. Post-operative follow-up care and potential complications are also addressed.
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Peptic ulcer disease2
Peptic ulcer disease is a group of upper gastrointestinal disorders caused by factors that upset the balance of defensive mechanisms and acid-pepsin levels in the stomach and duodenum. The goals of treatment are to alleviate symptoms, promote healing, prevent complications and recurrences. Medications used to treat peptic ulcer disease include antacids to neutralize stomach acid, H2 antagonists and proton pump inhibitors to reduce acid secretion, sucralfate to protect ulcers from acid/pepsin, and antibiotics to treat Helicobacter pylori infections. Lifestyle interventions such as eating smaller, more frequent meals can also help manage the condition.
Chronic pancreatitis
Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive inflammatory disease of the pancreas characterized by irreversible destruction of pancreatic tissue. It commonly causes severe abdominal pain and can lead to exocrine and endocrine insufficiency over time. The most common causes are alcohol consumption and smoking. Diagnosis involves pancreatic function tests, imaging like CT or MRCP to identify changes in the pancreas and pancreatic duct. Treatment focuses on managing pain, treating underlying causes, nutrition support, and in some cases endoscopic or surgical interventions. The prognosis is often poor with declining health and function over time and an increased risk of pancreatic cancer with longstanding disease.
Peptic ulcer
The document discusses the surgical management of peptic ulcers. It outlines the diagnosis of peptic ulcers using tests like upper gastrointestinal studies and endoscopy. Conservative management involves lifestyle changes and medications like antacids, H2 blockers, and PPIs. Surgical options are considered for intractable or life-threatening ulcers and include procedures like Billroth II gastrectomy, gastrojejunostomy, truncal vagotomy and drainage, and highly selective vagotomy. Potential complications of surgical management are also detailed.
Chronic pancreatitis
INCLUDES DEFINITION, PREVALENCE, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY & ETIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS, MANAGEMENT AND COMPLICATIONS OF DISEASE
Acute pancreatitis
Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory condition of the pancreas characterized by abdominal pain and elevated pancreatic enzymes. The most common causes are gallstones and alcohol. In severe cases, pancreatic enzymes activate prematurely and digest the pancreas. This can lead to systemic inflammatory response and organ failure. Diagnosis is based on abdominal symptoms and blood tests showing elevated pancreatic enzymes. Severity is assessed using criteria like Marshall score and need for ICU care. Treatment involves hydration, pain control, treating the underlying cause, preventing infection, and nutrition support. Surgery is usually not needed for sterile pancreatic necrosis but may be for infected necrosis after 4 weeks.
Pud
Peptic ulcer disease is caused by defects in the stomach or duodenal lining from gastric acid and pepsin. Common causes include H. pylori infection, NSAID use, smoking, and stress. Patients may experience burning epigastric pain or develop complications like bleeding. Diagnosis involves endoscopy with biopsy or urea breath testing. Treatment aims to relieve symptoms, heal ulcers, and prevent recurrence with medications like PPIs, antibiotics, and lifestyle changes. Patients are advised to avoid irritants, eat small frequent meals, and see a doctor immediately if they experience signs of bleeding.
Investigations specific for pancreas
This document discusses various investigations used to evaluate the pancreas, including serum amylase, plain x-ray, CT scan, MRCP, and ERCP. Serum amylase is not very sensitive or specific for pancreatitis. CT scan is the gold standard imaging method and can detect abnormalities in the pancreas like edema, necrosis, abscesses and pseudocysts. MRCP and ERCP are useful for evaluating pancreatic and biliary ductal anatomy in a non-invasive and invasive manner respectively, and can be used for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes such as extracting stones.
Complications ofulcer surgery
The document discusses potential complications from peptic ulcer surgery including recurrent ulceration, small stomach syndrome, bile vomiting, dumping syndromes, post vagotomy diarrhea, and malignant transformation. It provides details on the incidence of recurrent ulcers from different surgical procedures and risk factors. Complications from recurrent ulcers like bleeding, perforation and gastrojejunocolic fistula are also summarized. Treatment approaches for various complications like bile vomiting, dumping syndromes and post vagotomy diarrhea are highlighted.
Recommended
Peptic ulcer disease2
Peptic ulcer disease is a group of upper gastrointestinal disorders caused by factors that upset the balance of defensive mechanisms and acid-pepsin levels in the stomach and duodenum. The goals of treatment are to alleviate symptoms, promote healing, prevent complications and recurrences. Medications used to treat peptic ulcer disease include antacids to neutralize stomach acid, H2 antagonists and proton pump inhibitors to reduce acid secretion, sucralfate to protect ulcers from acid/pepsin, and antibiotics to treat Helicobacter pylori infections. Lifestyle interventions such as eating smaller, more frequent meals can also help manage the condition.
Chronic pancreatitis
Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive inflammatory disease of the pancreas characterized by irreversible destruction of pancreatic tissue. It commonly causes severe abdominal pain and can lead to exocrine and endocrine insufficiency over time. The most common causes are alcohol consumption and smoking. Diagnosis involves pancreatic function tests, imaging like CT or MRCP to identify changes in the pancreas and pancreatic duct. Treatment focuses on managing pain, treating underlying causes, nutrition support, and in some cases endoscopic or surgical interventions. The prognosis is often poor with declining health and function over time and an increased risk of pancreatic cancer with longstanding disease.
Peptic ulcer
The document discusses the surgical management of peptic ulcers. It outlines the diagnosis of peptic ulcers using tests like upper gastrointestinal studies and endoscopy. Conservative management involves lifestyle changes and medications like antacids, H2 blockers, and PPIs. Surgical options are considered for intractable or life-threatening ulcers and include procedures like Billroth II gastrectomy, gastrojejunostomy, truncal vagotomy and drainage, and highly selective vagotomy. Potential complications of surgical management are also detailed.
Chronic pancreatitis
INCLUDES DEFINITION, PREVALENCE, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY & ETIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS, MANAGEMENT AND COMPLICATIONS OF DISEASE
Acute pancreatitis
Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory condition of the pancreas characterized by abdominal pain and elevated pancreatic enzymes. The most common causes are gallstones and alcohol. In severe cases, pancreatic enzymes activate prematurely and digest the pancreas. This can lead to systemic inflammatory response and organ failure. Diagnosis is based on abdominal symptoms and blood tests showing elevated pancreatic enzymes. Severity is assessed using criteria like Marshall score and need for ICU care. Treatment involves hydration, pain control, treating the underlying cause, preventing infection, and nutrition support. Surgery is usually not needed for sterile pancreatic necrosis but may be for infected necrosis after 4 weeks.
Pud
Peptic ulcer disease is caused by defects in the stomach or duodenal lining from gastric acid and pepsin. Common causes include H. pylori infection, NSAID use, smoking, and stress. Patients may experience burning epigastric pain or develop complications like bleeding. Diagnosis involves endoscopy with biopsy or urea breath testing. Treatment aims to relieve symptoms, heal ulcers, and prevent recurrence with medications like PPIs, antibiotics, and lifestyle changes. Patients are advised to avoid irritants, eat small frequent meals, and see a doctor immediately if they experience signs of bleeding.
Investigations specific for pancreas
This document discusses various investigations used to evaluate the pancreas, including serum amylase, plain x-ray, CT scan, MRCP, and ERCP. Serum amylase is not very sensitive or specific for pancreatitis. CT scan is the gold standard imaging method and can detect abnormalities in the pancreas like edema, necrosis, abscesses and pseudocysts. MRCP and ERCP are useful for evaluating pancreatic and biliary ductal anatomy in a non-invasive and invasive manner respectively, and can be used for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes such as extracting stones.
Complications ofulcer surgery
The document discusses potential complications from peptic ulcer surgery including recurrent ulceration, small stomach syndrome, bile vomiting, dumping syndromes, post vagotomy diarrhea, and malignant transformation. It provides details on the incidence of recurrent ulcers from different surgical procedures and risk factors. Complications from recurrent ulcers like bleeding, perforation and gastrojejunocolic fistula are also summarized. Treatment approaches for various complications like bile vomiting, dumping syndromes and post vagotomy diarrhea are highlighted.
Pancreatitis
This document discusses pancreatitis, including its definition, types, causes, pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, diagnostic studies, complications, and management. Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas that can damage the organ through premature activation of digestive enzymes. It can be acute, with rapid onset but potential reversibility, or chronic, resulting from irreversible structural changes over many years. Gallstones and alcohol are major causes. Diagnostic tests include blood tests, imaging like CT scans, and procedures like ERCP. Complications involve infection, pancreatic cancer, or nutritional issues. Treatment involves managing pain, treating underlying causes, and surgery in some cases. Nursing care focuses on pain management, fluid and nutrition management, and addressing related risks
Acute Pancreatitis
PREPARED BY: MUHAMMAD ARIFF B. MAHDZUB
BACHELOR MEDICINE AND SURGERY (MBBS)
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE SHAHPUTRA, KUANTAN
10.pancreatic pathology
The document discusses pancreatitis and pancreatic tumors. It defines acute and chronic pancreatitis, describing their causes as alcohol intake, gallstones, abdominal trauma or surgery. Acute pancreatitis results from inappropriate activation of pancreatic enzymes like trypsin, causing inflammation ranging from edema to necrosis and hemorrhage. Chronic pancreatitis is characterized by recurrent inflammation leading to irreversible fibrosis and dysfunction. Pancreatic cancer is also covered, noting it usually arises from ductal epithelium and often involves the pancreatic head, spreading via direct invasion and lymphatic and blood routes.
Pancreatitis
Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas that can be acute or chronic. Acute pancreatitis involves reversible injury to the pancreas and is commonly caused by alcoholism or gallstones. It presents as abdominal pain and involves the inappropriate activation of pancreatic enzymes that destroy pancreatic tissue. Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing condition characterized by irreversible damage to the pancreas from prolonged inflammation, often due to alcoholism or duct obstruction, leading to permanent impairment of pancreatic function. Both forms involve inflammation, necrosis, and fibrosis of the pancreas.
Perforation
This document describes the case of a 60-year-old female patient presenting with abdominal pain and distension. On examination, she showed signs of peritonitis. Investigations including ultrasound and x-ray revealed free fluid and free gas in the abdomen, suggestive of a hollow viscous perforation. She was diagnosed with a perforated peptic ulcer of the duodenum and underwent exploratory laparotomy and Graham's patch repair. Post-operatively, she improved with treatment and was discharged on the 12th day.
Pancreatitis
This document provides information about pancreatitis, including its definition, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. It defines pancreatitis as an inflammatory disease of the pancreas that can be acute or chronic. Acute pancreatitis involves sudden inflammation while chronic pancreatitis is a long-lasting condition characterized by progressive fibrosis of the pancreas. Common causes include alcohol use, gallstones, trauma, and certain medications. Symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and digestive issues. Diagnosis involves blood tests, imaging like ultrasound or CT, and other procedures. Treatment focuses on pain management, a low-fat diet, pancreatic enzyme supplements, and drugs to reduce secretion and inflammation.
Pancreatitis
Pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas that can be acute or chronic. Acute pancreatitis involves reversible injury to the pancreas and can range from mild to severe, with severe cases involving organ failure. Chronic pancreatitis is characterized by irreversible damage to the pancreas that typically causes pain and loss of pancreatic function over time. Treatment for acute pancreatitis depends on severity and may involve hospitalization, IV fluids, monitoring for organ failure, and antibiotics for severe cases. Treatment for chronic pancreatitis focuses on pain management, treating complications, and sometimes surgical interventions.
Acute pancreatitis
This document discusses acute pancreatitis, including its causes, pathogenesis, symptoms, signs, investigations, classifications, differential diagnosis, severity, management, and complications. It notes that acute pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas that can be caused by factors like alcohol, gallstones, hypertriglyceridemia, drugs, trauma or idiopathic origins. The condition involves three pathological phases and symptoms may include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and distension. Management involves IV fluid resuscitation, pain control, and targeted interventions depending on severity and complications which can be local like pseudocysts or systemic like respiratory, cardiac or renal issues.
Pancreas
This document discusses diseases of the pancreas. It begins with the development of the pancreas in the embryo, then covers its anatomy, investigations, congenital anomalies, injuries, acute and chronic pancreatitis, pseudocysts, carcinoma, and treatments. For carcinoma, it describes the types, symptoms, investigations, resection of the head of the pancreas, and palliation to relieve jaundice, improve gastric emptying, and provide pain relief and symptom management. Stents are mentioned as a method to relieve jaundice in pancreatic cancer patients.
Acute pancreatitis
Acute pancreatitis is characterized by reversible pancreatic inflammation resulting from inappropriate release and activation of pancreatic enzymes, which destroy pancreatic tissue and elicit an acute inflammatory reaction. The most common causes are biliary tract disease and alcoholism. Treatment involves IV fluid replacement to correct electrolyte imbalances and shock, which is a common cause of death in early stages. Surgical drainage may be needed for pancreatic complications like abscesses or pseudocysts.
Peptic ulcer disease (pud)
This presentation is to help readers to be equipped with knowledge on predisposing factor to peptic ulcer disease and how it can be managed in the clinical/hospital setup.
Post Gastrectomy Syndrome
Basic general condition in post operation to remove stomach out. And nutritional condition in this state.
Peptic ulcer
This document provides an overview of current trends in the management of peptic ulcer disease. It defines peptic ulcer disease and discusses its classification, symptoms, history, epidemiology, etiology, anatomy, pathophysiology, diagnosis, complications, and management. Key points include that Helicobacter pylori infection and NSAID use are the primary risk factors, proton pump inhibitors are the first-line treatment, and treatment aims to relieve symptoms, promote healing, eradicate H. pylori if present, prevent recurrence, and avoid complications.
Acute pancreatitis
(1) Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory condition of the pancreas most commonly caused by gallstones or alcohol abuse. (2) Damage to the pancreas leads to release of enzymes that autodigest pancreatic tissue. (3) Treatment involves fluid resuscitation, pain management, monitoring for complications like infection or pseudocyst formation, and identifying and addressing the underlying cause.
Acute pancreatitis
This document summarizes the diagnosis, etiology, management, and treatment of acute pancreatitis based on guidelines from the American College of Gastroenterology. It presents a case study of a 47-year-old female diagnosed with gallstone pancreatitis based on abdominal pain, elevated lipase, and ultrasound findings of cholelithiasis. Her case is used to illustrate the guidelines, including IV fluid hydration, no antibiotics given due to mild symptoms resolving in 48 hours, and cholecystectomy before discharge due to gallstone etiology.
Git perforation
- Perforation of the gastrointestinal tract can occur due to various causes like perforated ulcers, penetrating injuries, or ischemic bowel. Signs include severe abdominal pain, fever, and tenderness.
- Diagnosis is suggested by imaging showing free air or fluid in the abdomen. Treatment requires emergency surgery to repair any perforations followed by intensive care and broad-spectrum antibiotics to treat peritonitis.
- Surgical management involves thorough irrigation and drainage of the abdominal cavity followed by resection of non-viable bowel and primary anastomosis or stoma formation as needed. Close postoperative monitoring in the ICU is important to support organ function and detect any complications.
ACUTE PANCREATITIS
Acute Pancreatitis , IFNMU , UKRAINE
note:
if any changes and ideas please let me me know at lsmuraj93@gmail.com
Chronic pancreatitis
Chronic pancreatitis is a relapsing inflammatory process that results in irreversible fibrotic changes to the pancreas, causing abdominal pain, exocrine and endocrine insufficiency. It is most commonly caused by prolonged alcohol abuse. Other causes include genetic mutations, autoimmune disorders, and obstructive factors. Diagnosis involves imaging tests like CT, MRI, and ERCP to identify morphological changes and complications. Treatment focuses on pain management, enzyme supplementation, endoscopic procedures to address duct abnormalities, and surgery for refractory cases or complications. Surgical options aim to relieve pain by draining the pancreatic duct or resecting inflamed areas, while preserving function.
Post ERCP tension pneumo-thorax a rare complication
A 65-year-old female presented with right upper quadrant pain and vomiting for 5 days. Imaging showed CBD stones. During a difficult ERCP involving pre-cut sphincterotomy, the patient developed tension pneumothorax. Exploration found a duodenal tear that was repaired. Tension pneumothorax is a rare but serious complication of ERCP due to retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal air dissection through diaphragmatic pores. Immediate diagnosis and treatment is needed to prevent hemodynamic compromise.
Peptic ulcer
This document discusses peptic ulcers. It defines peptic ulcers as breaks in the gastrointestinal mucosa exposed to acid and pepsin. The pathophysiology involves an imbalance between defensive and aggressive factors on the gastroduodenal mucosa. Common causes of ulcers include Helicobacter pylori infection, NSAIDs, smoking, alcohol, and acid hypersecretion. Management involves lifestyle modifications, medications to reduce acid secretion, antibiotics to treat H. pylori, and surgery for complications or treatment failures.
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Pancreatitis
This document discusses pancreatitis, including its definition, types, causes, pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, diagnostic studies, complications, and management. Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas that can damage the organ through premature activation of digestive enzymes. It can be acute, with rapid onset but potential reversibility, or chronic, resulting from irreversible structural changes over many years. Gallstones and alcohol are major causes. Diagnostic tests include blood tests, imaging like CT scans, and procedures like ERCP. Complications involve infection, pancreatic cancer, or nutritional issues. Treatment involves managing pain, treating underlying causes, and surgery in some cases. Nursing care focuses on pain management, fluid and nutrition management, and addressing related risks
Acute Pancreatitis
PREPARED BY: MUHAMMAD ARIFF B. MAHDZUB
BACHELOR MEDICINE AND SURGERY (MBBS)
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE SHAHPUTRA, KUANTAN
10.pancreatic pathology
The document discusses pancreatitis and pancreatic tumors. It defines acute and chronic pancreatitis, describing their causes as alcohol intake, gallstones, abdominal trauma or surgery. Acute pancreatitis results from inappropriate activation of pancreatic enzymes like trypsin, causing inflammation ranging from edema to necrosis and hemorrhage. Chronic pancreatitis is characterized by recurrent inflammation leading to irreversible fibrosis and dysfunction. Pancreatic cancer is also covered, noting it usually arises from ductal epithelium and often involves the pancreatic head, spreading via direct invasion and lymphatic and blood routes.
Pancreatitis
Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas that can be acute or chronic. Acute pancreatitis involves reversible injury to the pancreas and is commonly caused by alcoholism or gallstones. It presents as abdominal pain and involves the inappropriate activation of pancreatic enzymes that destroy pancreatic tissue. Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing condition characterized by irreversible damage to the pancreas from prolonged inflammation, often due to alcoholism or duct obstruction, leading to permanent impairment of pancreatic function. Both forms involve inflammation, necrosis, and fibrosis of the pancreas.
Perforation
This document describes the case of a 60-year-old female patient presenting with abdominal pain and distension. On examination, she showed signs of peritonitis. Investigations including ultrasound and x-ray revealed free fluid and free gas in the abdomen, suggestive of a hollow viscous perforation. She was diagnosed with a perforated peptic ulcer of the duodenum and underwent exploratory laparotomy and Graham's patch repair. Post-operatively, she improved with treatment and was discharged on the 12th day.
Pancreatitis
This document provides information about pancreatitis, including its definition, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. It defines pancreatitis as an inflammatory disease of the pancreas that can be acute or chronic. Acute pancreatitis involves sudden inflammation while chronic pancreatitis is a long-lasting condition characterized by progressive fibrosis of the pancreas. Common causes include alcohol use, gallstones, trauma, and certain medications. Symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and digestive issues. Diagnosis involves blood tests, imaging like ultrasound or CT, and other procedures. Treatment focuses on pain management, a low-fat diet, pancreatic enzyme supplements, and drugs to reduce secretion and inflammation.
Pancreatitis
Pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas that can be acute or chronic. Acute pancreatitis involves reversible injury to the pancreas and can range from mild to severe, with severe cases involving organ failure. Chronic pancreatitis is characterized by irreversible damage to the pancreas that typically causes pain and loss of pancreatic function over time. Treatment for acute pancreatitis depends on severity and may involve hospitalization, IV fluids, monitoring for organ failure, and antibiotics for severe cases. Treatment for chronic pancreatitis focuses on pain management, treating complications, and sometimes surgical interventions.
Acute pancreatitis
This document discusses acute pancreatitis, including its causes, pathogenesis, symptoms, signs, investigations, classifications, differential diagnosis, severity, management, and complications. It notes that acute pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas that can be caused by factors like alcohol, gallstones, hypertriglyceridemia, drugs, trauma or idiopathic origins. The condition involves three pathological phases and symptoms may include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and distension. Management involves IV fluid resuscitation, pain control, and targeted interventions depending on severity and complications which can be local like pseudocysts or systemic like respiratory, cardiac or renal issues.
Pancreas
This document discusses diseases of the pancreas. It begins with the development of the pancreas in the embryo, then covers its anatomy, investigations, congenital anomalies, injuries, acute and chronic pancreatitis, pseudocysts, carcinoma, and treatments. For carcinoma, it describes the types, symptoms, investigations, resection of the head of the pancreas, and palliation to relieve jaundice, improve gastric emptying, and provide pain relief and symptom management. Stents are mentioned as a method to relieve jaundice in pancreatic cancer patients.
Acute pancreatitis
Acute pancreatitis is characterized by reversible pancreatic inflammation resulting from inappropriate release and activation of pancreatic enzymes, which destroy pancreatic tissue and elicit an acute inflammatory reaction. The most common causes are biliary tract disease and alcoholism. Treatment involves IV fluid replacement to correct electrolyte imbalances and shock, which is a common cause of death in early stages. Surgical drainage may be needed for pancreatic complications like abscesses or pseudocysts.
Peptic ulcer disease (pud)
This presentation is to help readers to be equipped with knowledge on predisposing factor to peptic ulcer disease and how it can be managed in the clinical/hospital setup.
Post Gastrectomy Syndrome
Basic general condition in post operation to remove stomach out. And nutritional condition in this state.
Peptic ulcer
This document provides an overview of current trends in the management of peptic ulcer disease. It defines peptic ulcer disease and discusses its classification, symptoms, history, epidemiology, etiology, anatomy, pathophysiology, diagnosis, complications, and management. Key points include that Helicobacter pylori infection and NSAID use are the primary risk factors, proton pump inhibitors are the first-line treatment, and treatment aims to relieve symptoms, promote healing, eradicate H. pylori if present, prevent recurrence, and avoid complications.
Acute pancreatitis
(1) Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory condition of the pancreas most commonly caused by gallstones or alcohol abuse. (2) Damage to the pancreas leads to release of enzymes that autodigest pancreatic tissue. (3) Treatment involves fluid resuscitation, pain management, monitoring for complications like infection or pseudocyst formation, and identifying and addressing the underlying cause.
Acute pancreatitis
This document summarizes the diagnosis, etiology, management, and treatment of acute pancreatitis based on guidelines from the American College of Gastroenterology. It presents a case study of a 47-year-old female diagnosed with gallstone pancreatitis based on abdominal pain, elevated lipase, and ultrasound findings of cholelithiasis. Her case is used to illustrate the guidelines, including IV fluid hydration, no antibiotics given due to mild symptoms resolving in 48 hours, and cholecystectomy before discharge due to gallstone etiology.
Git perforation
- Perforation of the gastrointestinal tract can occur due to various causes like perforated ulcers, penetrating injuries, or ischemic bowel. Signs include severe abdominal pain, fever, and tenderness.
- Diagnosis is suggested by imaging showing free air or fluid in the abdomen. Treatment requires emergency surgery to repair any perforations followed by intensive care and broad-spectrum antibiotics to treat peritonitis.
- Surgical management involves thorough irrigation and drainage of the abdominal cavity followed by resection of non-viable bowel and primary anastomosis or stoma formation as needed. Close postoperative monitoring in the ICU is important to support organ function and detect any complications.
ACUTE PANCREATITIS
Acute Pancreatitis , IFNMU , UKRAINE
note:
if any changes and ideas please let me me know at lsmuraj93@gmail.com
Chronic pancreatitis
Chronic pancreatitis is a relapsing inflammatory process that results in irreversible fibrotic changes to the pancreas, causing abdominal pain, exocrine and endocrine insufficiency. It is most commonly caused by prolonged alcohol abuse. Other causes include genetic mutations, autoimmune disorders, and obstructive factors. Diagnosis involves imaging tests like CT, MRI, and ERCP to identify morphological changes and complications. Treatment focuses on pain management, enzyme supplementation, endoscopic procedures to address duct abnormalities, and surgery for refractory cases or complications. Surgical options aim to relieve pain by draining the pancreatic duct or resecting inflamed areas, while preserving function.
Post ERCP tension pneumo-thorax a rare complication
A 65-year-old female presented with right upper quadrant pain and vomiting for 5 days. Imaging showed CBD stones. During a difficult ERCP involving pre-cut sphincterotomy, the patient developed tension pneumothorax. Exploration found a duodenal tear that was repaired. Tension pneumothorax is a rare but serious complication of ERCP due to retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal air dissection through diaphragmatic pores. Immediate diagnosis and treatment is needed to prevent hemodynamic compromise.
Peptic ulcer
This document discusses peptic ulcers. It defines peptic ulcers as breaks in the gastrointestinal mucosa exposed to acid and pepsin. The pathophysiology involves an imbalance between defensive and aggressive factors on the gastroduodenal mucosa. Common causes of ulcers include Helicobacter pylori infection, NSAIDs, smoking, alcohol, and acid hypersecretion. Management involves lifestyle modifications, medications to reduce acid secretion, antibiotics to treat H. pylori, and surgery for complications or treatment failures.
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Post ERCP tension pneumo-thorax a rare complication
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This document discusses various types of bariatric surgery procedures for treating obesity. It begins by defining bariatric surgery and obesity classifications. It then covers criteria for surgery candidacy and contraindications. The main sections describe restrictive procedures like gastric banding and sleeve gastrectomy, malabsorptive procedures, and combination/mixed procedures like Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. For each procedure, it provides details on how it works to induce weight loss and potential complications. Pre- and post-operative considerations are also reviewed.
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Obesity and Bariatric Surgeries
Morbid obesity is diagnosed using body mass index, body fat percentage, and waist circumference measurements. Treatment involves lifestyle changes including diet, exercise, and behavior therapy as well as medications or surgery. Surgical options include restrictive procedures like gastric banding and sleeve gastrectomy, or combined restrictive and malabsorptive procedures like Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Complications can include leaks, infections, nutritional deficiencies, and weight regain, so patients require long-term management. Bariatric surgery is effective for treating obesity-related medical conditions and promoting significant and sustainable weight loss for eligible patients.
Metabolic Effects of Bariatric Surgery in Patients With Moderate Obesity and ...
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Fundamentals of bariatric and metabolic surgery
This document discusses bariatric and metabolic surgery. It begins by defining morbid obesity and listing its causes and health risks. It then outlines the steps in treating morbid obesity, including pharmacotherapy, diet/exercise, and bariatric surgery. Several types of bariatric surgeries are described, including restrictive, malabsorptive, and combined procedures. Potential complications are listed. The document also discusses how bariatric surgery can help treat and potentially cure diabetes and other obesity-related diseases by altering gut hormones like GLP-1 and PYY.
ADVANCES IN BARIATRIC SURGERY PPT.pptx
This document discusses advances in bariatric surgery. It covers indications for surgery such as BMI over 40 or 35 with comorbidities. The most common procedures are Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, and gastric banding. Newer techniques like mini gastric bypass and endoscopic procedures are also discussed. Complications include leaks, bleeding, and nutritional deficiencies. The conclusion discusses the mechanisms of weight loss involving gut hormones, microbiota, and bile acids.
Why bariatric surgery is needed?
This document summarizes information about obesity, its associated health risks, and bariatric surgery options for treatment. It finds that obesity is a global epidemic associated with numerous comorbidities like diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and some cancers. Bariatric surgery procedures like gastric sleeve and gastric bypass can help patients achieve significant weight loss and resolution of obesity-related health conditions. However, lifelong nutritional deficiencies and follow-up are important considerations with restrictive bariatric procedures.
THE DANGEROUS TRIAD - OBESITY, DIABETES & HYPERTENSION - IS SURGERY THE SINGL...
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This document discusses bariatric surgery as a treatment for obesity, diabetes, and hypertension - known as the "dangerous triad". It outlines the obesity epidemic globally and in India. Bariatric surgery is presented as the most effective long-term treatment, as other options like diet, exercise, and medication often only achieve temporary weight loss. The document describes various bariatric surgical procedures and their mechanisms for weight loss and resolving comorbidities. Case studies are presented demonstrating successful weight loss and comorbidity resolution through bariatric surgery. Risks are low but include leaks, strictures, and potential for weight regain. A multidisciplinary team approach is emphasized for best outcomes.Similar to Obesity management (20)
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Metabolic Effects of Bariatric Surgery in Patients With Moderate Obesity and ...
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Obesity management
- 3. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT Usually reserved for patients with high risk of complications from obesity Drugs include: Orlistat Liraglutide Combination of naltrexone+noradrenaline
- 5. BARIATRIC SURGERY ALSO CALLED AS METABOLIC SURGERY BUT WHY?
- 6. METABOLIC SYNDROME HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE TYPE II DM DYSLIPIDAEMIA PCOS
- 7. INDICATIONS FOR BARIATRIC SURGERY: Anyone who’s BMI≥40 BMI ≥ 35 with onset of type 2 diabetis in past 10 years Option of choice when BMI>50 when other interventions have been ineffective
- 8. GASTRIC BANDING Pars Flaccida Technique – small virtual gastric pouch made Objective – sweet spot of optimal appetite control High band removal rate
- 9. ROUX-en-Y GASTRIC BYPASS Short vertical lesser curvature based gastric pouch Gastric pouch anastomosed to jejunum Bowel continuity restored Perform leak test
- 10. SLEEVE GASTRECTOMY Divided fundus left in continuity with lesser curve based tube Achilles heel Low perioperative risk Proportion of patients may need revisional surgery
- 11. BILIOPANCREATIC DIVERSION Produces greater weight loss than other procedures Higher nutritional complication rate MOA-malabsorption of calories
- 12. OTHER PROCEDURES: BANDED ROUX-EN-Y GASTRIC BYPASS ONE ANASTOMOSIS GASTRIC BYPASS SLEEVE GASTRECTOMY AND ILEAL TRANSPOSITION LIPOSUCTION
- 13. COMPLICATIONS
- 14. FOLLOW UP CARE
- 15. THANK YOU