Implemented in India among all ST/UT s for the control of SIX
vector borne diseases
Started in 2002-2003
1. Malaria
2. Dengue
3. Filariasis
4. Kala azar
5. JE
6. Chikungunya
The Main activities of the programme
1) Formulating policies and guidelines
2) Technical guidance
3) Planning
4) Logistics
5) Monitoring and evaluation
6) Coordination of activities through state/UTs and in consultation with National Centre
for disease control (NCDC),National Institute of Malarial Research (NIMR)
7) Collabaoration with intl agencies
8) Training
9) Facilitating research through NCDC, NIMR, Regional medical research centers
10) Coordinating control activities in the inter-state and inter country border areas.
National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP)Vivek Varat
The National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP) is an umbrella programme for prevention and control of malaria and other vector borne diseases. Under the programme, it is ensured that the disadvantaged and marginalised sections benefit from the delivery of services so that the desired National Health Policy and Rural Health Mission goals are achieved. The Directorate of NVBDCP under the Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, is the nodal agency responsible for planning, coordination, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of NVBDCP programme at all levels.
Epidemiology of Malaria & Dengue_Sagar Parajuli.pptxSagarParajuli9
This presentation is prepared as part of the Course assignment of “Epidemiology of Diseases and Health Problems” for the Master's Degree of Public Health (MPH), Pokhara University and can be used as reference materials. The content and facts included in the presentation are as of information available till December 2022 and no conflict of interest is associated with the presentation. The presentation is prepared by Sagar Parajuli.
National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP)Vivek Varat
The National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP) is an umbrella programme for prevention and control of malaria and other vector borne diseases. Under the programme, it is ensured that the disadvantaged and marginalised sections benefit from the delivery of services so that the desired National Health Policy and Rural Health Mission goals are achieved. The Directorate of NVBDCP under the Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, is the nodal agency responsible for planning, coordination, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of NVBDCP programme at all levels.
Epidemiology of Malaria & Dengue_Sagar Parajuli.pptxSagarParajuli9
This presentation is prepared as part of the Course assignment of “Epidemiology of Diseases and Health Problems” for the Master's Degree of Public Health (MPH), Pokhara University and can be used as reference materials. The content and facts included in the presentation are as of information available till December 2022 and no conflict of interest is associated with the presentation. The presentation is prepared by Sagar Parajuli.
Epidemiological Perspective of Malaria_Sagar Parajuli.pptxSagarParajuli9
This presentation is prepared as part of the Course assignment of “Epidemiology of Diseases and Health Problems” for the Master's Degree of Public Health (MPH), Pokhara University and can be used as reference materials. The content and facts included in the presentation are as of information available till December 2022 and no conflict of interest is associated with the presentation. The presentation is prepared by Sagar Parajuli.
National Vector Borne Disease Control Program.pptxDR.SUMIT SABLE
WELL THIS IS ABOUT VECTOR BORNE DISEASE CONTROL PROGRAMME AND MALERIA IN DEPTH . OVERALL OVERVIEW OF NVBDCP HAS GIVEN AND THEN DETAILS ABOUT MALERIA ARE DISCUSSED AND ALL OTHER DISEASES IN PROGRAMME ARE ALSO COVERED.
Malaria is a life-threatening disease. It’s typically transmitted through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito. Infected mosquitoes carry the Plasmodium parasite. When this mosquito bites you, the parasite is released into your bloodstream.
Once the parasites are inside your body, they travel to the liver, where they mature. After several days, the mature parasites enter the bloodstream and begin to infect red blood cells. Within 48 to 72 hours, the parasites inside the red blood cells multiply, causing the infected cells to burst open.
The parasites continue to infect red blood cells, resulting in symptoms that occur in cycles that last 2 to 3 days at a time.
Primary Health Care to CPHC
Primary care has been very selective in the past, covering less than 20% of primary
health care needs. This has made primary care less responsive to felt health care
needs and created the image of the under-performing system.
Primary Health Care is necessarily comprehensive- addressing primary care for all of
reproductive and child health, communicable, and non-communicable diseases and
accidents and injuries through appropriate health communication, technologies and
care provision.
Comprehensive primary health care package will also include nutrition, geriatric health
care, palliative care and rehabilitative care services.
To denote this important policy change, facilities which start providing the larger
package of comprehensive primary health care will be called Health and Wellness
centers.
Anticipation/prediction
so that epidemics be prevented
e.g. meningitis, measles
2. Early detection
to know when there is a problem
e.g. EWARS
3. Rapid Response
guidelines/trained staff/supplies
in place before epidemic
4. Effective Response
appropriate control methods
adequate resources and logistics
1 Establish Epidemic Committee
2. Set priorities
3. Agree epidemic preparedness plan
4. Implement surveillance
5. Respond rapidly and effectively
Epidemiological Perspective of Malaria_Sagar Parajuli.pptxSagarParajuli9
This presentation is prepared as part of the Course assignment of “Epidemiology of Diseases and Health Problems” for the Master's Degree of Public Health (MPH), Pokhara University and can be used as reference materials. The content and facts included in the presentation are as of information available till December 2022 and no conflict of interest is associated with the presentation. The presentation is prepared by Sagar Parajuli.
National Vector Borne Disease Control Program.pptxDR.SUMIT SABLE
WELL THIS IS ABOUT VECTOR BORNE DISEASE CONTROL PROGRAMME AND MALERIA IN DEPTH . OVERALL OVERVIEW OF NVBDCP HAS GIVEN AND THEN DETAILS ABOUT MALERIA ARE DISCUSSED AND ALL OTHER DISEASES IN PROGRAMME ARE ALSO COVERED.
Malaria is a life-threatening disease. It’s typically transmitted through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito. Infected mosquitoes carry the Plasmodium parasite. When this mosquito bites you, the parasite is released into your bloodstream.
Once the parasites are inside your body, they travel to the liver, where they mature. After several days, the mature parasites enter the bloodstream and begin to infect red blood cells. Within 48 to 72 hours, the parasites inside the red blood cells multiply, causing the infected cells to burst open.
The parasites continue to infect red blood cells, resulting in symptoms that occur in cycles that last 2 to 3 days at a time.
Primary Health Care to CPHC
Primary care has been very selective in the past, covering less than 20% of primary
health care needs. This has made primary care less responsive to felt health care
needs and created the image of the under-performing system.
Primary Health Care is necessarily comprehensive- addressing primary care for all of
reproductive and child health, communicable, and non-communicable diseases and
accidents and injuries through appropriate health communication, technologies and
care provision.
Comprehensive primary health care package will also include nutrition, geriatric health
care, palliative care and rehabilitative care services.
To denote this important policy change, facilities which start providing the larger
package of comprehensive primary health care will be called Health and Wellness
centers.
Anticipation/prediction
so that epidemics be prevented
e.g. meningitis, measles
2. Early detection
to know when there is a problem
e.g. EWARS
3. Rapid Response
guidelines/trained staff/supplies
in place before epidemic
4. Effective Response
appropriate control methods
adequate resources and logistics
1 Establish Epidemic Committee
2. Set priorities
3. Agree epidemic preparedness plan
4. Implement surveillance
5. Respond rapidly and effectively
In India, approximately 25 million people are
presently affected by fluorosis and 66 million
are at risk of developing fluorosis, including
children of age 14 years. India is situated in
the geographical fluoride belt and in areas
where fluoride content is high in rocks or soil,
leaching of fluoride occurs, causing excess
fluoride level in groundwater.
Endemic fluorosis is an important health
problem in some districts in the states of
Andhra Pradesh, Punjab, Karnataka, Tamil
Nadu, Jharkhand and Rajasthan
Fluorosis is a disease caused by the consumption
of excessive amounts of mineral fluorine for long
periods. Fluorine is essential for the development
and maintenance of normal bones and teeth.
However, if it is consumed in excessive amounts
it leads to fluorosis
Iodine is an essential micronutrient required daily at
100-150 micrograms for normal human growth
and development. Deficiency of iodine can cause
physical and mental retardation, cretinism,
abortions, stillbirth, deaf mutism, squint & various
types of goiter.
As per the surveys conducted by the Directorate
General of Health Services, Indian Council of
Medical Research, Health Institutions and the
State Health Directorates, it has been found that
out of 414 districts surveyed in all the 29 States
and 7 UTs, 337 districts are endemic i.e where
the prevalence of Iodine Deficiency Disorders
(IDDs) is more than 5% (Annexure-I).
NLEP is a centrally sponsored public health programme of
GOI
• It has evolved over a period of time with remarkable changes
from NLCP to NLEP
• Various milestones are there in the programme to reach the
ultimate goal of leprosy free India
• Multiple stakeholders in the programme
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair A New Horizon in Nephrology.pptxR3 Stem Cell
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair: A New Horizon in Nephrology" explores groundbreaking advancements in the use of R3 stem cells for kidney disease treatment. This insightful piece delves into the potential of these cells to regenerate damaged kidney tissue, offering new hope for patients and reshaping the future of nephrology.
We understand the unique challenges pickleball players face and are committed to helping you stay healthy and active. In this presentation, we’ll explore the three most common pickleball injuries and provide strategies for prevention and treatment.
Telehealth Psychology Building Trust with Clients.pptxThe Harvest Clinic
Telehealth psychology is a digital approach that offers psychological services and mental health care to clients remotely, using technologies like video conferencing, phone calls, text messaging, and mobile apps for communication.
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, holds immense potential to reshape medicine, agriculture, and our understanding of life. But like any powerful tool, it comes with ethical considerations.
Unveiling CRISPR: This naturally occurring bacterial defense system (crRNA & Cas9 protein) fights viruses. Scientists repurposed it for precise gene editing (correction, deletion, insertion) by targeting specific DNA sequences.
The Promise: CRISPR offers exciting possibilities:
Gene Therapy: Correcting genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis.
Agriculture: Engineering crops resistant to pests and harsh environments.
Research: Studying gene function to unlock new knowledge.
The Peril: Ethical concerns demand attention:
Off-target Effects: Unintended DNA edits can have unforeseen consequences.
Eugenics: Misusing CRISPR for designer babies raises social and ethical questions.
Equity: High costs could limit access to this potentially life-saving technology.
The Path Forward: Responsible development is crucial:
International Collaboration: Clear guidelines are needed for research and human trials.
Public Education: Open discussions ensure informed decisions about CRISPR.
Prioritize Safety and Ethics: Safety and ethical principles must be paramount.
CRISPR offers a powerful tool for a better future, but responsible development and addressing ethical concerns are essential. By prioritizing safety, fostering open dialogue, and ensuring equitable access, we can harness CRISPR's power for the benefit of all. (2998 characters)
Navigating the Health Insurance Market_ Understanding Trends and Options.pdfEnterprise Wired
From navigating policy options to staying informed about industry trends, this comprehensive guide explores everything you need to know about the health insurance market.
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2. NVBDCP: Introduction
Implemented in India among all ST/UT s for the control of SIX
vector borne diseases
Started in 2002-2003
1. Malaria
2. Dengue
3. Filariasis
4. Kala azar
5. JE
6. Chikungunya
3.
4. MALARIA
Malaria is a potentially life threatening parasitic disease caused by parasites known as
Plasmodium viviax (P.vivax), Plasmodium falciparum (P.falciparum), Plasmodium
malariae (P.malariae) and Plasmodium ovale (P.ovale)
It is transmitted by the infective bite of Anopheles mosquito
Man develops disease after 10 to 14 days of being bitten by an infective mosquito
There are two types of parasites of human malaria, Plasmodium vivax, P. falciparum,
which are commonly reported from India.
Inside the human host, the parasite undergoes a series of changes as part of its
complex life cycle. (Plasmodium is a protozoan parasite)
The parasite completes life cycle in liver cells (pre-erythrocytic schizogony) and red
blood cells (erythrocytic schizogony
Infection with P.falciparum is the most deadly form of malaria
5.
6.
7. The Main activities of the programme
1) Formulating policies and guidelines
2) Technical guidance
3) Planning
4) Logistics
5) Monitoring and evaluation
6) Coordination of activities through state/UTs and in consultation with National Centre
for disease control (NCDC),National Institute of Malarial Research (NIMR)
7) Collabaoration with intl agencies
8) Training
9) Facilitating research through NCDC, NIMR, Regional medical research centers
10) Coordinating control activities in the inter-state and inter country border areas.
8.
9.
10. vbd control division, SPO-
- responsible for procurement insecticides, IRS , Spray equipment, DDT, Larvicides
vbdc Society
- chanelising funds
Division:
seniour divisional officers---Technical & administrative role
Districts: CMO/DHO---- key unit for planning and monitoring of programme
- Spray operations are direct responsibility of DMO/DVBDCO
--AMO & MI
PHC- MO PHC ---- Spraying, lab, surveillance
MPW, CHW, ASHA- case detection , management
11. Drug Distribution Centre (DDC)
If it is not possible to have FTD, the medical officer should establish DDC.
The function of DDCs are the same as those of FTDs, except that the DDcs do not
take blood slides but administer drugs to fever cases.
Volunteers identified for running DDCs should be imported one-two day
induction/ orientation training in identification of fever cases, administration of
treatment, promotion of preventive measures like distribution & impregnation of
bed nets, larvivorous fish, source reduction etc. for vector control.
12. Urban Malaria Scheme (UMS)
1971
7 % cases , 10 % deaths from urabn areas
MAN MADE SOURCES
Strategy: intensified vector control by antilarval measures & treatment
: implementation of civic by laws
In this scheme all the towns having more than 50,000 population and showing
more than 2 API in last 3 years are to be covered. At present 131 towns and cities
in 19 states and union territories are under the UMS.
16. Milestones and Targets
By the end of 2016
All States and UTs have included malaria elimination in their broader health policies and
planning framework
By 2020
All 15 States/UTs that were under category 1 (elimination phase) in 2014 have
completely interrupted malaria transmission and achieved zero indigenous cases and
deaths due to malaria;
All 11 States/UTs under category 2 (pre-elimination phase) in 2014 have entered into
category 1 (elimination phase);
5 States/UTs under category 3 (intensified control phase) in 2014 have entered into
category 2 (pre-elimination phase);
5 States/UTs under category 3 (intensified control phase) in 2014 have reduced disease
burden but continue to remain in category 3; and
Estimated malaria burden at national level has reduced by 15-20% as compared to
2014.
17. By 2022
All 26 States/UTs that were under categories 1 and 2 in 2014 have interrupted
malaria transmission and achieved zero indigenous cases and deaths due to
malaria;
5 States/UTs which were under category 3 (intensified control phase) in 2014 have
entered into category 1 (elimination phase);
5 States/UTs which were under category 3 (intensified control phase) in 2014 have
entered into category 2 (pre-elimination phase); and
Estimated malaria burden at national level has reduced by 30-35% as compared to
2014.
18. By 2024
All States and UTs and their districts have reduced API to less than 1 case per 1000
population at risk, sustain zero deaths due to malaria and establish fully functional
malaria surveillance to track, investigate and respond to each case.
31 States/UTs have interrupted transmission of malaria and zero indigenous cases
and deaths attained.
5 States/UTs which were under Category 3 (intensified control phase) in 2014
have entered into elimination phase.
19. By 2027
Indigenous transmission of malaria interrupted, and the entire country has no
indigenous cases and no deaths due to malaria
By 2030
The entire country sustained status of zero indigenous cases and deaths due to
malaria for 3 consecutive years; and India has initiated the processes for
certification of malaria elimination status
20. Special mentions
Focus on High-Endemic Areas and Tribal Population
Special Strategy for P. vivax Elimination
District as the Unit of Planning and Implementation
21. STRATEGY
broad strategies of the malaria elimination framework are:
Early diagnosis and radical treatment
Case-based surveillance and rapid response
Integrated vector management (IVM)
• Indoor residual spray (IRS)
• Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) / Insecticide treated bed nets (ITNs)
• Larval source management (LSM)
Epidemic preparedness and early response
Monitoring and evaluation
Advocacy, coordination and partnerships
Behaviour change communication and community mobilization
Programme planning and management
22. Category 3 (Intensified control phase: States/UTs with API ≥ 1)
1. Massive scaling up
2. Screening
3. Intersectoral coordination, special groups
4. One stop centers/ mobile clinics
5. Referral treatment
6. Diagnostics
7. Equipments,injectables
23. Category 2 (Pre-elimination phase: States/UTs with API < 1, but some of their districts
reporting API ≥ 1)
The states/UTs in pre-elimination phase are those close to entering the elimination
phase. Therefore, malaria elimination interventions will be introduced with
particular focus on setting up an elimination surveillance system and initiating
elimination phase activities in those districts where the API has been reduced to
less than 1 case per 1000 population at risk per year. The planning of elimination
measures will be based on epidemiological investigation and classification of each
malaria case and focus.
24. Category 1 (Elimination phase: States/UTs with API < 1, and all their districts reporting
API < 1)
1. Interruption of local foci
2. Notification
3. Case based surveillance
4. Vector control
5. EDRT
6. STATE LEVEL DATA
7. Prevention, detection of malaria in migrant/ mobile population
8. Epidemic forecasting
9. Quality assurance
25. Surveillance
ongoing, systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of disease-specific data for
use in planning, implementing and evaluating the public health practice.
ACD
PCD
Case based surveillance
sentinel
26. Case management
IVM
Malaria paradigm/ecosystems
BCC
Anti malaria month
Interaction with other health programs_ IDSP,RCH,Other vbds
Funds- GF IMCP II,WORD BANK
27.
28. Category 0 (Prevention of Re-establishment Phase)
Detect
Notify
Underlying cause
Cure
Prevent
maintain