This document provides information about nutrition and nutraceuticals from a consultant clinical dietician/nutritionist. It discusses why nutrition is important, common nutraceutical products on the market, macro and micronutrients, recent nutrition trends involving prebiotics and probiotics, the 13 vitamins including their functions, deficiency symptoms, and recommended dietary allowances. The vitamins discussed include both water soluble vitamins like vitamin C, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, biotin, folate, cobalamin and fat soluble vitamins like vitamin A, D, E, and K.
Water soluble vitamins are the group of vitamins being readily soluble in water and does many functions in our body. The presentation includes the sources, functions and deficiency of each water soluble vitamins and are available according to the RDA given by ICMR.
A vitamin that can dissolve in water. Vitamins are nutrients that the body needs in small amounts to stay healthy and work the way it should. Water-soluble vitamins are carried to the body's tissues but are not stored in the body.
Water soluble vitamins written by Ashfaq AhmadAshfaq Ahmad
This document discusses vitamin C and several B vitamins. It provides information on their functions, dietary sources, deficiency symptoms, recommended intake levels, and other details. Vitamin C plays roles in collagen formation, bone formation, antioxidant activity, and immune function. The B vitamins discussed include thiamine (B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin (B3), pantothenic acid (B5), pyridoxine (B6), biotin (B7), folic acid (B9), and their involvement in metabolism and cell function through their coenzyme forms. Deficiency of several B vitamins can cause conditions like beriberi, pellagra, and megaloblastic
This document summarizes water soluble vitamins, focusing on vitamin C. It discusses the chemistry, biosynthesis, metabolism, functions, deficiency, sources and recommended intake of vitamin C. Vitamin C is a water soluble vitamin that acts as a coenzyme in several enzymatic reactions. It is essential for collagen formation, iron absorption and immune function. Deficiency results in scurvy, characterized by bleeding gums and fragile blood vessels. Good dietary sources include citrus fruits and vegetables.
This document summarizes water-soluble vitamins vitamin C and the B-complex vitamins. It discusses their classification, sources, functions, deficiency manifestations, and recommended dietary allowances. The key water-soluble vitamins covered are vitamin C, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, biotin, and folic acid. For each, the document outlines their roles in metabolism, common food sources, signs of deficiency, and treatment for deficiencies.
Vitamins are organic substances that are vital for life but cannot be synthesized by the body, and must be obtained through diet. The document discusses the history and discovery of several important vitamins, including their cofactor forms, functions, deficiency symptoms, sources and requirements. It provides details on vitamins A, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B9, B12, C, D, E, and K, and the roles they play in important metabolic processes in the body.
This document discusses several water soluble B vitamins, including their functions, food sources, and deficiency symptoms. Thiamine (B1) helps release energy from carbohydrates and is found in meats, cereals and legumes. Riboflavin (B2) is also involved in energy release and is abundant in milk, eggs and green leaves. Niacin (B3) deficiency can cause pellagra and is countered by eating liver, groundnuts and whole grains. Vitamin B6, folate, B12, pantothenic acid and biotin all act as enzyme cofactors in energy production and synthesis of proteins, fats, and nucleic acids. Animal products generally provide more B
This document discusses several B vitamins and vitamin C. It provides information on their functions, sources, toxicity, deficiency symptoms, and absorption. The vitamins covered are B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B8, B9, B12, and C. Their roles in energy production, metabolism, growth, and immune function are summarized.
Water soluble vitamins are the group of vitamins being readily soluble in water and does many functions in our body. The presentation includes the sources, functions and deficiency of each water soluble vitamins and are available according to the RDA given by ICMR.
A vitamin that can dissolve in water. Vitamins are nutrients that the body needs in small amounts to stay healthy and work the way it should. Water-soluble vitamins are carried to the body's tissues but are not stored in the body.
Water soluble vitamins written by Ashfaq AhmadAshfaq Ahmad
This document discusses vitamin C and several B vitamins. It provides information on their functions, dietary sources, deficiency symptoms, recommended intake levels, and other details. Vitamin C plays roles in collagen formation, bone formation, antioxidant activity, and immune function. The B vitamins discussed include thiamine (B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin (B3), pantothenic acid (B5), pyridoxine (B6), biotin (B7), folic acid (B9), and their involvement in metabolism and cell function through their coenzyme forms. Deficiency of several B vitamins can cause conditions like beriberi, pellagra, and megaloblastic
This document summarizes water soluble vitamins, focusing on vitamin C. It discusses the chemistry, biosynthesis, metabolism, functions, deficiency, sources and recommended intake of vitamin C. Vitamin C is a water soluble vitamin that acts as a coenzyme in several enzymatic reactions. It is essential for collagen formation, iron absorption and immune function. Deficiency results in scurvy, characterized by bleeding gums and fragile blood vessels. Good dietary sources include citrus fruits and vegetables.
This document summarizes water-soluble vitamins vitamin C and the B-complex vitamins. It discusses their classification, sources, functions, deficiency manifestations, and recommended dietary allowances. The key water-soluble vitamins covered are vitamin C, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, biotin, and folic acid. For each, the document outlines their roles in metabolism, common food sources, signs of deficiency, and treatment for deficiencies.
Vitamins are organic substances that are vital for life but cannot be synthesized by the body, and must be obtained through diet. The document discusses the history and discovery of several important vitamins, including their cofactor forms, functions, deficiency symptoms, sources and requirements. It provides details on vitamins A, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B9, B12, C, D, E, and K, and the roles they play in important metabolic processes in the body.
This document discusses several water soluble B vitamins, including their functions, food sources, and deficiency symptoms. Thiamine (B1) helps release energy from carbohydrates and is found in meats, cereals and legumes. Riboflavin (B2) is also involved in energy release and is abundant in milk, eggs and green leaves. Niacin (B3) deficiency can cause pellagra and is countered by eating liver, groundnuts and whole grains. Vitamin B6, folate, B12, pantothenic acid and biotin all act as enzyme cofactors in energy production and synthesis of proteins, fats, and nucleic acids. Animal products generally provide more B
This document discusses several B vitamins and vitamin C. It provides information on their functions, sources, toxicity, deficiency symptoms, and absorption. The vitamins covered are B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B8, B9, B12, and C. Their roles in energy production, metabolism, growth, and immune function are summarized.
This document defines vitamins and classifies them as either fat-soluble or water-soluble. It provides details on several key vitamins, including recommended daily allowances, functions, deficiency symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. Key vitamins discussed include A, D, E, K, C, thiamine (B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin (B3), pyridoxine (B6), folate (B9), and cobalamin (B12). The document emphasizes the importance of vitamins for various metabolic processes and preventing deficiency diseases like scurvy, beriberi, rickets, and pellagra.
This document discusses vitamins and vitamin deficiencies. It begins by defining vitamins and their essential roles in the body. It then discusses the etiology of vitamin deficiencies, including malnutrition and alcoholism. The document categorizes vitamins as either fat-soluble (A, D, E, K) or water-soluble and provides details on the physiology and deficiencies of each individual vitamin. It also discusses vitamin B complex, trace elements, and the relationship between diet and cancer.
This document provides information on B-complex vitamins, including their classification and properties. It then focuses on thiamine (B1) and riboflavin (B2), discussing their history, structures, roles as coenzymes, dietary sources, deficiencies, investigations and treatments. For thiamine and riboflavin, key details are provided on their specific coenzymes, metabolic reactions they participate in, risk factors for deficiency, clinical signs, recommended intake levels, and management approaches. The document synthesizes information from various biochemistry textbooks and references.
VITAMIN B1 [THIAMINE] MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY BY P. RAVISANKAR [ SOURCE, STRUCTUR...Dr. Ravi Sankar
Vitamin B1, also known as thiamine, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays several critical roles in the body. It is required for the conversion of carbohydrates into glucose and for energy production. A deficiency can cause beriberi disease and related neurological issues. Vitamin B1 cannot be stored in the body and must be replenished daily through foods like pork, legumes, nuts and grains.
This document provides information on fat soluble vitamins A, D, E, K, and discusses their sources, functions, and deficiency symptoms. It notes that vitamins A, D, E, K are fat soluble and essential for processes like vision, bone growth, blood clotting, and antioxidant activity. The document also mentions newly discovered vitamins Q and U and their proposed functions in blood clotting and gastrointestinal health.
This document provides an overview of water soluble vitamins, including their classification, recommended daily allowances, sources, properties, and individual details. It discusses 8 water soluble vitamins - thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, vitamin C, folic acid, and vitamin B12. For each vitamin, it describes structure, active forms, biochemical functions, causes of deficiency, and deficiency manifestations. The document is intended as an educational reference on essential water soluble vitamins and their roles in human nutrition and health.
This document provides information on water soluble vitamins. It discusses the criteria of water soluble vitamins, including that they are hydrophilic and soluble in water. It then describes several B vitamins in detail, including their roles as coenzymes in important metabolic processes and the deficiency symptoms that can arise from not getting enough of each vitamin. The vitamins covered are B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, and vitamin C.
This document provides information on vitamins, including their definition, classification, importance, and specific details about fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins. Some key points:
- Vitamins are organic compounds needed in small amounts that must be obtained through diet as they are not synthesized by the body.
- They are classified as either fat-soluble (A, D, E, K) or water-soluble (B complex, C). Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed with fat and stored in liver while water-soluble vitamins dissolve in water and are not stored.
- Vitamins play important roles as coenzymes and precursors for biochemical reactions involved in growth, tissue maintenance,
Vitamins and minerals are essential nutrients that must be obtained through diet. This document discusses various vitamins and minerals, their functions, dietary sources, deficiency and toxicity symptoms. It describes that vitamin deficiencies can cause diseases like scurvy, beriberi, rickets and pellagra. Deficiencies in minerals like iron, iodine and zinc can also impact growth, development and health. Maintaining adequate intake of vitamins and minerals through a balanced diet is important for overall well-being.
This document discusses vitamin B1 (thiamine). It begins by classifying B1 as a water-soluble vitamin that is part of the B-complex group. It then describes B1's functions in energy metabolism and as a coenzyme. Sources of B1 are also listed, including pork, liver, beans and enriched grains. The document concludes by covering absorption in the small intestine, deficiencies that can arise from inadequate intake such as beriberi, and issues related to toxicity.
Vitamins & vitamin containing drugs manikImran Nur Manik
Vitamins are organic compounds that are essential nutrients for the human body. There are 13 essential vitamins that must be obtained through diet as the body cannot synthesize them. Vitamins play important roles in growth, development, and metabolic processes. Deficiencies can lead to specific diseases. Vitamins can be fat-soluble like A, D, E and K which are stored in the body, or water-soluble like the B vitamins and C which are not stored. Dietary sources and functions of several key vitamins are discussed.
The document discusses vitamins, which are organic nutrients required in small quantities for biochemical functions and proper metabolism. It categorizes vitamins into two types - fat-soluble vitamins like A, D, E, and K that can be stored in the body, and water-soluble vitamins like the B vitamins and C that are not stored and must be replenished daily. It provides details on the physiological importance, deficiency symptoms, potential excess effects, and dietary sources of each vitamin.
Vitamins serve as cofactors for enzymatic reactions by binding to enzymes to form active coenzyme complexes. Most B vitamins function as coenzymes involved in energy production and metabolism. Vitamin deficiencies can result in diseases; for example, thiamine deficiency causes beriberi and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Vitamins are essential for many cellular processes and metabolic reactions in the body.
Chemistry investigatory project 2k18 (12th isc): Vitamins and hormones and th...Student
This document provides an introduction to vitamins and hormones. It begins by classifying vitamins as either water-soluble or fat-soluble. It then discusses each major vitamin in more detail, including its structure, functions in the body, dietary sources, and deficiency diseases. For each vitamin, the summary includes the key roles and recommended daily intake amounts. The document concludes by discussing the structures and functions of some common hormones.
This document classifies vitamins into two types: water soluble and fat soluble. Water soluble vitamins include vitamin C, B1, B2, B3, B5, B9, B6, B12, and biotin. They are not stored in the body and are excreted in urine. Fat soluble vitamins include vitamin A, D, E, and K. They are stored in the body and excreted in feces. The document outlines the functions and deficiency symptoms of each vitamin.
Water soluble vitamins include Vitamin C and the vitamin B complex: thiamin (B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin (B3), pantothenic acid (B5), Vitamin B6, biotin (B7), folic acid (B9), Vitamin B12. Vitamin A in its Beta-Carotene form is also water-soluble.
Vitamins are required for proper metabolism and act as coenzymes in many reactions, but do not directly provide energy. Vitamin C prevents scurvy and functions as an antioxidant, keeping iron and copper in reduced states to aid in iron absorption and immune function. It is also required for collagen, carnitine, neurotransmitter, hormone, and bile acid synthesis. B vitamins function as coenzymes in reactions that release energy from food and regulate metabolism. Deficiencies can result in diseases like beriberi, pellagra, and megaloblastic anemia. Vitamins are found in a variety of foods and their levels can be impacted by cooking methods.
A presentation on pantothenic acid or b5jainsaketjain
1. Pantothenic acid, also known as vitamin B5, is an essential vitamin that plays a key role in energy production and metabolism.
2. It is widely found in foods like meat, eggs, legumes, and whole grains. Pantothenic acid is a component of coenzyme A which is involved in important processes in the body.
3. Deficiency of pantothenic acid is rare due to its abundance in foods, but may cause burning sensations in hands and feet, fatigue, and muscle cramps. The recommended daily intake is 2-7 mg depending on age.
Water soluble vitamins and its dental implicationsmounikasandeep
This document summarizes key information about water soluble vitamins B and C. It discusses their dietary sources, metabolism, metabolic functions, recommended daily allowances, deficiency symptoms, hypervitaminosis, and dental considerations. Specific vitamins covered in detail include vitamin C, thiamine, riboflavin, and niacin. The document also provides classifications of water soluble vitamins and discusses the coenzyme roles of vitamin B complexes.
This document provides information about various vitamins in 3 sections:
1. It introduces vitamins and their classification as either water-soluble or fat-soluble.
2. Details are given for individual B vitamins, including their recommended daily intake, dietary sources, functions, and deficiency symptoms.
3. Fat-soluble vitamins A, D, and E are also described with their daily values, food sources, roles in the body, and health impacts of inadequacy.
This document defines vitamins and classifies them as either fat-soluble or water-soluble. It provides details on several key vitamins, including recommended daily allowances, functions, deficiency symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. Key vitamins discussed include A, D, E, K, C, thiamine (B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin (B3), pyridoxine (B6), folate (B9), and cobalamin (B12). The document emphasizes the importance of vitamins for various metabolic processes and preventing deficiency diseases like scurvy, beriberi, rickets, and pellagra.
This document discusses vitamins and vitamin deficiencies. It begins by defining vitamins and their essential roles in the body. It then discusses the etiology of vitamin deficiencies, including malnutrition and alcoholism. The document categorizes vitamins as either fat-soluble (A, D, E, K) or water-soluble and provides details on the physiology and deficiencies of each individual vitamin. It also discusses vitamin B complex, trace elements, and the relationship between diet and cancer.
This document provides information on B-complex vitamins, including their classification and properties. It then focuses on thiamine (B1) and riboflavin (B2), discussing their history, structures, roles as coenzymes, dietary sources, deficiencies, investigations and treatments. For thiamine and riboflavin, key details are provided on their specific coenzymes, metabolic reactions they participate in, risk factors for deficiency, clinical signs, recommended intake levels, and management approaches. The document synthesizes information from various biochemistry textbooks and references.
VITAMIN B1 [THIAMINE] MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY BY P. RAVISANKAR [ SOURCE, STRUCTUR...Dr. Ravi Sankar
Vitamin B1, also known as thiamine, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays several critical roles in the body. It is required for the conversion of carbohydrates into glucose and for energy production. A deficiency can cause beriberi disease and related neurological issues. Vitamin B1 cannot be stored in the body and must be replenished daily through foods like pork, legumes, nuts and grains.
This document provides information on fat soluble vitamins A, D, E, K, and discusses their sources, functions, and deficiency symptoms. It notes that vitamins A, D, E, K are fat soluble and essential for processes like vision, bone growth, blood clotting, and antioxidant activity. The document also mentions newly discovered vitamins Q and U and their proposed functions in blood clotting and gastrointestinal health.
This document provides an overview of water soluble vitamins, including their classification, recommended daily allowances, sources, properties, and individual details. It discusses 8 water soluble vitamins - thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, vitamin C, folic acid, and vitamin B12. For each vitamin, it describes structure, active forms, biochemical functions, causes of deficiency, and deficiency manifestations. The document is intended as an educational reference on essential water soluble vitamins and their roles in human nutrition and health.
This document provides information on water soluble vitamins. It discusses the criteria of water soluble vitamins, including that they are hydrophilic and soluble in water. It then describes several B vitamins in detail, including their roles as coenzymes in important metabolic processes and the deficiency symptoms that can arise from not getting enough of each vitamin. The vitamins covered are B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, and vitamin C.
This document provides information on vitamins, including their definition, classification, importance, and specific details about fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins. Some key points:
- Vitamins are organic compounds needed in small amounts that must be obtained through diet as they are not synthesized by the body.
- They are classified as either fat-soluble (A, D, E, K) or water-soluble (B complex, C). Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed with fat and stored in liver while water-soluble vitamins dissolve in water and are not stored.
- Vitamins play important roles as coenzymes and precursors for biochemical reactions involved in growth, tissue maintenance,
Vitamins and minerals are essential nutrients that must be obtained through diet. This document discusses various vitamins and minerals, their functions, dietary sources, deficiency and toxicity symptoms. It describes that vitamin deficiencies can cause diseases like scurvy, beriberi, rickets and pellagra. Deficiencies in minerals like iron, iodine and zinc can also impact growth, development and health. Maintaining adequate intake of vitamins and minerals through a balanced diet is important for overall well-being.
This document discusses vitamin B1 (thiamine). It begins by classifying B1 as a water-soluble vitamin that is part of the B-complex group. It then describes B1's functions in energy metabolism and as a coenzyme. Sources of B1 are also listed, including pork, liver, beans and enriched grains. The document concludes by covering absorption in the small intestine, deficiencies that can arise from inadequate intake such as beriberi, and issues related to toxicity.
Vitamins & vitamin containing drugs manikImran Nur Manik
Vitamins are organic compounds that are essential nutrients for the human body. There are 13 essential vitamins that must be obtained through diet as the body cannot synthesize them. Vitamins play important roles in growth, development, and metabolic processes. Deficiencies can lead to specific diseases. Vitamins can be fat-soluble like A, D, E and K which are stored in the body, or water-soluble like the B vitamins and C which are not stored. Dietary sources and functions of several key vitamins are discussed.
The document discusses vitamins, which are organic nutrients required in small quantities for biochemical functions and proper metabolism. It categorizes vitamins into two types - fat-soluble vitamins like A, D, E, and K that can be stored in the body, and water-soluble vitamins like the B vitamins and C that are not stored and must be replenished daily. It provides details on the physiological importance, deficiency symptoms, potential excess effects, and dietary sources of each vitamin.
Vitamins serve as cofactors for enzymatic reactions by binding to enzymes to form active coenzyme complexes. Most B vitamins function as coenzymes involved in energy production and metabolism. Vitamin deficiencies can result in diseases; for example, thiamine deficiency causes beriberi and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Vitamins are essential for many cellular processes and metabolic reactions in the body.
Chemistry investigatory project 2k18 (12th isc): Vitamins and hormones and th...Student
This document provides an introduction to vitamins and hormones. It begins by classifying vitamins as either water-soluble or fat-soluble. It then discusses each major vitamin in more detail, including its structure, functions in the body, dietary sources, and deficiency diseases. For each vitamin, the summary includes the key roles and recommended daily intake amounts. The document concludes by discussing the structures and functions of some common hormones.
This document classifies vitamins into two types: water soluble and fat soluble. Water soluble vitamins include vitamin C, B1, B2, B3, B5, B9, B6, B12, and biotin. They are not stored in the body and are excreted in urine. Fat soluble vitamins include vitamin A, D, E, and K. They are stored in the body and excreted in feces. The document outlines the functions and deficiency symptoms of each vitamin.
Water soluble vitamins include Vitamin C and the vitamin B complex: thiamin (B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin (B3), pantothenic acid (B5), Vitamin B6, biotin (B7), folic acid (B9), Vitamin B12. Vitamin A in its Beta-Carotene form is also water-soluble.
Vitamins are required for proper metabolism and act as coenzymes in many reactions, but do not directly provide energy. Vitamin C prevents scurvy and functions as an antioxidant, keeping iron and copper in reduced states to aid in iron absorption and immune function. It is also required for collagen, carnitine, neurotransmitter, hormone, and bile acid synthesis. B vitamins function as coenzymes in reactions that release energy from food and regulate metabolism. Deficiencies can result in diseases like beriberi, pellagra, and megaloblastic anemia. Vitamins are found in a variety of foods and their levels can be impacted by cooking methods.
A presentation on pantothenic acid or b5jainsaketjain
1. Pantothenic acid, also known as vitamin B5, is an essential vitamin that plays a key role in energy production and metabolism.
2. It is widely found in foods like meat, eggs, legumes, and whole grains. Pantothenic acid is a component of coenzyme A which is involved in important processes in the body.
3. Deficiency of pantothenic acid is rare due to its abundance in foods, but may cause burning sensations in hands and feet, fatigue, and muscle cramps. The recommended daily intake is 2-7 mg depending on age.
Water soluble vitamins and its dental implicationsmounikasandeep
This document summarizes key information about water soluble vitamins B and C. It discusses their dietary sources, metabolism, metabolic functions, recommended daily allowances, deficiency symptoms, hypervitaminosis, and dental considerations. Specific vitamins covered in detail include vitamin C, thiamine, riboflavin, and niacin. The document also provides classifications of water soluble vitamins and discusses the coenzyme roles of vitamin B complexes.
This document provides information about various vitamins in 3 sections:
1. It introduces vitamins and their classification as either water-soluble or fat-soluble.
2. Details are given for individual B vitamins, including their recommended daily intake, dietary sources, functions, and deficiency symptoms.
3. Fat-soluble vitamins A, D, and E are also described with their daily values, food sources, roles in the body, and health impacts of inadequacy.
Water soluble vitamins are a heterogeneous group of compounds that differ chemically but share the common characteristic of being soluble in water. They are easily absorbed and not stored in the body except for vitamin B12. The document focuses on various water soluble vitamins including vitamin C, the B vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, biotin, folic acid, cyanocobalamin), their roles, dietary sources, requirements and deficiency manifestations.
Over half of Indians, especially women, eat an unbalanced diet lacking nutrients. This leads to health issues like diabetes and obesity. Most Indians eat too much rice with little curry, lacking proteins, vitamins, and minerals. Fried foods and junk foods are commonly eaten instead of fruits and vegetables. A balanced diet with enough proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals is needed for good health. Proteins, vitamins like A, B, C, D, and minerals like calcium, iron and magnesium are essential nutrients the body needs. The Indian Council of Medical Research provides dietary guidelines and recommended nutrient intakes. Eating a variety of nutrient-dense foods in moderation while limiting sugars, saturated fats and sodium promotes
Over half of Indians, especially women, eat an unbalanced diet lacking nutrients. This leads to health issues like diabetes and obesity. Most Indians eat too much rice with little curry, lacking proteins, vitamins, and minerals. Fried foods and junk foods are commonly eaten instead of fruits and vegetables. A balanced diet with enough proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals is needed. Proteins, vitamins like A, B, C, D, E, minerals like calcium, iron, magnesium are essential. The recommended daily intake of calories is 2000-2500. Educating people on balanced nutrition is needed to promote health.
This document provides information on water soluble vitamins B and C. It discusses the classification of vitamins based on solubility and describes key features of the B-complex vitamins including thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, biotin, folic acid, and cyanocobalamin. It also covers vitamin C, describing its isolation, sources, functions, deficiency manifestations, and role in collagen formation and wound healing. The roles of these vitamins as coenzymes in various metabolic pathways are emphasized.
This document discusses vitamins, specifically vitamin A. It defines vitamins and explains that vitamin A has several important functions in the body related to vision, epithelial cell integrity, immune response, reproduction and growth. It describes the different forms of vitamin A found in foods and how they are absorbed and transported. Deficiency and toxicity of vitamin A are outlined as well as recommended intake amounts and treatment. The key functions and food sources of vitamin A are summarized.
The document discusses various B vitamins, including their discovery, daily requirements, sources, functions, and deficiency symptoms. It describes Vitamin B1 (Thiamine), B2 (Riboflavin), B3 (Niacin), B5 (Pantothenic Acid), B6 (Pyridoxine), B9 (Folic Acid), and B12 (Cyanocobalamin). The B vitamins play important roles in energy metabolism and the formation of red blood cells, and deficiencies can result in diseases like beriberi, pellagra, and megaloblastic anemia.
Idk if you are you doing tomorrow morning yet to be treated as I'm sure you are not picking up my room and hospital near Pali road kudi tu hi tu hi hai ki yai kashmiri mirch masala is tinu abong tar ammur hubby is abong tar ammur hubby and I will you be interested please contact the person who are you not replying sooner or later version you doing tomorrow and then you will you go now please send me your address and phone numbers of supreme personality is tinu abong tar chehara I am not yet to be treated as such as I'm unable open to the Prostho department rn you are not picking call in the group about this one also good looking for the students of Bangladesh in my AICTE you doing today also sleeping on it rn Shukla and we have to get up to other room and hospital jodhpur rajasthan me to come to there house and hospital jodhpur rajasthan high court can you please send the link to other room and hospital near Pali Rajasthan State dental council which one is better than the intended recipient please notify us immediately and hospital near Pali Rajasthan State
This document discusses geriatric nutrition and dietary recommendations for elderly patients. It begins with definitions of geriatric nutrition and factors that can affect the nutritional status of older adults, including physiological and oral changes. It then outlines the specific nutrient needs of elderly individuals, including decreased calorie and protein requirements. Recommendations are provided for a modified food pyramid and assessing nutritional status. Diet instructions are provided for new denture wearers. The document concludes with the importance of nutritional interventions and education by prosthodontists to address common nutritional deficiencies in elderly patients.
This document discusses diet and nutrition as they relate to oral health and prosthodontic treatment. It defines key terms like diet, nutrition, and balanced diet. It describes the major nutrients - carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water. It discusses dietary requirements and recommendations for different age groups, especially the elderly. It emphasizes the importance of adequate protein, vitamin, mineral and calcium intake for dental patients, especially those undergoing prosthodontic treatment. It provides dietary guidelines for new denture wearers.
This document discusses water soluble vitamins. It defines water soluble vitamins and explains that they must be obtained through the diet, as they are not produced in the body and excess amounts are excreted. The document then covers each water soluble vitamin individually - including major dietary sources, recommended daily allowances, functions, and deficiency symptoms. The vitamins discussed are B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12, C, and folic acid. For each one, the roles of their coenzymes in biochemical reactions are explained. Deficiency diseases like beriberi, pellagra, and scurvy are also detailed.
Nutrition is the science that interprets the nutrients and other substances in food in relation maintenance,growth,reproduction, health and disease of an organism. It includes food intake, absorption, assimilation, biosynthesis, catabolism
and excretion.
Vitamin A is essential for vision, immune function, and cell growth. Deficiency can cause night blindness and susceptibility to infection. Treatment involves oral vitamin A supplements. Toxicity from excessive intake is rare but can cause headaches and bone pain.
Vitamin D is important for calcium absorption and bone health. Deficiency causes rickets in children, characterized by bowed legs. Treatment involves vitamin D supplements and exposure to sunlight. Toxicity from high intake can raise calcium levels and cause nausea.
Thiamine (B1) deficiency, known as beriberi, affects nerve function and heart health. It is treated with thiamine supplements administered orally or intravenously.
This document provides information on vitamins, including their definition, classification, importance, and specific details about fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins. Some key points:
- Vitamins are organic compounds needed in small amounts that must be obtained through diet as they are not synthesized by the body.
- They are classified as either fat-soluble (A, D, E, K) or water-soluble (B complex, C). Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed with fat and stored in liver while water-soluble vitamins dissolve in water and are not stored.
- Vitamins play important roles as coenzymes and precursors for biochemical reactions involved in growth, metabolism and disease
A balanced diet consists of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water consumed in proper proportions to meet nutritional needs. No single food provides all essential nutrients, so a variety of foods must be eaten. The composition of a balanced diet varies by country and is influenced by availability, culture, economics, age, sex, and activity levels. Nutrition experts in India recommend diets composed primarily of cereals, pulses, vegetables, fruits, milk and milk products, fats and oils, with additional non-vegetarian items for non-vegetarians. Maintaining good nutrition supports health, development, and prevents disease.
Vitamins are organic compounds that are required in small amounts for normal growth, maintenance, and reproduction. They are classified as either fat-soluble or water-soluble. Deficiencies of specific vitamins can lead to diseases like scurvy, rickets, and beriberi. While vitamins are essential for health, excessive intake of certain vitamins can also be toxic. Maintaining a balanced diet is important to meet vitamin needs without risk of deficiency or toxicity.
2. Why Nutrition?
Food supplements/Nutraceutical products for adults are complementary or
alternative treatment of ailments
Food supplements/Nutraceutical products are concentrated source of all
desired macro and micro nutrients to derive ones daily dose
Food supplements/Nutraceutical products play a vital role with the insurance
of daily nutritional requirements in today's busy life.
3. Nutraceuticals in Market
Nutraceuticals is a broad umbrella term that is used to describe any product
derived from food sources with extra health benefits in addition to the basic
nutritional value found in foods.
Syrup
Tablet
Gel capsule
Sachet
4. What is Nutrition
Nutrition
Essential Nutrients
Macronutrients
Micronutrients
7. Recent Trends
Advance Nutrition
Medicine Nutrition
For Example
Prebiotics like Inulin
Active Probiotic like in fermented products e.g yogurt
9. Vitamins
Vitamins are organic compounds that people need in small quantities.
Recommended amounts of different types of vitamins may be expressed in
milligrams (mg), micrograms (mcg), or international units (IU), depending on the
nutrient.
The 13 known vitamins fall into two categories:
Fat soluble Vitamins
Water soluble Vitamins
10. Water Soluble Vitamins
Water soluble vitamins include
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
B1 Thiamin
B2 Riboflavin
B3 Niacin
B5 Pantothenic acid
B6 Vitamin (pyridoxine, Pyridoxal and pyridoxamine)
B7 Biotin
B9 Folacin
B12 vitamin
11. Fat-Soluble Vitamins
Fat soluble vitamin include
vitamin A
D
E
K
because they are soluble in organic solvents and are absorbed and transported in
manner similar to that of fats.
12. Causes of Deficiencies General
1. Failure to take the proper quantity and quality of foods to meet individual
requirements
2. Inadequate intake of food because of gastrointestinal disorders e.g. acidity
3. Defective absorption or utilization of food because of gastrointestinal disorders
e.g. chronic diarrhea, intestinal parasitism.
13. Causes of Deficiencies General
4. Increased need for food in conditional cases
5. Impaired metabolism of nutrients, hereditary or acquired (liver damage, drugs).
6. Interaction of drugs and nutrients.
15. Thiamin B1
Although thiamine is needed for the
metabolism of fats, protein and nucleic acids,
it is most strongly linked with carbohydrate
metabolism.
The decarboxylation of pyruvate, which is
concerned only with carbohydrate
metabolism, is the first to suffer from thiamine
deficiency.
16. Deficiencies of Vitamin B1
Clinical signs of thiamine deficiency primarily involve the nervous and cardiovascular
systems, eventually expressed in the deficiency disease of beriberi.
Symptoms include mental confusion, muscular wasting, edema (wet beriberi)
peripheral paralysis, tachycardia and enlarged heart.
In dry beriberi symptoms are peripheral neuropathy with loss of function or paralysis of
the lower extremities.
Neuropathy in diabetics
Cause fatigue and malaise in old age
17. Recommended Dietary Allowance
Table
Age RDA Age RDA
Infants 1-6 months 0.3 mg Females 11-50 years 1.1 mg
7-12 months 0.4 mg 50+ years 1.0 mg
Children 1-3 years 0.7 mg Pregnant 1.5 mg
4-6 years 0.9 mg Lactating 1.6 mg
7-10 years 1.0 mg
Males 11-14 years 1.3 mg
15-50 years 1.5 mg
51+ years 1.2 mg
*Recommended Dietary Allowances, 10th edition, c. 1989 byNAS.
18. Riboflavin B2
Riboflavin combines with
phosphoric acid to become part
of the structure of co-enzymes,
FMN and FAD.
These co-enzymes catalyze
oxidation-reduction reactions in
the cells and function as
hydrogen carriers in the
mitochondrial electron transport
system.
19. Deficiencies of Vitamin B2
Early deficiency symptoms include burning and itching of the eyes, loss of visual
acuity, and soreness and burning of lips, mouth and tongue.
Riboflavinosis is characterized by the development of cheilosis (fissuring of the
lips) angular stomatitis (cracks in the skin at the corners of the mouth) a greasy
eruption of the skin of vagina; a purple swollen tongue; and capillary overgrowth
around the cornea of the eye.
Cell repair and energy metabolism.
20. Recommended Dietary Allowance
Table
Infants
Age
1 year
RDA
0.4-0.5 mg
Children 1-10 years 0.8-1.2 mg
Males
Females
11-14 years
15-18 years
19-50 years
51+ years
Pregnant
Lactating(1st 6 months)
Lactating(2nd 6 months)
1.5 mg
1.8 mg
1.7 mg
1.4 mg
1.6 mg
1.8 mg
1.7 mg
21. Pyridoxine B6
co-enzyme that function primarily
in transamination and other
reactions related to protein
metabolism.
As a co-enzyme for phosphorylase
pyridoxine facilitates the release of
glycogen from the liver and muscle
as glucose-1-phosphate.
The formation of sphingolipids
(phospholipids), involved in the
development of the myelin sheath
surrounding nerve cells is also
vitamin B6 dependent.
22. Deficiencies of Vitamin B6
Vitamin B6 deficiency may accompany alcoholism because alcohol and alcoholic
liver disease can interfere with normal vitamin B6 metabolism.
Extreme pyridoxine deficiency leads to CNS abnormalities.
A deficiency syndrome has been identified in mentally retarded children with
uncontrollable convulsions from birth due to an inborn error of vitamin B6
metabolism.
It is thought that these children are unable to synthesize GABA (neurotransmitter)
23. Recommended Dietary Allowance
Age RDA
1-6 months 0.3 mg
7-12 months 0.6 mg
1-3 years 1.0 mg
4-6 years 1.1 mg
7-10 years 1.4 mg
11-14 years 1.7 mg
15 + years 2.0 mg
11-14 years 1.4 mg
15-18 years 1.5 mg
19 + years 1.6 mg
Pregnant 2.2 mg
Lactating 2.1 mg *From Food and Nutrition Board, National Research Council, NAS.
24. Cyanocobalamin
B12
Cobalamin is essential for normal
function in the metabolism of all
cells, especially those of the G.I.
tract, bone marrow, and nervous
tissue.
Vitamin B12 affects myelin
formation.
It is also effective as extrinsic
factor in the treatment of
pernicious anemia
25. Deficiencies of Vitamin B12
Impaired DNA synthesis results in defective proliferation of rapidly dividing cells
and is manifested by megaloblastic anemia, glossitis. Distortion of intestinal
architecture results in G.I. disorders.
A lack of Vitamin B12 results in subacute degeneration of cerebral white matter,
optic nerves, spinal cord and peripheral nerves in diabetics. Symptoms include
numbness, tingling, and burning of the feet as well as stiffness and generalized
weakness of the legs.
Many believe Vitamin B12 deficiency to be a common disorder in the elderly.
Breast-fed infants of vegetarian mothers may also be at risk.
26. Recommended Dietary Allowance
Age RDA
Infants 1-6 months 0.3 mcg
7-12 months 0.5 mcg
Children 1-3 years 0.7 mcg
4-6 years 1.0 mcg
7-10 years 1.4 mcg
Males 11-51 years 2.0 mcg
51 + years 2.0 mcg
Females 11-50 years 2.0 mcg
51 + years 2.0 mcg
Pregnant 2.2 mcg
Lactating 2.6 mcg
* From Food and Nutrition Board, NRC, NAS, RDA, 10th edition, 1989
27. Niacin B3
Functions in the body as a
component of the co-enzyme NAD
and NADP.
These co-enzymes are essential in
the oxidation-reduction reactions
and boost Immunity
involved in the release of energy
from carbohydrates, fats and
proteins, where they serve as
hydrogen acceptors capable of
accepting and releasing hydrogen
atoms as they are removed by the
dehydrogenase enzyme.
28. Deficiencies of Niacin
Symptoms of niacin deficiency in the early stages include muscular weakness,
anorexia, indigestion, and skin eruptions.
Severe deficiency of niacin leads to pellagra, which is characterized by dermatitis,
dementia, diarrhea, tremors and sore tongue. The skin develops a cracked
pigmented, scaly dermatitis in the areas exposed to sun.
Lesion in the central nervous system leads to confusion, disorientation, and
neuritis.
Digestive abnormalities cause irritation and inflammation of the mucous
membranes of the mouth and the gastro-intestinal tract.
29. Recommended Dietary Allowance
Age RDA
Infants 1-6 months 0.3 mg
7-12 months 0.6 mg
Children 1-3 years 1.0 mg
4-6 years 1.1 mg
Males 11-14 years 1.7 mg
15 + years 2.0 mg
Females 11-14 years 1.4 mg
15-18 years 1.5 mg
19 + years 1.6 mg
Pregnant 2.2 mg
* RDA 10th edition, c. 1989 by NAS.
Lactating 2.1 mg
30. Pantothenic Acid
B5
The primary role of pantothenic
acid is as a constituent of co-
enzyme A and as such it is
essential to many areas of
cellular metabolism.
As a part of acetyl CoA, it is
involved in the release of energy
from carbohydrate and in the
degradation and metabolism of
fatty acids.
31. Deficiencies of Pantothenic Acid
The primary role of pantothenic acid is as a constituent of co-enzyme A and as
such it is essential to many areas of cellular metabolism.
As a part of acetyl CoA, it is involved in the release of energy from carbohydrate
and in the degradation and metabolism of fatty acids.
Fatigue and malaise
32. Recommended Dietary Allowance
Table
Age RDA Age RDA
Infants 1-6 months 2 mg All males & Females above 11 years 4-7 mg
7-12
months
3 mg
Children 1-3 years 3 mg
4-6 years 3-4 mg
7-10 years 4-5 mg
* From Food and Nutrition Board, NRC, NAS. RDA, 10th edition,1989.
33. Folic Acid B9
Folic acid is necessary for the
synthesis of nucleic acids, which
form DNA and RNA.
Folate is essential for the formation
of both red and white blood cells in
the bone marrow and for their
maturation.
It serves as a single carbon carrier
in the formation of heme.
Folic acid acts as co-enzyme in the
biotransformation of amino acids.
34. Deficiencies of Folic Acid
Anemia
Weakness/fatigue
Infertility both in males and females
Neural tube irregularity during pregnancy
Irritability, headache, SOB, Depression
Change in color of skin and hair
Autism
Rheumatoid Arthritis
35. Recommended Dietary Allowance
Age RDA
Males 11-14 years 150 mcg
15 + years 200 mcg
Females 11-14 years 150 mcg
15 + years 180 mcg
Pregnant 400 mcg
Lactating (1st 6 months)
Lactating (2nd 6 months)
280 mcg
260 mcg
* From Food and Nutrition Research Council, NAS. RDA, 10th edition,1989.
36. Ascorbic Acid
Vitamin C
Ascorbic acid has multiple functions either
as coenzyme or cofactor. Its ability to lose
and take on hydrogen gives it an essential
role in metabolism.
Reduces ferric to ferrous iron in the
intestinal tract to facilitate its absorption.
-Involved in the transfer of iron from
plasma transferrin to liver ferritin.
Involved in the hydroxylation of proline to
form hydroxyproline in the synthesis of
collagen, a protein substance upon which
the integrity of cellular structure in all
fibrous tissues depends.
37. Deficiencies of Vitamin C
During periods of emotional, psychological or physiological stress, the urinary
excretion of ascorbic acid is increased.
Severe deficiency of ascorbic acid causes scurvy, symptoms include follicular
hyperkeratosis, swollen and inflamed gums, loosening of teeth, dryness of the
mouth and eyes, loss of hair, dry itchy skin
Wounds fail to heal, growth retardation in infants and children, anemia, increased
susceptibility to infections, irritability, neurotic disturbances
Manifestations of deficiency also include hemorrhage under the skin and into
joints.
Immunity
38. Recommended Dietary Allowance
Table:
Age RDA
Infants 1-6 months 30 mg
7-12 months 35 mg
Children 1-3 years 40 mg
4-10 years 45 mg
Males 11-14 years 50 mg
15 + years 60 mg
Females 11-14 years 50 mg
15 + years 60 mg
Pregnant 70 mg
Lactating(1st 6 months) 95 mg
Lactating(2nd 6 months) 90 mg
* From Food and Nutrition Board, NRC, NAS. RDA 10th edition, 1989
40. Vitamin A carotene
mroducts, egg yolk.
Vitamin A has a number of
important functions in the body.
It plays an essential role in the
function of the retina.
it is essential for the integrity of
epithelial cells, formation of
visual pigments (major
constituent of rhodopsin).
Vitamin A is also needed for
synthesis of
mucopolysaccharides.
41. Deficiencies of Vitamin A
Night blindness, xerophthalmia (Keratinization of corneal tissue), skin lesions,
allergies, dry hair, fatigue, failure of skeletal growth, reproductive disorders.
Vitamin A is readily absorbed from the normal gastrointestinal tract. The
absorption of vitamin A is also disturbed in hepatic disease.
Carotenes (alpha, Beta) synthesized by plants, are provitamins of vitamin A, which
is converted into active form by the human body.
A year’s supply of vitamin A can be stored in the liver.
Good for immunity
42. Recommended Dietary Allowance
Table
Age RDA
Infants Upto 1 year 375 mcg
Children 1-3 years 400 mcg
4-6 years 500 mcg
7-10 years 700 mcg
Males Adults 1000 mcg
Females Adults 800 mcg
Pregnant 800 mcg
Lactating (1st 6 months)
Lactating (2nd 6 months)
1300 mcg
1200 mcg
From Food and Nutrition Board, National Research Council, NAS
43. Vitamin D
Normal calcium and phosphate
metabolism are dependent on
proper levels of vitamin D.
Bile production
44. Deficiencies of Vitamin D
Vitamin D deficiency in infants and children rapidly leads to a serious metabolic
bone disease known as rickets. In the adult, only small amounts of calcium are
necessary to maintain balance and vitamin serves a much less important function.
Vitamin D is usually given by mouth, and gastrointestinal absorption is adequate
under most circumstances.
Bile is essential for adequate intestinal absorption and deoxycholic acid is the
most important constituent of bile in this regard.
The chief therapeutic uses of Vitamin D are in infant feeding for the prophylaxis
of rickets and in the treatment of hypoparathyroidism.
45. Recommended Dietary Allowance
Table
Age RDA
Infants 1-6 months 7.5 mcg
6-12 months 10 mcg
Children 1-10 years 10 mcg
Males 11-24 years 10 mcg
25 + years 5 mcg
Females 11-24 years 10 mcg
25 + years 5 mcg
Pregnant 10 mcg
Lactating 10 mcg
• 1 International Unit (IU) = 0.025 mcg of calciferol (vitamin D3)
• 1 mcg cholecalciferol = 40 IU vitamin D
46. Vitamin E
(Tocopherol)
Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin.
Vitamin E is recognized as
having a fundamental role in the
normal metabolism of all cells.
Therefore, its deficiency can
affect several different organ
systems.
Renowned antioxidant
47. Deficiencies of Vitamin E
In the neuromuscular system vitamin E deficiency is manifested clinically as loss of
deep tendon reflexes, impaired vibratory and position sensation, changes in balance
and coordination, muscles weakness, and visual disturbances.
Vitamin E needs some fat for the digestive system to absorb it.
Vitamin E deficiency can cause nerve and muscle damage that results in loss of feeling
in the arms and legs, loss of body movement control, muscle weakness, and vision
problems.
Another sign of deficiency is a weakened immune system.
49. Vitamin K
Vitamin K plays a key role in
helping the blood clot,
preventing excessive bleeding.
Unlike many other vitamins,
vitamin K is not typically used as
a dietary supplement.
50. Deficiencies and Recommendations
Low levels of vitamin K can raise the risk of uncontrolled bleeding.
While vitamin K deficiencies are rare in adults, they are very common in newborn
infants.
A single injection of vitamin K for newborns is standard. Vitamin K is also used to
counteract an overdose of the blood thinner coumadin.
80mcg
51. Minerals
Minerals can be described as inorganic solid chemical compounds usually found
as constituent of the earth’s crust.
The two kinds of minerals are:
Macrominerals
trace minerals.
52. Macrominerals
Needed by body in larger amounts than trace minerals macromineral group includes
Calcium
Phosphorus
Magnesium
Sodium
Potassium
Chloride
Sulfur
53. Trace Minerals
Needed by body in very smaller amounts, trace minerals include
Iron
Manganese
Copper
Iodine
Zinc
Cobalt
Fluoride
Selenium
54. Iodine
Iodine is an essential component
of thyroxine and tri- iodo -
thyronine molecules that are
secreted by thyroid gland and
are essential for a number of
metabolic processes in the body.
Iodine has long been
established as a dietary essential
and evidence of deficiency can
be rather readily detected.
55. Deficiencies and Recommendations
Deficiency effects:
Iodine deficiency leads to simple goiter and in severe case, cretinism.
Daily Requirement:
The daily requirement of the adult is very small, 3 mcg per Kg or a total of 200
mcg daily.
56. Copper
Copper has a role in the
oxidation of iron prior to
transport in the plasma and in
the cross-linking of collagen
necessary for its tensile strength.
It also has role in mitochondrial
energy production
protection from oxidants
synthesis of melamine and
catecholamines.
57. Deficiencies of Copper
Deficiency leads to microcytic hypochromic anemia.
Neutropenia, leukopenia, and bone demineralization follow, with subperiosteal
hemorrhages, hair and skin depigmentation, defective elastin formation, and bone
demineralization.
58. Recommended Dietary Allowance
Table
AGE ESADDI
INFANTS 1 - 6 months 0.4 - 0.6 mg
6 -12 months 0.6 - 0.7 mg
CHILDREN 1 - 3 years 0.7 - 1.0 mg
4 - 6 years 1.0 - 1.5 mg
7 -10 years 1.0 - 2.0 mg
11 + years 1.5 - 2.5 mg
ADULTS 1.5 - 3.0 mg
* RDAs, 10th edition, c. 1989 by National Academy ofSciences
59. Magnesium
It is an important participant in
many enzyme systems and lack
of it causes a variety of structural
and functional disturbances.
Most of the magnesium is in the
skeleton.
Extensive loss of this element
may occur in diarrhea.
60. Deficiencies and Recommendations
Muscle twitching and cramping
Meatal Disorders
Osteoporosis
Fatigue and Muscle weakness
High blood pressure
Asthma
Irregular hear beat
2 mg
61. Zinc
Zinc is known to participate in
reactions involving either synthesis or
degradation of major metabolites
such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins
and nucleic acids.
More than 200 zinc enzymes have
been isolated from various species.
Involved in the stabilization of protein
and nucleic acid structure and the
integrity of cellular organelles
In transport processes, immune
function, and expression of genetic
information.
62. Deficiencies and Recommendations
Additional symptoms of zinc deficiency include:
Delayed sexual development, infertility, poor sperm quality
Reduced height and weight and fatigue and malaise
Enlarged spleen
Hypogeusia (decreased taste acuity)
Delayed wound healing in diabetic patients
Alopecia, hair loss
Diverse forms of skin and nail lesions
Zinc responsive night blindness has also been documented (Solomons, 1988).
Zinc deficiency results in a variety of immunologic defects
64. Deficiencies and Recommendations
Poor bone growth
Skeletal defects
Slow or impaired growth
Low fertility
Impaired glucose intolerance
Abnormal metabolism of carbohydrate and energy
2mg
65. Iron
Good for vital functions
Good for immune system
Good for gastrointestinal
process
Regulate body treatment
Iron is an essential constituent of
the human blood.
66. Deficiencies and Recommendations
Extreme fatigue
Weakness
Pale skin
Chest pain, fast heartbeat or shortness of breath.
Headache, dizziness
Cold hands and feet
Inflammation or soreness of your tongue
Brittle nails
18 mg
67. Calcium
Calcium is essential for the
integrity of the nervous and
muscular systems where it has a
major influence on the integrity
and excitability of these tissues.
Calcium is necessary for normal
cardiac function & is one of the
factors that operate in the
mechanisms involved in the
coagulation of blood.
68. Deficiencies and Recommendations
Deficiency:
Calcium deficiency diseases are rickets, osteomalacia, and osteoporosis. The
normal serum calcium levels, between 9 and 11mg per 100 ml must be maintained
for many functions. Tetany may arise if the calcium concentration in the serum
rapidly decreases to very low level.
RDA:
The National Research Council recommended dietary allowance of calcium for
normal children and adult between 0.7G to 1.4G per day.
70. Deficiencies and Recommendations
Chromium deficiency is a wide spread problem.
Many people such as athletes, diabetics, pregnant women, and the elderly are
especially at risk of chromium deficiency leading to impaired insulin function,
inhibition of protein synthesis and energy production, and to type 2 diabetes and
heart disease.
120 mcg
72. Deficiencies and Recommendations
Biotin is a B vitamin found in food.
It helps the body convert food into energy and plays many other important roles
in health in diabetics especially
Biotin boosts the health of the hair and nails, supports a healthy pregnancy, and
helps manage blood sugar levels, among other benefits.
300 mcg
73. Coenzyme Q10
Coenzyme Q is well defined as a crucial
component of the oxidative phosphorylation
process in mitochondria which converts the
energy in carbohydrates and fatty acids into
ATP to drive cellular machinery and synthesis.
New roles for coenzyme Q in other cellular
functions are only becoming recognized.
Coenzyme Q10 is an important
vitamin-like substance required
for the proper function of many
organs and chemical reactions in
the body.
It helps provide energy to cells
Coenzyme Q10 also seems to
have antioxidant activity.
74. Deficiencies and Recommendations
A lack of functional protein produced from any one of the COQ genes decreases
the normal production of coenzyme Q10.
Studies suggest that a shortage (deficiency) of coenzyme Q10 impairs oxidative
phosphorylation and increases the vulnerability of cells to damage from free
radicals.
Infertility in males
De arranged lipid profile leading to cardiac complications.
90–200 mg
75. Molybdenum
Molybdenum is a co-factor for a
number of flavoprotein enzymes
and is found in xanthine oxidase,
which converts xanthine to uric
acid.
Excess will result in symptoms of
copper deficiency.
75 mcg
76. Phosphorus
Phosphorus has important and
multifaced functions in the
biochemistry of the body.
It is of great significance in a
host of reactions throughout
virtually all organs and tissues.
The bulk of body phosphorus is
located in the bones, where it
plays a key role in osteoblastic
and osteoclastic activities.
1,000 mg
77. Cobalt
Cobalt administration in man
may improve hematocrit,
hemoglobin and erythrocyte
values in some patient with
refractory anemia of various
types.
Cobalt is an essential part of
vitamin B12 and vitamin B12 is
essential for maturation of red
blood cells.
5 - 8 mcg
78. Oligofructose
Oligofructose-enriched inulin is made by
combining two substances that occur
naturally in many plants, including chicory
root, wheat, bananas, onion, and garlic
Oligofructose-enriched inulin helps healthy
bacteria grow in the intestines and helps the
body absorb calcium and magnesium.
Oligofructose has a sweet,
pleasant flavor and is highly
soluble.
It can be used to fortify foods
with fiber without contributing
any deleterious organoleptic
effects, to improve the flavor and
sweetness of low calorie foods
and to improve the texture of
fat-reduced foods.
79. Benfotiamine It inhibits the three main pathways leading to
hyperglycemic damage
These pathways increase superoxide production
Hexosamine pathway
Diacylgleycerol protein kinase C pathway
Advance glycation pathway
Benfotiamine is a lab made
version of Vitamin B1.
Helpful in Diabetes related nerve
damage , Alzheimer’s disease
and alcohol dependence.
600mg
80. Dill Oil
Dill seed is sometimes applied to the mouth
and throat for pain and swelling
(inflammation).
Rich in antioxidants and a good source of
vitamin C, magnesium, and vitamin A.
Dill may have several benefits for health,
including protection against heart disease and
cancer. However, it's important to keep in
mind that most studies looking at the benefits
of dill use dill extracts.
Dill (Anethum graveolens) is the
perfect plant to have on hand at
this time of the year because it is
so good at soothing indigestion.
Both the seeds and leaves can be
made into a tea that will ease a
stomach-ache caused by wind,
and dill water will relieve colic.
81. Fennel Oil
Fennel's dried ripe seeds and oil are used to
make medicine. Fennel is used by mouth for
excessive crying in infants (colic), indigestion
(dyspepsia), menstrual cramps
(dysmenorrhea), and symptoms of
menopause, but there is no good scientific
evidence to support these uses.
Fennel is a digestive tract savior.
The seeds have a compound that
relaxes GI spasms, which allows gas
to pass and relieve bloating
In foods and beverages, fennel oil
and fennel seed are used as
flavoring agents.
used as a flavoring agent in certain
laxatives, and as a fragrance
component in soaps and cosmetics.