1. The document discusses the role of nutritional supplementation during pregnancy in India, where undernutrition and overnutrition both remain issues.
2. It explores whether the typical Indian diet meets recommended daily allowance of nutrients, and whether food production and distribution are adequate and balanced.
3. Key topics covered include fetal programming and the effects of maternal nutrition on long-term health outcomes, recommended calorie and protein intake during pregnancy and lactation, and the impact of different types of nutrients and diets on fetal development.
I believe pregnancy is a long and difficult process for every mum in the world. Through a better diet planning for pregnant women, they can have a healthier body to welcome their beloved baby.
Role of Calcium in pregnancy DR. SHARDA JAIN Dr. Jyoti Agarwal Dr. Rashmi Jai...Lifecare Centre
ROLE OF CALCIUM IN PREGNANCY
FOCUS :
Daily requirement of calcium according to age
Calcium metabolism in pregnancy
Calcium requirement in pregnancy
Maternal benefits
Fetal benefits
Reduction in blood lead levels
Nutrition to improve calcium
Guidelines about dietary calcium intake / supplements in pregnancy
I believe pregnancy is a long and difficult process for every mum in the world. Through a better diet planning for pregnant women, they can have a healthier body to welcome their beloved baby.
Role of Calcium in pregnancy DR. SHARDA JAIN Dr. Jyoti Agarwal Dr. Rashmi Jai...Lifecare Centre
ROLE OF CALCIUM IN PREGNANCY
FOCUS :
Daily requirement of calcium according to age
Calcium metabolism in pregnancy
Calcium requirement in pregnancy
Maternal benefits
Fetal benefits
Reduction in blood lead levels
Nutrition to improve calcium
Guidelines about dietary calcium intake / supplements in pregnancy
Daily oral iron supplementation during pregnancy: What's the evidence? Health Evidence™
Health Evidence hosted a 90 minute webinar examining the effectiveness daily oral iron supplementation during pregnancy. Click here for access to the audio recording for this webinar: https://youtu.be/ra2TsIl_UjI
Dr. Luz Maria De-Regil, Director of Research and Evaluation at the Micronutrient Initiative, led the session and will present findings from her latest Cochrane review:
Peña-Rosas J.P., De-Regil L.M., Garcia-Casal M.N., & Dowswell T. (2015). Daily oral iron supplementation during pregnancy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2015(7), CD004736.
During pregnancy, women need iron and folate to meet both their own needs and those of the developing baby. Iron and folic acid supplementation is thought to improve iron stores, prevent anaemia, and improve maternal and birth outcomes. This Cochrane review examines the effectiveness of daily iron supplements for pregnant women, either alone or in conjunction with folic acid, or with other vitamins and minerals as a public health intervention in antenatal care. 61 randomised trials (44 trials involving 43, 274 pregnant women included in the analysis) compared the effects of daily oral supplements containing iron versus no iron or placebo. Preventative iron supplements reduce maternal anaemia at term by 70% (RR 0.30; 95% CI 0.19 to 0.46) and reduce preterm babies (RR 0.93; 95% CI 0.84 to 1.03). This webinar provided an overview of the effectiveness of daily oral iron supplementation on various maternal health and infant outcomes, and explored implementation recommendations.
breast feeding problems can be easily tackled by obstetricians provided they make conscious efforts to look into the problem,they can create awareness among the paramedical people who are under their direct control
This ppt was made by my friend Svenia & I. It is a summary of the journal on 'Influence of mineral and vitamin supplements on pregnancy outcome'.
Hope it helps.
Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation in PregnancySujoy Dasgupta
lectured delivered by Dr Sujoy Dasgupta in the CME on "High Risk Pregnancy" organized by the BOGS (Bengal Obettric snd Gynaecological Society) and Wanburry Pharma
Daily oral iron supplementation during pregnancy: What's the evidence? Health Evidence™
Health Evidence hosted a 90 minute webinar examining the effectiveness daily oral iron supplementation during pregnancy. Click here for access to the audio recording for this webinar: https://youtu.be/ra2TsIl_UjI
Dr. Luz Maria De-Regil, Director of Research and Evaluation at the Micronutrient Initiative, led the session and will present findings from her latest Cochrane review:
Peña-Rosas J.P., De-Regil L.M., Garcia-Casal M.N., & Dowswell T. (2015). Daily oral iron supplementation during pregnancy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2015(7), CD004736.
During pregnancy, women need iron and folate to meet both their own needs and those of the developing baby. Iron and folic acid supplementation is thought to improve iron stores, prevent anaemia, and improve maternal and birth outcomes. This Cochrane review examines the effectiveness of daily iron supplements for pregnant women, either alone or in conjunction with folic acid, or with other vitamins and minerals as a public health intervention in antenatal care. 61 randomised trials (44 trials involving 43, 274 pregnant women included in the analysis) compared the effects of daily oral supplements containing iron versus no iron or placebo. Preventative iron supplements reduce maternal anaemia at term by 70% (RR 0.30; 95% CI 0.19 to 0.46) and reduce preterm babies (RR 0.93; 95% CI 0.84 to 1.03). This webinar provided an overview of the effectiveness of daily oral iron supplementation on various maternal health and infant outcomes, and explored implementation recommendations.
breast feeding problems can be easily tackled by obstetricians provided they make conscious efforts to look into the problem,they can create awareness among the paramedical people who are under their direct control
This ppt was made by my friend Svenia & I. It is a summary of the journal on 'Influence of mineral and vitamin supplements on pregnancy outcome'.
Hope it helps.
Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation in PregnancySujoy Dasgupta
lectured delivered by Dr Sujoy Dasgupta in the CME on "High Risk Pregnancy" organized by the BOGS (Bengal Obettric snd Gynaecological Society) and Wanburry Pharma
The human body cannot make protein from carbohydrate or fat. So, we must eat adequate protein everyday.
Protein intake of both quantity and quality, during the first 2 years of life has important effects on growth, neurodevelopment, and long-term health.
In early life, the diet of children and adolescents is characterized by a higher protein intake than recommended.
Included mico, macro nutrients: daily requirements of all for adults as well as children.Also covered deficiencies related to same and their management
Abstract: Good nutrition is important for all New Zealanders, but it assumes an even greater Importance for women when they are pregnant or breastfeeding their infant. Pregnancy is a time when nutritional needs are higher, and meeting those needs has a positive effect on the health of both the mother and her unborn baby. The effects of nutrition while the foetus is developing during pregnancy last for a lifetime, and we want to see children inherit a legacy of good health for the future. We also want to see women enjoying a healthy pregnancy without the negative effects of poor nutrition on their health, and in the best possible nutritional state to support breastfeeding. Breastfeeding is the best and safest way to feed infants, and women and families need to be given all the advice and support possible to assist them in establishing and continuing breastfeeding for at least the first six months of the infant’s life.
This paper brings together all the key areas of food and nutrition affecting the health of pregnant and breastfeeding women. It is intended that health practitioners ,educators and caregivers will use this paper and the accompanying health education booklets, Eating for Healthy Pregnant Women and Eating for Healthy Breastfeeding Women, to provide sound advice and support to pregnant and breastfeeding women and their families to achieve a healthy lifestyle.
breech delivery is a vanishing art. Fast tracked TBT trial publication made majority to embrace lscs for breech presentation. Lack of confidence, skill deficit and lack of training during residency further complicated the issue.
treating anemia is a big challenge.oral iron therapy do not adequately treat IDA. IV ferric carboxy maltose (FCM)effectively treats IDA by circumventing the problem compliance of oral iron therapy.
female Genital tuberculosis,TB-PCR, female infertility, veerendrakumar cm
female genital TB poses stiffest challenge in the diagnosis, rapid molecular techniques have helped in arriving at a definitive diagnosis in suspicious clinical setting
prophylactic encerclage for multiple pregnancy is always debated.in this presentation cerclage for MFG is favored as there was a debate in recently held KSOGA conference at manipal on 3-11-11.
intravenous iron sucrose is a ray of hope for treating iron defeciency anemia which is still a major problem in india. It circumvents the problem of compliance and its large safety encourages its routine use in antenatal care and is highly suitable for treating postpartum anemia...
Low dose aspirin is a wonderful drug in the management of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease.However ther is lot of controversies about its use in obstetrics largely due to conclusions drawn on trials with flawed methodology, a reader must always view the evidence critically especially when the not harmful interventions are likely to benefit the patient....
this presentation gives insight into the recent controversies of HPV vaccine, in a VAST country like India mass vaccination at minimal cost may be the only way to tackle killer cancer cervix
Hypertension in pregnancy is a major killer disease, this presentation explores the review of contemporary evidence in the management of acute severe hypertension,
accurate assessment of gestational age by certain mensrtual data and clinical examination may have dating discrepancy with the ultrasound. this ppt critically addresses such issues
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
CDSCO and Phamacovigilance {Regulatory body in India}NEHA GUPTA
The Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) is India's national regulatory body for pharmaceuticals and medical devices. Operating under the Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, the CDSCO is responsible for approving new drugs, conducting clinical trials, setting standards for drugs, controlling the quality of imported drugs, and coordinating the activities of State Drug Control Organizations by providing expert advice.
Pharmacovigilance, on the other hand, is the science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problems. The primary aim of pharmacovigilance is to ensure the safety and efficacy of medicines, thereby protecting public health.
In India, pharmacovigilance activities are monitored by the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI), which works closely with CDSCO to collect, analyze, and act upon data regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Together, they play a critical role in ensuring that the benefits of drugs outweigh their risks, maintaining high standards of patient safety, and promoting the rational use of medicines.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
3. India is passing through the phase of economic
transition
undernutrition continues to be a major
problem,
overnutrition is emerging as a significant
problem
3
4. Why a typical Indian woman
require a nutritional
supplementation ?
Do you think Indian diet
contain RDA of nutrients ?
4
6. Do you think there is adequate balanced production
of food in India ?
6
7. Unfavorable distribution of food production ?
Production of cereals and millets adequat
e
Pulses production and availability is declinin
g
30% vegetable production is declined
Milk consumption less than world average
National institute of nutrition 2011
7
8. 1. Eat variety of foods to ensure a balanced diet.
2. Ensure provision of extra food and healthcare to pregnant
and lactating women.
NIN dietary guidelines 2011
8
11. • Nutritional supplements are any dietary
supplement that is intended to provide
nutrients that may otherwise not be consumed in
sufficient quantities:
for example vitamins, minerals, protein, amino acids
or other nutritional substances.
11
13. a dietary supplement must be labeled as a
dietary supplement and be intended for
ingestion and must not be represented for use
as conventional food or as a sole item of a meal
or of the diet.
The Dietary Supplement Health and EducationAct of
1994
13
14. FDA-approved drugs cannot be ingredients in dietary
supplements.
Supplement products contain vitamins, nutritionally essential
minerals, amino acids, essential fatty acids and non-nutrient
substances extracted from plants or animals or fungi or bacteria,
or in the instance of probiotics, are live bacteria.
all products with these ingredients are required to be
labeled as dietary supplements.
14
15. How do you classify foods with regard to nutrition
supplementation
15
17. What is fetal programming? and
effect of nutritional supplementation
on this ?
(In utero origin of adult onset disease)
17
18. The mother’s health before and during pregnancy may be
affected by genetics, as well as malnutrition,acute and chronic
disease, exposure to environmental toxins, and a number of
other factors. The fetal origins hypothesis proposes that
certain genes in the fetus may or may not be “turned
on” depending on the environment that the mother is
exposed to while pregnant (Hampton, 2004)
18
19. Epigenetics Is Everywhere.
What you eat, where you live, who you interact with,
when you sleep, how you exercise, even aging –
can eventually cause chemical modifications around the
genes that will turn those genes on or off over time.
Additionally, in certain diseases such as cancer or
Alzheimer’s, various genes will be switched into the
opposite state, away from the normal/healthy state.
19
20. Fetal risk of developing adult- onset diseas
e
Determined by
at least in part, by maternal nutritional status at
conception, during pregnancy, and in early infancy.
20
21. FETUS RESPONDS BY LIMITING THE GROWTH
WITH LESS NUMBER OF CELLS ESP IN HEART
AND NEPHRONS
CHARACTERISED BY HYPERINSULIN RESPONSE
LATER IN LIFE PRONE FORTYPE 2 GM, CVD,
CARDIAC FAILURE
Barker dj, placenta, 2013
ADULT ONSET OF DISEASE IS PROGRAMMMED BY
MATERNAL NUTRITIONAL STATUS.
21
22. What are the lessons learnt from Dutch famine ?
1944-45
(Episodes of famine in otherwise well
nourished population )
22
23. Higher rates of adult-onset disease in the offspring including
impaired glucose tolerance
obesity
coronary heart disease
atherogenic lipid profiles
hypertension
microalbuminuria
schizophrenia,
antisocial personality and affec- tive disorders
addictive disorder in men.
Am J Psychiatry. 2000, Eur J Epidemiol. 2006 ,J Hypertens. 2007
23
24. Is there any difference on fetal outcome based on
nutrition deficiency at different gestational age
24
25. nutrient deficits early in the pregnancy may lead to compromised
organ development,
deficits later in pregnancy may lead to an LBW infant with
normal organ function
25
26. Conflict of interest
Chemical communication
between mother and fetus
Fetus evaluates the nutritional
environment and adjusts its
growth for its survival
In the event nutritional
deficiency placenta limits
nutrition supply to the fetus
26
27. • Maternal nutrition must be optimized before conception
Preimplantation and early differentiation environment is ready
to support early fetal and initial placental development.
Maternal nutritional status influences nutrient partitioning to
the placenta or fetus, which subsequently affects disease risk.
27
Therefore …..
28. What are the recommended
calories and protein intake
during pregnancy and lactation ?
28
30. Is it really essential to supplement with the
micronutrients ?
30
31. When compared with iron and folate alone, multiple
micronutrients can significantly lower the incidence of SGA
infants
.
Regular consumption of fortified cereal grains appears to be an
effective source of all but B vitamins, iron, and folate.
31
34. Obese pregnant women who gained less than 15lb had lowest
rate of PE,DM , LGA babies and CS rates
Kiel 200
7
34
Maternal weight gain positively correlated with
birthweight.
35. Optimal weight gain helps in proper
maternal adaptation and fetal
development..
35
36. Title Text
BMI and nutritional SUPPLEMENT influence on
pregnancy outcome
36
38. Women with a high pre pregnancy BMI have infants
with higher birth weights,
and heavier babies have a higher body fat mass.
38
39. Increased intake associated with
increased maternal wt gain
hypertension
GDM
heavier babies
obesity associated comorbidites
39
40. Dutch famine 1944-45
An inadequate energy intake
is associated with
• SGA or low birth weight
(LBW <2500grams)
• SGA is associated with an
increased risk of adult
metabolic diseases including
type 2 diabetes
40
42. Furthermore, given the average caloric intake of many individuals,
there is no need to increase caloric intake in pregnancy, but rather to
shift low-nutritional calories into more nutrient-dense calories.
42
First trimester 90-125kcal/day
Second trimester 286-350kcal/day
Third trimester 466-500kcal/day
43. What is your opinion on carbohydrates intake ?
43
45. 45
• Found naturally in whole
foods such as whole
grains, nonstarchy
vegetables, fruits, beans,
peas, lentils, and low-fat
dairy.
• All women, including
pregnant women, should
limit their intake of these
sugars, as well as foods
that have high amounts of
added sugar
47. A diet filled with carbohydrates and fats (soft drinks, chips,
etc) can easily lead to satiation before an adequate amount
of protein and other nutrients has been consumed
.
Damage from a low-protein diet includes decreased brain
size, altered fat distribution, increased obesity, shorter
gestation and decreased birth weight, increased stress
sensitivity, decreased sperm quality, altered cardiac energy
metabolism, and changes in muscular tone
.
47
49. The DRI for protein during pregnancy is
1.1 g/kg per day or approximately 71 g protein
per day starting in the second trimester,
which is approximately 25 g more than what is
recommended for nonpregnant women.
49
50. A diet skewed toward a high-meat, low carbohydrate
intake leads to a higher incidence of hypertension in the
offspring as well as high cortisol levels.
50
51. What are ILL effects of PSMF diet
(protein sparing modified fast diet )
51
52. Protein Sparing Modified Fast die
t
PMSF is a very low calorie type of fad diet
While people often lose weight, they
frequently regain it afterwards.
Health concerns include dehydration, hence
fluids, vitamin and mineral (potassium,
magnesium, sodium, and calcium).
Since PSMF includes little or no fat, the
rapid weight loss may cause gallstones.
It is therefore recommended to consume at
least a minimum amount of fat daily.
52
53. How much fat to be consumed ? Adverse
effects of fat intake on fetomaternal outcome
53
54. total dietary fat intake to between 25% and 35% of total calories.
High-fat diets in pregnancy have been found to increase insulin
resistance.
A high saturated fat intake is associated with development of
glucose abnormalities in pregnancy and an increased risk of GDM
.
Higher intakes of animal fat and cholesterol before pregnancy are
also associated with an increased risk of GDM, as is a higher intake
of saturated fat during pregnancy
. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2014;114:136–153
54
55. What’s your view on PUFA supplementation in non
fish eaters ?
55
56. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and n-3 fatty acids are needed for brain and retinal development throughout the third trimester of gestation and the first year of life. The fetus
needs 200 to 300 mg/d of DHA and 500 mg of DHA plus eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) per day. Good sources of n-3 fatty acids include fatty fish and seafood recommendation
of 12 oz per week, walnuts, and dietary supplements.
For women who do not eat fish, n-3 PUFA supplementation appears to be associated with a small decrease in preterm birth and LBW infants
Jensen CL. Effects of n-3 fatty acids during pregnancy and lactation. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;83(suppl 6):1452S–1457S.
CL. Effects of n-3 fatty acids during pregnancy and lactation. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;83(suppl 6):1452S–1457S.
56
57. What is food pyramid concept ?
as a part of dietary advice
57
59. The groups most vulnerable to micronutrient deficiencies are
pregnant and lactating women and young children,
mainly because they have a relatively greater need for vitamins
and minerals and are more susceptible to the harmful
consequences of deficiencies
…to meet… … intake of micronutrients is to provide foods
fortified with micronutrients.
Fortified foods, such as corn-soya blend, biscuits, vegetable oil
enriched with vitamin A and iodized salt
59
60. Address both malnutrition
and underlying cause
• Malnutrition may be due to illness, food
insecurity, or other factors
• maximize positive outcomes for both mother
and baby.
60
62. Physicians need a better understanding of the role of
diet in shaping fetal outcomes
The physician treating a pregnant woman should be
ready to advise a healthy diet for the benefit of the fetus.
62
63. Effect of nutrition on the offspring and on the
mother should be well understood
63
64. One 2016 analysis estimated the total market
for dietary supplements could reach $278
billion worldwide by 2024.
64