OB[1]
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
2 likes•654 views
This document discusses four social phenomena related to behaviors in groups: groupthink, group polarization, social facilitation, and social loafing. Groupthink occurs when the desire for group harmony results in irrational decision making. It can be prevented by encouraging alternative perspectives, critical evaluation of ideas, and outside feedback. Group polarization means groups make more extreme decisions than individuals, becoming riskier if initially risky and more cautious if initially cautious. It can be prevented by allowing minority views, limiting concern for feelings, assembling diverse groups, and ensuring interaction among members.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Elements of leadership part iv authority-delma joie magtubo
This document discusses different types of authority and leadership styles. It defines authority as the power formally given to an individual or group. There are five types of authority: legal, charismatic, competence, acceptance, and traditional. Four leadership styles are described based on authority: autocratic, democratic, free-rein, and paternalistic. Autocratic leadership relies on coercion and commands, while democratic leadership solicits participation. Free-rein leadership gives high independence, and paternalistic leadership treats followers like family. The advantages and disadvantages of each style are provided.
10 social
This document provides an overview of key concepts in social psychology. It discusses attribution theory, how people attribute the behaviors of others to internal or external factors. It also covers attitudes, their functions, and how attitudes can change. Social influence is explored through conformity, obedience, social norms, and the famous Milgram experiment. The document concludes by discussing cultural effects on social psychology concepts.
Ls 601 ppt 9
This chapter discusses building ethical small groups and discusses several key points. It notes that leaders spend much of their time in small groups and that teams, not individuals, make most important decisions. It also defines characteristics of small groups and discusses how leaders can foster ethical accountability and cooperation among group members. The chapter further addresses challenges like social loafing and how to minimize it. It emphasizes the importance of promoting ethical group interactions, communication skills, managing emotions, handling conflict productively, and allowing minority opinions. It also warns against issues like groupthink.
Ls 601 ppt 4
This document discusses perspectives on evil and combating evil from a leadership textbook. It begins by defining evil as something that is destructive and causes excessive harm. It then outlines six perspectives on evil: as dreadful pleasure, exclusion, deception, bureaucracy, a choice, and something ordinary. It explores each perspective in more detail. The document discusses recognizing and facing evil, as well as making a case for forgiveness by breaking cycles of evil. It covers spiritual leadership and combating evil through forgiveness and apology. Two case studies on crimes against humanity in North Korea and the Flint, Michigan water crisis are presented for discussion.
Ls 601 ppt 5
The document discusses several ethical perspectives and frameworks:
1) Utilitarianism focuses on doing the greatest good for the greatest number of people by weighing consequences of decisions. It can be act-based or rule-based.
2) Kant's categorical imperative argues people should do what is morally right regardless of consequences by treating others as ends and not means.
3) Justice as fairness principles propose basic liberties be equal and social inequalities satisfy fair equality of opportunity and greatest benefit to the least advantaged.
4) Pragmatism views ethics as scientific inquiry through imagination and experimentation to solve problems rather than rigid rules.
Chp.18 social psych
The document provides an overview of key concepts in social psychology including attribution theory, fundamental attribution error, cognitive dissonance theory, social influence, norms, conformity, prejudice, aggression, and social relations. It defines important terms and briefly describes classic studies that helped establish theories in social psychology.
Ls 601 ppt 2
This chapter examines why leaders cast shadows instead of light and how they can overcome unhealthy motivations and improve decision-making. It discusses several factors that can cause leaders to act unethically, such as personality disorders, faulty assumptions, failure of moral imagination, and contextual pressures. It also explores how susceptible followers enable destructive leadership. The chapter advocates for leaders to develop ethical expertise through assessment, challenge, and support in order to make better decisions and become an ethical authority.
Ls 601 ppt 12
This document summarizes key aspects of ethical crisis leadership from Chapter 12. It discusses that a crisis is an unanticipated event that poses a threat and is difficult to prepare for. Crises have three stages - precrisis, crisis event, and postcrisis. During a crisis, ethical leaders must demonstrate responsibility, transparency, care, rational thinking, empowering improvisation, and building long-term resilience. Case studies on Ebola, New Orleans recovery, and explorer Ernest Shackleton provide examples of these principles. The document concludes with discussion questions about applying ethical crisis leadership.
Recommended
Elements of leadership part iv authority-delma joie magtubo
This document discusses different types of authority and leadership styles. It defines authority as the power formally given to an individual or group. There are five types of authority: legal, charismatic, competence, acceptance, and traditional. Four leadership styles are described based on authority: autocratic, democratic, free-rein, and paternalistic. Autocratic leadership relies on coercion and commands, while democratic leadership solicits participation. Free-rein leadership gives high independence, and paternalistic leadership treats followers like family. The advantages and disadvantages of each style are provided.
10 social
This document provides an overview of key concepts in social psychology. It discusses attribution theory, how people attribute the behaviors of others to internal or external factors. It also covers attitudes, their functions, and how attitudes can change. Social influence is explored through conformity, obedience, social norms, and the famous Milgram experiment. The document concludes by discussing cultural effects on social psychology concepts.
Ls 601 ppt 9
This chapter discusses building ethical small groups and discusses several key points. It notes that leaders spend much of their time in small groups and that teams, not individuals, make most important decisions. It also defines characteristics of small groups and discusses how leaders can foster ethical accountability and cooperation among group members. The chapter further addresses challenges like social loafing and how to minimize it. It emphasizes the importance of promoting ethical group interactions, communication skills, managing emotions, handling conflict productively, and allowing minority opinions. It also warns against issues like groupthink.
Ls 601 ppt 4
This document discusses perspectives on evil and combating evil from a leadership textbook. It begins by defining evil as something that is destructive and causes excessive harm. It then outlines six perspectives on evil: as dreadful pleasure, exclusion, deception, bureaucracy, a choice, and something ordinary. It explores each perspective in more detail. The document discusses recognizing and facing evil, as well as making a case for forgiveness by breaking cycles of evil. It covers spiritual leadership and combating evil through forgiveness and apology. Two case studies on crimes against humanity in North Korea and the Flint, Michigan water crisis are presented for discussion.
Ls 601 ppt 5
The document discusses several ethical perspectives and frameworks:
1) Utilitarianism focuses on doing the greatest good for the greatest number of people by weighing consequences of decisions. It can be act-based or rule-based.
2) Kant's categorical imperative argues people should do what is morally right regardless of consequences by treating others as ends and not means.
3) Justice as fairness principles propose basic liberties be equal and social inequalities satisfy fair equality of opportunity and greatest benefit to the least advantaged.
4) Pragmatism views ethics as scientific inquiry through imagination and experimentation to solve problems rather than rigid rules.
Chp.18 social psych
The document provides an overview of key concepts in social psychology including attribution theory, fundamental attribution error, cognitive dissonance theory, social influence, norms, conformity, prejudice, aggression, and social relations. It defines important terms and briefly describes classic studies that helped establish theories in social psychology.
Ls 601 ppt 2
This chapter examines why leaders cast shadows instead of light and how they can overcome unhealthy motivations and improve decision-making. It discusses several factors that can cause leaders to act unethically, such as personality disorders, faulty assumptions, failure of moral imagination, and contextual pressures. It also explores how susceptible followers enable destructive leadership. The chapter advocates for leaders to develop ethical expertise through assessment, challenge, and support in order to make better decisions and become an ethical authority.
Ls 601 ppt 12
This document summarizes key aspects of ethical crisis leadership from Chapter 12. It discusses that a crisis is an unanticipated event that poses a threat and is difficult to prepare for. Crises have three stages - precrisis, crisis event, and postcrisis. During a crisis, ethical leaders must demonstrate responsibility, transparency, care, rational thinking, empowering improvisation, and building long-term resilience. Case studies on Ebola, New Orleans recovery, and explorer Ernest Shackleton provide examples of these principles. The document concludes with discussion questions about applying ethical crisis leadership.
Ls 601 ppt 11
This document discusses the ethical challenges of leadership in a global society. It addresses several topics:
- The dark side of globalization and how global capitalism can encourage greed over concern for others.
- Cultural differences in values between societies and how values are programmed differently based on factors like power distance, individualism, and uncertainty avoidance.
- Frameworks for understanding moral diversity across cultures, such as Haidt's five foundations of morality and approaches for finding common ethical ground globally.
- Guidelines leaders can use to make ethical choices in culturally diverse settings, such as the Integrative Social Contracts Theory and the six questions proposed by Hamilton, Knouse, and Hill.
The document also presents two
510 presentation
This document discusses the social ecological model as it relates to physical fitness and activity. It explains that the individual component is the most influential as it involves psychological factors like interests, needs, desires, and internal/external barriers. Personal factors that influence physical activity for an individual include age, sex, education, abilities, attitudes, motivation, and self-efficacy. Changing an individual's skills, knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and self-efficacy can impact their physical activity levels. Interventions should focus on making these personal changes.
Ls 601 ppt 8
This document summarizes several normative leadership theories including transformational leadership, transactional leadership, servant leadership, authentic leadership, aesthetic leadership, responsible leadership, and Taoism. Transformational leadership focuses on promoting the interests of followers and driving change through inspiration. Transactional leadership emphasizes rewards and consequences. Servant leadership prioritizes putting followers' needs above leaders' own needs. Authentic leadership centers on being true to oneself and one's values. Aesthetic leadership considers the sensory and emotional aspects of leadership. Responsible leadership aims to create sustainable value and positive change through moral principles. Taoism teaches leading through humility, weakness, and following natural forces or the Tao.
Ls 601 ppt 1
This chapter discusses the dark side of leadership and how leaders can either positively or negatively impact followers. It introduces different types of unethical leadership behaviors such as incompetence, rigidity, lack of self-control, callousness, corruption, insularity, and evil. Leaders may cast shadows by abusing power, hoarding privileges, mismanaging information, acting inconsistently, misplacing or breaking loyalties, and failing to accept responsibility. The chapter examines how power can enable abuse and biased decision-making if not used carefully and for the right purposes.
Ls 601 ppt 10
Leaders play a key role in establishing an ethical organizational climate. They should lead by example and serve as role models for ethical behavior. An ethical climate is marked by integrity, justice, trust, and concern for both means and ends. Leaders implement tools like core values, codes of ethics, training, and socialization to reinforce ethical norms.
Ls 601 ppt 3
This chapter discusses the importance of a leader's character and inner virtues. It addresses how leaders can develop virtues like courage, temperance, wisdom, justice, optimism, integrity, humility and compassion. These virtues are qualities that help leaders make good moral decisions and live better lives. The chapter also examines how leaders can cultivate strong character through finding role models, learning from hardships, developing good habits, creating a clear mission statement and identifying their core values. It includes case studies that illustrate leaders who have strengthened their character.
Understanding the individual
Individuals are attracted to groups for various reasons related to the group's activities, goals, and membership. People may join groups because they enjoy the same activities as other members or are interested in the group's goals. Some individuals are motivated to join a group simply for the prestige of membership. Additional factors that shape individual behavior in groups include culture, gender, sexual orientation, and disabilities. An individual's self-concept and perception of their role in a group impacts how they interact with and relate to other members. Cultural dimensions like individualism versus collectivism also influence group dynamics and decision making approaches.
Organizational Behaviour
This document discusses group behavior in organizations. It defines groups as two or more individuals interacting and interdependent to achieve objectives. Groups are classified as formal, defined by an organization's structure, or informal, which form spontaneously through interactions. People join groups for affiliation, status, goal achievement, security, and self-esteem. Groups go through forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning stages of development. Key group properties include roles, norms, status, size, and cohesiveness.
Ls 601 ppt 7
This chapter examines the ethical issues surrounding how leaders exercise influence through compliance gaining, communicating expectations, argumentation, and negotiation. It discusses Yukl's 11 influence tactics, Kassing's 5 worker dissent strategies, and the Pygmalion and Golem effects on expectations. Leaders must communicate expectations through climate, feedback, input and output. Effective argumentation relies on stating issues propositionally, inventing arguments, and managing interpersonal relations. Principled negotiation focuses on interests, mutual gain, and objective criteria. The chapter also discusses resisting influence through reciprocation, consistency, social proof, liking, authority and scarcity.
Need for power
Need for power is defined as the desire to control or influence others.
It is not necessarily associated with actually having power, but instead with the desire to have power.
In 1933, Murray defined basic human needs and were seen as directing behavior . Varied from people to people based on individual's importance
Three Fundamental Social Motives
Need for power (also called power motivation)
Need for achievement and
Need for affiliation.
Behaviors Associated with Need for Power(Forms of exerting Power)
Use of physical or psychological aggression to force others to comply with what one wants from them.
Gaining a reputation as an important person.
Trying to affect the emotions of others e.g.by telling jokes, or by a musical or dramatic performance.
Providing (often unsolicited) advice or help.
Social Psychology
Social psychology is defined as the study of how individuals think, feel, and behave in relation to other people and social situations. It examines three main areas: social thinking (attitudes, attributions), social influence (conformity, obedience), and social interaction (relationships). Social psychology can be applied in various domains to improve motivation, leadership skills, communication abilities, decision making, memory, productivity, health, and more. It provides insights into social influence, cognition, and interaction that are useful for understanding human behavior.
Leadership
This document discusses leadership styles and factors that influence leadership emergence. It describes six common leadership styles: autocratic, democratic, laissez-faire, task-oriented, relationship-oriented, and paternalistic. It also lists 12 factors that are associated with leadership emergence, such as assertiveness, authenticity, big five personality traits, birth order, character strengths, dominance, emotional intelligence, intelligence, narcissism, self-efficacy, self-monitoring, and social motivation.
[Behav. sci] conflict resolution by SIMS Lahore
Conflicts arise when there is poor communication, dissatisfaction with leadership or management style, or a lack of openness. Conflicts can divert attention from main activities, undermine morale, polarize groups, reduce cooperation, and sharpen differences. However, conflicts can also be productive when issues and problems are clarified to build cooperation through learning more about each other. Common causes of conflict in health settings include unmet needs or wants, tested values, questioned perceptions, assumptions, minimal knowledge, too high expectations, and personality or social class differences. Methods of conflict resolution include meeting conflicts head on, setting win-win goals, allowing free communication, being honest about concerns early, agreeing to disagree, aiming for group satisfaction, and openly discussing differences
Motivation- A psychological perspective
This document discusses different theories of motivation, including instinct approaches, drive-reduction approaches, arousal approaches, incentive approaches, and Maslow's hierarchy of needs. It addresses biological, cognitive, and social factors that energize behavior. Theories discussed include seeking to fulfill needs, maintaining an optimal level of arousal, desiring external rewards, and ordering needs from basic physiological ones to higher-level needs for esteem and self-actualization.
Chapter 11 Ppp
Social psychology studies how people think, feel and behave in social situations. There are two main areas of study: social cognition, how people make sense of their social environment, and social influence, how behavior is affected by situations and other people. Some key topics in social psychology include social perception, attitudes, stereotypes, prejudice, conformity and obedience.
13 psych 200 social psychology
This document discusses key concepts in social psychology including attitudes, social perception, social influence, and group behavior. It defines social psychology and explores how attitudes are formed and changed. Factors that shape social perception like attribution theory and biases are addressed. Phenomena like conformity, obedience, deindividuation, and the bystander effect are examined in the context of social influence. Group processes such as social facilitation, decision making, and groupthink are also summarized.
Social psychology
This document provides an overview of key concepts in social psychology. It defines social psychology as the scientific study of how individuals' thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by real, imagined, or implied social contexts. Some key topics covered include social influence, conformity, compliance, social norms, and research studies such as Asch's conformity experiments and Milgram's obedience studies. The document discusses how social factors like group pressure, authority, and reciprocity can influence individual attitudes and behaviors. In summary, it introduces social psychology concepts relating to how social environments and other people shape individual cognition, interaction, and performance.
Social Psychology
Social psychology examines how individuals are influenced by and influence others. Key topics include social influence, norms, attitudes, stereotypes, conformity, obedience, and persuasion. Important concepts are social learning theory, attribution biases like the fundamental attribution error, and interpersonal attraction factors like similarity, proximity, and self-disclosure.
Social psychology
Social psychology is the scientific study of how people's thoughts, feelings and behaviors are influenced by others. Attitudes are learned evaluations of people, objects or ideas that influence thoughts and actions. Attitudes have cognitive, affective and behavioral components and are formed through social learning, comparison, experiences and potentially genetics. Attitudes can change through persuasion using communicators, messages, audiences and channels of communication. Various scales have been developed to measure attitudes, including Likert scales, Thurstone scales and Bogardus social distance scales. Group dynamics, conformity, cohesiveness and leadership are also areas of study in social psychology.
Work Ethic and Four combination of Socialization and Individualization
This document discusses work ethic and the combination of socialization and individualization. It defines work ethic as a set of moral principles used in one's job that provides self-respect and fulfillment. Characteristics of strong work ethic include attendance, productivity, cooperation and respect. The document also discusses how socialization is the process of learning social group habits and beliefs, while individualization distinguishes individuals. There are four combinations of socialization and individualization: isolation, rebellion, conformity, and creative individualism.
SlideShare - Managing Change - The Achilles Heel of Content - Katrina Neal
1) Managing change is one of the biggest challenges for content marketing and the top mistakes include not getting executive buy-in, thinking a content platform alone is enough, and forgetting about internal marketing.
2) Successful change management requires considering people, processes, and technology together and understanding different reactions to new workflows.
3) Leading change takes understanding stakeholders' needs, communicating a clear vision, addressing culture, and creating short-term wins to build momentum. Change is as much about people as it is strategy.
Individual and group decision making
This document discusses individual and group decision making. It provides details on the 8 steps of the individual decision making process: 1) define the problem, 2) identify decision criteria, 3) allocate weights to criteria, 4) develop alternatives, 5) evaluate alternatives, 6) select best alternative, 7) implement alternative, and 8) evaluate decision. It also discusses various techniques for group decision making, including brainstorming, nominal group technique, Delphi technique, electronic meetings, fish bowling, and interacting groups.
More Related Content
What's hot
Ls 601 ppt 11
This document discusses the ethical challenges of leadership in a global society. It addresses several topics:
- The dark side of globalization and how global capitalism can encourage greed over concern for others.
- Cultural differences in values between societies and how values are programmed differently based on factors like power distance, individualism, and uncertainty avoidance.
- Frameworks for understanding moral diversity across cultures, such as Haidt's five foundations of morality and approaches for finding common ethical ground globally.
- Guidelines leaders can use to make ethical choices in culturally diverse settings, such as the Integrative Social Contracts Theory and the six questions proposed by Hamilton, Knouse, and Hill.
The document also presents two
510 presentation
This document discusses the social ecological model as it relates to physical fitness and activity. It explains that the individual component is the most influential as it involves psychological factors like interests, needs, desires, and internal/external barriers. Personal factors that influence physical activity for an individual include age, sex, education, abilities, attitudes, motivation, and self-efficacy. Changing an individual's skills, knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and self-efficacy can impact their physical activity levels. Interventions should focus on making these personal changes.
Ls 601 ppt 8
This document summarizes several normative leadership theories including transformational leadership, transactional leadership, servant leadership, authentic leadership, aesthetic leadership, responsible leadership, and Taoism. Transformational leadership focuses on promoting the interests of followers and driving change through inspiration. Transactional leadership emphasizes rewards and consequences. Servant leadership prioritizes putting followers' needs above leaders' own needs. Authentic leadership centers on being true to oneself and one's values. Aesthetic leadership considers the sensory and emotional aspects of leadership. Responsible leadership aims to create sustainable value and positive change through moral principles. Taoism teaches leading through humility, weakness, and following natural forces or the Tao.
Ls 601 ppt 1
This chapter discusses the dark side of leadership and how leaders can either positively or negatively impact followers. It introduces different types of unethical leadership behaviors such as incompetence, rigidity, lack of self-control, callousness, corruption, insularity, and evil. Leaders may cast shadows by abusing power, hoarding privileges, mismanaging information, acting inconsistently, misplacing or breaking loyalties, and failing to accept responsibility. The chapter examines how power can enable abuse and biased decision-making if not used carefully and for the right purposes.
Ls 601 ppt 10
Leaders play a key role in establishing an ethical organizational climate. They should lead by example and serve as role models for ethical behavior. An ethical climate is marked by integrity, justice, trust, and concern for both means and ends. Leaders implement tools like core values, codes of ethics, training, and socialization to reinforce ethical norms.
Ls 601 ppt 3
This chapter discusses the importance of a leader's character and inner virtues. It addresses how leaders can develop virtues like courage, temperance, wisdom, justice, optimism, integrity, humility and compassion. These virtues are qualities that help leaders make good moral decisions and live better lives. The chapter also examines how leaders can cultivate strong character through finding role models, learning from hardships, developing good habits, creating a clear mission statement and identifying their core values. It includes case studies that illustrate leaders who have strengthened their character.
Understanding the individual
Individuals are attracted to groups for various reasons related to the group's activities, goals, and membership. People may join groups because they enjoy the same activities as other members or are interested in the group's goals. Some individuals are motivated to join a group simply for the prestige of membership. Additional factors that shape individual behavior in groups include culture, gender, sexual orientation, and disabilities. An individual's self-concept and perception of their role in a group impacts how they interact with and relate to other members. Cultural dimensions like individualism versus collectivism also influence group dynamics and decision making approaches.
Organizational Behaviour
This document discusses group behavior in organizations. It defines groups as two or more individuals interacting and interdependent to achieve objectives. Groups are classified as formal, defined by an organization's structure, or informal, which form spontaneously through interactions. People join groups for affiliation, status, goal achievement, security, and self-esteem. Groups go through forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning stages of development. Key group properties include roles, norms, status, size, and cohesiveness.
Ls 601 ppt 7
This chapter examines the ethical issues surrounding how leaders exercise influence through compliance gaining, communicating expectations, argumentation, and negotiation. It discusses Yukl's 11 influence tactics, Kassing's 5 worker dissent strategies, and the Pygmalion and Golem effects on expectations. Leaders must communicate expectations through climate, feedback, input and output. Effective argumentation relies on stating issues propositionally, inventing arguments, and managing interpersonal relations. Principled negotiation focuses on interests, mutual gain, and objective criteria. The chapter also discusses resisting influence through reciprocation, consistency, social proof, liking, authority and scarcity.
Need for power
Need for power is defined as the desire to control or influence others.
It is not necessarily associated with actually having power, but instead with the desire to have power.
In 1933, Murray defined basic human needs and were seen as directing behavior . Varied from people to people based on individual's importance
Three Fundamental Social Motives
Need for power (also called power motivation)
Need for achievement and
Need for affiliation.
Behaviors Associated with Need for Power(Forms of exerting Power)
Use of physical or psychological aggression to force others to comply with what one wants from them.
Gaining a reputation as an important person.
Trying to affect the emotions of others e.g.by telling jokes, or by a musical or dramatic performance.
Providing (often unsolicited) advice or help.
Social Psychology
Social psychology is defined as the study of how individuals think, feel, and behave in relation to other people and social situations. It examines three main areas: social thinking (attitudes, attributions), social influence (conformity, obedience), and social interaction (relationships). Social psychology can be applied in various domains to improve motivation, leadership skills, communication abilities, decision making, memory, productivity, health, and more. It provides insights into social influence, cognition, and interaction that are useful for understanding human behavior.
Leadership
This document discusses leadership styles and factors that influence leadership emergence. It describes six common leadership styles: autocratic, democratic, laissez-faire, task-oriented, relationship-oriented, and paternalistic. It also lists 12 factors that are associated with leadership emergence, such as assertiveness, authenticity, big five personality traits, birth order, character strengths, dominance, emotional intelligence, intelligence, narcissism, self-efficacy, self-monitoring, and social motivation.
[Behav. sci] conflict resolution by SIMS Lahore
Conflicts arise when there is poor communication, dissatisfaction with leadership or management style, or a lack of openness. Conflicts can divert attention from main activities, undermine morale, polarize groups, reduce cooperation, and sharpen differences. However, conflicts can also be productive when issues and problems are clarified to build cooperation through learning more about each other. Common causes of conflict in health settings include unmet needs or wants, tested values, questioned perceptions, assumptions, minimal knowledge, too high expectations, and personality or social class differences. Methods of conflict resolution include meeting conflicts head on, setting win-win goals, allowing free communication, being honest about concerns early, agreeing to disagree, aiming for group satisfaction, and openly discussing differences
Motivation- A psychological perspective
This document discusses different theories of motivation, including instinct approaches, drive-reduction approaches, arousal approaches, incentive approaches, and Maslow's hierarchy of needs. It addresses biological, cognitive, and social factors that energize behavior. Theories discussed include seeking to fulfill needs, maintaining an optimal level of arousal, desiring external rewards, and ordering needs from basic physiological ones to higher-level needs for esteem and self-actualization.
Chapter 11 Ppp
Social psychology studies how people think, feel and behave in social situations. There are two main areas of study: social cognition, how people make sense of their social environment, and social influence, how behavior is affected by situations and other people. Some key topics in social psychology include social perception, attitudes, stereotypes, prejudice, conformity and obedience.
13 psych 200 social psychology
This document discusses key concepts in social psychology including attitudes, social perception, social influence, and group behavior. It defines social psychology and explores how attitudes are formed and changed. Factors that shape social perception like attribution theory and biases are addressed. Phenomena like conformity, obedience, deindividuation, and the bystander effect are examined in the context of social influence. Group processes such as social facilitation, decision making, and groupthink are also summarized.
Social psychology
This document provides an overview of key concepts in social psychology. It defines social psychology as the scientific study of how individuals' thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by real, imagined, or implied social contexts. Some key topics covered include social influence, conformity, compliance, social norms, and research studies such as Asch's conformity experiments and Milgram's obedience studies. The document discusses how social factors like group pressure, authority, and reciprocity can influence individual attitudes and behaviors. In summary, it introduces social psychology concepts relating to how social environments and other people shape individual cognition, interaction, and performance.
Social Psychology
Social psychology examines how individuals are influenced by and influence others. Key topics include social influence, norms, attitudes, stereotypes, conformity, obedience, and persuasion. Important concepts are social learning theory, attribution biases like the fundamental attribution error, and interpersonal attraction factors like similarity, proximity, and self-disclosure.
Social psychology
Social psychology is the scientific study of how people's thoughts, feelings and behaviors are influenced by others. Attitudes are learned evaluations of people, objects or ideas that influence thoughts and actions. Attitudes have cognitive, affective and behavioral components and are formed through social learning, comparison, experiences and potentially genetics. Attitudes can change through persuasion using communicators, messages, audiences and channels of communication. Various scales have been developed to measure attitudes, including Likert scales, Thurstone scales and Bogardus social distance scales. Group dynamics, conformity, cohesiveness and leadership are also areas of study in social psychology.
Work Ethic and Four combination of Socialization and Individualization
This document discusses work ethic and the combination of socialization and individualization. It defines work ethic as a set of moral principles used in one's job that provides self-respect and fulfillment. Characteristics of strong work ethic include attendance, productivity, cooperation and respect. The document also discusses how socialization is the process of learning social group habits and beliefs, while individualization distinguishes individuals. There are four combinations of socialization and individualization: isolation, rebellion, conformity, and creative individualism.
What's hot (20)
Work Ethic and Four combination of Socialization and Individualization
Work Ethic and Four combination of Socialization and Individualization
Viewers also liked
SlideShare - Managing Change - The Achilles Heel of Content - Katrina Neal
1) Managing change is one of the biggest challenges for content marketing and the top mistakes include not getting executive buy-in, thinking a content platform alone is enough, and forgetting about internal marketing.
2) Successful change management requires considering people, processes, and technology together and understanding different reactions to new workflows.
3) Leading change takes understanding stakeholders' needs, communicating a clear vision, addressing culture, and creating short-term wins to build momentum. Change is as much about people as it is strategy.
Individual and group decision making
This document discusses individual and group decision making. It provides details on the 8 steps of the individual decision making process: 1) define the problem, 2) identify decision criteria, 3) allocate weights to criteria, 4) develop alternatives, 5) evaluate alternatives, 6) select best alternative, 7) implement alternative, and 8) evaluate decision. It also discusses various techniques for group decision making, including brainstorming, nominal group technique, Delphi technique, electronic meetings, fish bowling, and interacting groups.
Goals Of Software Design - The main goals
This presentation discusses the main goals of software design - flexibility, extensibility, and maintainability
Social Loaf - Why performance management is very important
This is just a summary from http://blogs.hbr.org/2012/08/why-less-is-more-in-teams/ . All credits goes to Mark De Ron for his great article.
On this Slide you will find why Performance Management is one of the most important thing for growing company. Teamwork is not automatically done, especially for self-managed team.
Mark's article help me a lot to understand about this phenomenon, i hope it will help you also.
Enjoy this simple slide. My first ever upload.
Chapter 18 (social psych)
This document provides an overview of key topics in social psychology, including social thinking, attribution, attitudes, social influence, conformity and obedience, group influence, social relations, prejudice, aggression, conflict, attraction, altruism, and peacemaking. It discusses concepts like the fundamental attribution error, cognitive dissonance, social facilitation, deindividuation, group polarization, and romantic love. Experimental studies are summarized, such as Milgram's obedience study, Zimbardo's prison experiment, and research on conformity and prejudice.
Leadership and Decision Making
Leadership is defined as guiding followers towards a vision or goals. There are different types of leaders such as thought leaders who help followers envision new possibilities, courage leaders who act despite fear, and inspirational leaders. Decision making involves selecting an option from available choices and can be programmed, like routine employee promotions, or unprogrammed, which are unique situations without ready solutions.
Group decision making
This document outlines objectives and content for a lesson on group decision making. The objectives include differentiating between individual and group decision making, explaining the group decision making process, discussing effective group leaders, and listing advantages and disadvantages of group decisions. The content outline covers defining groups and decisions, comparing individual and group processes, group formation stages, characteristics of effective groups and leaders, and approaches to group decisions like consensus, negotiation and voting. It also addresses conditions that can foster groupthink and how to avoid it.
Software Architecture: Test Case Writing
The document discusses architectural test case writing. It begins by covering software development methodologies like waterfall and iterative models. It then discusses software testing, particularly architectural testing. Key aspects of architectural test cases are described such as using quality attributes to derive scenarios and test cases. An example scenario and test case template are provided. The document emphasizes that architectural test cases should validate quality attributes and non-functional requirements.
5 software design
This document discusses software design principles and processes. It describes key stages of design like problem understanding, identifying solutions, and describing solution abstractions. The design process involves phases like architectural design, interface design, and algorithm design. Good design principles include having linguistic modular units, few interfaces with loose coupling between modules, explicit interfaces, and information hiding. Top-down design and stepwise refinement are common design methods. Cohesion and coupling are important attributes of modular design.
Decision making by individual and group
The document discusses several techniques for group decision making including nominal group think, Delphi technique, and stepladder technique which aim to generate ideas from all group members without direct interaction, paired comparison analysis and grid analysis to evaluate options based on weighted factors, and plus/minus/interesting and six thinking hats to analyze decisions from different perspectives. It also analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of different methods for making decisions by authority, experts, averaging opinions, or minority rule.
Software design methodologies
The document discusses various software development methodologies and life cycle models that have been used since the 1950s. It provides detailed descriptions of the waterfall model, spiral model, evolutionary prototyping, and staged delivery approaches. Each methodology takes different approaches to requirements analysis, design, development, testing, and deployment. The document emphasizes the importance of choosing a life cycle model that fits the needs of the specific project.
Decision making
The document discusses various aspects of decision making including:
1) It describes the phases of the decision making process as identification, development and selection.
2) It discusses different models of decision making such as rational, social, bounded rationality and judgment heuristics models.
3) Factors that influence decision making include technology, culture, and ethics. Cultural factors and ethical issues can impact which problems are addressed and how decisions are made.
Decision Making Process
1) The document discusses the steps of the decision making process which includes identifying the problem, criteria, weighting criteria, developing alternatives, analyzing alternatives, selecting the best alternative, implementing it, and evaluating.
2) It provides an example of getting a job in a school and lists the relevant criteria as salary, opportunity to progress, job environment, incentives, facilities, job security, location, and timings.
3) The alternatives provided are jobs at Unique, American Lycetuff, LDA, Allied, and Cathedral schools. Each alternative is then analyzed and weighted against the criteria to select the best option.
Software design
The document discusses the software design process. It begins by explaining that software design is an iterative process that translates requirements into a blueprint for constructing the software. It then describes the main steps and outputs of the design process, which include transforming specifications into design models, reviewing designs for quality, and producing a design document. The document also covers key concepts in software design like abstraction, architecture, patterns, modularity, and information hiding.
Decision making
The document discusses various aspects of decision making. It defines decision making as choosing one alternative from among options. It describes the decision making process as recognizing the need for a decision, identifying alternatives, choosing the best option, and implementing it. Decision making can occur under certainty, risk, or uncertainty. Rational models of decision making propose a logical, step-by-step process while behavioral models recognize limitations and biases that influence decisions. Political forces, intuition, escalation of commitment, risk tolerance, and ethics also shape organizational decision making.
Viewers also liked (15)
SlideShare - Managing Change - The Achilles Heel of Content - Katrina Neal
SlideShare - Managing Change - The Achilles Heel of Content - Katrina Neal
Social Loaf - Why performance management is very important
Social Loaf - Why performance management is very important
Similar to OB[1]
Decision making
The document discusses different types of decision making including individual and group decision making. It notes that individual decision making is done alone based on one's own abilities and factors like personality, emotions, and perceptions, while group decision making involves consensus among members. However, group decisions can be impacted by issues like social pressure, compromise on quality, and phenomena like groupthink, where the desire for harmony overrides objectively evaluating alternatives.
The Art & Psychology Of Working Together
The document discusses the benefits of teamwork, including combining resources, dividing responsibilities, and greater accomplishments and survival rates. It outlines the stages of team formation from forming to storming to norming to performing. It also discusses challenges that can arise in teams like groupthink, social loafing, self-serving bias, and solutions like emphasizing honesty, empathy, interpersonal skills, and leadership lessons around harmonizing, encouraging, and gatekeeping. The overall goal is collaborative work to solve problems through team incubation, research, information sharing, and development.
Group and teams,
The document discusses various topics related to groups and teams, including:
- Defining groups as two or more individuals interacting to achieve objectives.
- Classifying groups as formal, informal, task, interest, and friendship groups.
- The five stages of group development: forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning.
- Factors that influence group effectiveness such as tasks, structure, composition, and processes.
- Techniques for group decision making including brainstorming, nominal group technique, and Delphi technique.
- Distinguishing characteristics of work groups and work teams.
- Different types of teams like problem-solving, self-managed, cross-functional,
S2 group dynamics
The document discusses group dynamics and the group development process. It describes how groups form and the stages of development, including initially coming together, forming subgroups, focusing on tasks, and fully functioning as a cohesive unit. Effective group facilitation is also discussed, including understanding group dynamics by diagnosing issues, being self-aware, and knowing how to facilitate the group process. Key aspects that can affect group functioning are participation, communication, problem-solving, and leadership.
Intrapersonal and group communication
This document provides an outline on the topic of intrapersonal communication. It begins with defining intrapersonal communication as communication that occurs within a single person for purposes such as clarifying ideas, analyzing situations, and self-reflection. It then discusses aspects of intrapersonal communication including self-concept, perception, and expectations. Self-concept is determined by beliefs, values, attitudes and influences how one sees themselves. Perception looks outward and involves assigning meaning based on beliefs. Expectations deal with future roles. The document also outlines the merits of intrapersonal communication such as self-awareness and independence, as well as potential demerits like introversion and overthinking.
Group dynamics
Group can be defined as two or more individuals who interact and share a common identity. A group has a formal social structure and interdependence among its members. Group dynamics is the study of how groups interact and function. It considers both formally structured and informal groups. Understanding group dynamics is important as it improves communication, develops leadership skills, and allows members to accomplish shared goals through cooperation. There are various roles that group members take on, including task roles like initiating ideas or seeking information, and maintenance roles like encouraging others or resolving disagreements. Group dynamics applies to workgroups, therapy, and virtual communities.
Group dynamics
Group dynamics refers to the attitudes and behaviors of groups. There are various types of groups that people join for reasons like security, status, and goal achievement. Groups develop through stages according to theories of formation. They have structures including roles, norms, status, size, cohesiveness, and diversity that impact decision making. Techniques like interacting, brainstorming, and nominal groups can be used for effective and unbiased group decisions.
Groupthink and its impact on decision making
The document discusses group decision making and the potential for groupthink. It presents Janis's model of groupthink which identifies antecedent conditions like cohesiveness and situational context that can lead to concurrence seeking and poor decisions. The model outlines how groups exhibiting symptoms like illusion of invulnerability and collective rationalization can arrive at defective decisions. The document also discusses techniques to improve group decision making like brainstorming, dialectical inquiry, and the devil's advocate method.
Group Decision Making
This document discusses group decision making, including its strengths and weaknesses. It examines techniques for group decision making like brainstorming, nominal group technique, and electronic meetings. It also covers the concepts of groupthink and group shift. Groupthink occurs when group pressures lead to deteriorating judgment, testing of ideas against external standards, and ethical decision making. It can result in irrational and dehumanizing actions. Group shift is when group discussions cause members to take more extreme positions than they initially held individually.
Formal and informal groups
This document discusses group dynamics and techniques for effective group decision making. It describes key concepts in group dynamics including formal vs informal groups, task vs social leadership roles, and influences of group size and composition. Techniques for structured group decision making are explored, such as brainstorming, nominal groups, Delphi groups, and dialectic decision methods. Potential benefits of group decisions are mentioned along with some weaknesses, including that meetings can be slow, expensive, and prone to "groupthink" where conformity overrides critical thinking.
Groups
The document discusses groups and group psychology. It defines what a group is, describes stages of group development, and discusses advantages and disadvantages of group decision making. It also covers several concepts in group psychology, including cognitive dissonance, social facilitation, social loafing, deindividuation, group polarization, and groupthink. The document provides tips for dealing with conflict within groups, including different conflict styles and a process for finding a resolution.
Issues in Group Decision Making
The document discusses several issues that can arise in group decision making including social loafing, conformity, and groupthink. Social loafing occurs when individuals put in less effort working in a group compared to individually. Conformity is changing one's views to fit the group, which can be informative or normative. Groupthink is a mode of thinking where a cohesive group prioritizes unanimity over evaluating alternatives realistically, which can lead to poor decisions. Factors that can contribute to groupthink are insulation, lack of diversity, strong leadership, and stress.
Module 3: Increasing Engagement
This document discusses strategies for effective communication and engagement in small groups. It begins by explaining that public communication campaigns are often done in small groups, so understanding how to boost engagement in these settings is important. It then discusses characteristics of effective small group members and leadership styles. The document outlines principles of active listening and strategies for establishing culture and decision-making in small groups. Overall, it provides guidance on understanding group dynamics, roles, and functions to improve performance in public communication campaigns.
Pa685 m3 ppt_alternate
This document discusses strategies for effective communication and engagement in small groups. It begins by explaining that public communication campaigns are often done in small groups, so understanding how to boost engagement in these settings is important. It then discusses characteristics of effective small group members and leadership styles. The document outlines principles of active listening and strategies for establishing culture and decision-making in small groups. Overall, it provides guidance on understanding group dynamics, roles, and functions to improve performance in public communication campaigns.
’’GROUP DECISION MAKING ’’
Group decision making involves making choices collectively from alternatives. It can be more effective than individual decisions but also prone to flaws. Some techniques for group decision making include brainstorming, nominal group technique, and Delphi technique. While group decisions benefit from shared information and synergy, they also risk diffusion of responsibility, lower efficiency, and groupthink. Factors like leadership, personalities, and time constraints can influence group behaviors and decisions.
Types of Groups. Need for formation of Group. Formal group and Informal gro...
Types of Groups.
Need for formation of Group.
Formal group and Informal group.
Stages of Group formation.
Group Norms.
Group Cohesiveness
Group Conflicts
Groups
This document discusses groups and why people join and leave them. It covers characteristics of cohesive groups, roles and norms within groups, and benefits and costs of membership. Reasons for leaving include a change in the group's identity or policies. The presence of others can impact performance through social facilitation or evaluation apprehension. Groups face issues like social loafing, deindividuation, and coordination challenges which can be addressed through commitment and communication. Conflicts arise from opposing interests, poor communication, and inaccurate perceptions, and can be resolved through bargaining, identifying shared goals, and ensuring fair procedures and outcomes. Risks in group decision-making include polarization, groupthink, and failure to share unique information. Techniques like the devil's
Communication and Group Dynamics
The document discusses key concepts related to groups and communication. It defines what a group is and different types of groups. It then covers stages of group development and properties of groups including roles, norms, status, size and cohesiveness. It discusses reasons why people join groups and models of group development. The document also covers group decision making techniques and factors that influence effectiveness. Finally, it discusses concepts related to group dynamics and the communication process within groups.
Business plan on Restaurant
Business plan on Restaurant
in the presentation all detail given so jeep understand what is business plain and how to generate it and ho to make it easily
Similar to OB[1] (20)
Types of Groups. Need for formation of Group. Formal group and Informal gro...
Types of Groups. Need for formation of Group. Formal group and Informal gro...
OB[1]
- 1. Behaviors in Groups 1. Groupthink 2. Group Polarization 3. Social Facilitation 4. Social Loafing
- 2. Groupthink Groupthink is a psychological phenomenon that occurs within a group of people, in which the desire for harmony or conformity in the group results in an irrational or dysfunctional decision-making outcome.
- 3. Causes of Groupthink 1.High group cohesiveness 2.Structural faults: Insulation of the group Lack of impartial leadership Lack of norms requiring methodological procedures Homogeneity of members' social backgrounds and ideology 3.Situational context: Highly stressful external threats Recent failures Excessive difficulties on the decision-making task moral dilemmas
- 4. 3 Ways to Prevent Groupthink??? 1. The task at hand needs to be the driving force, not social harmony - now is not the time to conform. 2. Leaders need to encourage people to share alternative perspectives 3. Put procedures in place to ensure that group members critically evaluate all ideas and gather outside feedback where appropriate
- 5. Group Polarization Group polarization means the tendency for groups to make that are more extreme than the initial inclination of its members. These more extreme decision are towards greater risk if individuals’ initial tendencies are to be risky and towards greater caution if individuals’ initial tendencies are to be cautious.
- 6. Why Group Polarization happens? 1. Majority rule 2. Fitting in 3. Group identity 4. Reason doesn't always help 5. Diversity does
- 7. How to Prevent Group Polarization??? • Allow for minority views • Keep concern for feelings in check • Survey similar organizations for warning signs and potential problems. • Be sure that team members interact with each other, not just the leader or facilitator. • Assemble a diverse group