This document discusses the different ways that nouns can be made plural in English. It identifies several common patterns for forming plurals, including adding "s", changing the ending to "ves" for words ending in "f", and irregular plurals. It also notes exceptions like nouns that stay the same in both singular and plural forms. The document provides many examples to illustrate different pluralization rules and exceptions.

2. THE NOUN
SINGULAR NOUN
a car, an elephant, a student
PLURAL NOUN
people, children, schools

3. Plural noun
There are many ways in plural
noun.

4. 1. Almost plural noun + ”S”
 For example:
a car cars
a teacher teachers
a table tables
an umbrella umbrellas
a book books
a door doors
a dog dogs
a sister sisters

5. 2. S, SS, CH, SH, O, X, TCh + ’S’
For example:
 Bus buses
 Class classes
 Peach peaches
 Brush brushes
 Potato potatoes
 Fox foxes
 Watch watches

6. Some irregular words
For example:
 Piano pianos
 Photo photos
 Tobacco tobaccos
 Zero zeros
 Zolo zolos
 Kilo kilos

7. 3. Y + ’S’
Vowel + ‘y’+’s’
 Day days
 Key keys
Consonant + ‘y’+ ‘s’
 City cities
 Lady ladies

8. 4. f,fe + ‘S’=vesFor example:
 Thief thieves
 Wolf wolves
 Wife wives
 Knife knives
 Loaf loaves
 Sheaf sheaves
 Shelf shelves
 Calf calves
 Half halves
 Self selves

9. 5. Some noun have changed
irregular
For example:
 Man men
 Woman women
 Person people
 Mouse mice
 louse lice
 Foot feet
 Tooth teeth
 Goose geese

10. 7. Some noun same form in plural or
singular
a. Some animals and birds
 Swine, Deer, Sheep, Grouse
b. Some kinds of fish
 Trout, pike, salmon, perch
c. Say national
 Mongolian, Japanese, Swiss
d. Numeral
 Hundred, thousand, million, milliard

11. 8. Say the whole family
For example:
The Damdins
The Browns

12. 9. It changes 2 way in plural noun different
means
 A brother brothers
brethren
 A pea peas
pease
 A die dies
dice
 A staff staffs
staves
 A penny pence
pennies

13. 10. Singularia Tantum
Bread
Happiness
Sheep

14. 11. Pluralia tantum
Gymnastics
Trousers
Scissors
Sunglasses
Clothes
The United states
The Alps

15. 12. noun+ ‘s’= different mean
Colour colours
Custom customs
Picture pictures
Quarter quarters
Air airs

16. 13.
A 15 year-old girl
Two 15 year-old boys
A 4 hour lecture
A 5 storey building
A 3 mile walk
A 5 kilo bag of potatoes