Cell structure and function presentation for about 6-8 class students . Some of basic idea about cell . Types of cell, diff. Between plant and animal cell. All things are explain in very easy way.
The cell is the basic unit of all living organisms. In 1665, Robert Hooke first observed cells when examining cork under a microscope and coined the term. Cells can be unicellular, like amoeba, or multicellular, like humans. The main parts of a cell are the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. The nucleus contains DNA and controls the cell, while the cytoplasm contains organelles and is where most activities occur. Cells vary in shape and size but all living things are made of cells.
NCERT Class 8:Cell-structure and functionShreya520518
This document provides information about cell structure and function. It discusses the discovery of cells by early scientists like Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, Schleiden and Schwann. Cells are the basic structural and functional units of living organisms. They vary in shape, size and complexity. The document describes the main parts of cells including the cell membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm, nucleus, vacuoles and organelles. It distinguishes between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. The key difference between plant and animal cells is that plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts which are absent in animal cells.
The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms. All organisms are composed of cells, which can exist as unicellular organisms like bacteria or as multicellular organisms like plants and animals. Cells were first observed in the 1600s by Robert Hooke and Anton van Leeuwenhoek using early microscopes. It was later established that cells are the fundamental unit of life by scientists in the 1830s. Cells contain organelles and come in various shapes and sizes but all have the same basic chemical composition and their activity determines the structure and function of the organism.
The key discoveries in cell biology were made with the invention and improvement of microscopes. Robert Hooke first observed cells in 1665 using a primitive microscope. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek later discovered free living cells in pond water using an improved microscope. It was established that cells are the basic unit of all living things through the work of Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow, who proposed the cell theory in the 1800s.
Cell as basic unit of life ppt 88 slidesICHHA PURAK
This Power point presentation describes Cell as basic unit of life. The slides provide information about Discovery of cell,cell theory,number,size,shape and cell types .Differentiates prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types and point out major differences in plant and animal cell and also about structure and function of cell organelles
This document discusses cells and their cellular nature. It begins by introducing the topic of cells and how they relate to the common characteristic of all living things being cellular. It then discusses the history of cell discovery, including the invention of the microscope and key figures like Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, and those who developed the cell theory. It also covers basic cell structures like organelles, differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and examples of different cell types.
- The document provides content on the fundamental unit of life - the cell. It discusses key facts about cells, including that cells are the basic unit of structure and function for all living organisms.
- The content covers cell structures like the cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, ribosomes, and plastids. It also discusses the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
- The document concludes with 10 multiple choice questions to test understanding of the material presented.
This document provides information about cell structure and function in three parts:
1) It defines the cell as the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms and describes that cells arise from pre-existing cells.
2) It discusses the history of cell discovery and outlines some key cell structures like the cell membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm, nucleus, and organelles.
3) It compares key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, plant and animal cells, and describes the levels of organization in living beings from cells to organisms. Cell growth and cell division are also briefly explained.
The cell is the basic unit of all living organisms. In 1665, Robert Hooke first observed cells when examining cork under a microscope and coined the term. Cells can be unicellular, like amoeba, or multicellular, like humans. The main parts of a cell are the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. The nucleus contains DNA and controls the cell, while the cytoplasm contains organelles and is where most activities occur. Cells vary in shape and size but all living things are made of cells.
NCERT Class 8:Cell-structure and functionShreya520518
This document provides information about cell structure and function. It discusses the discovery of cells by early scientists like Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, Schleiden and Schwann. Cells are the basic structural and functional units of living organisms. They vary in shape, size and complexity. The document describes the main parts of cells including the cell membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm, nucleus, vacuoles and organelles. It distinguishes between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. The key difference between plant and animal cells is that plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts which are absent in animal cells.
The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms. All organisms are composed of cells, which can exist as unicellular organisms like bacteria or as multicellular organisms like plants and animals. Cells were first observed in the 1600s by Robert Hooke and Anton van Leeuwenhoek using early microscopes. It was later established that cells are the fundamental unit of life by scientists in the 1830s. Cells contain organelles and come in various shapes and sizes but all have the same basic chemical composition and their activity determines the structure and function of the organism.
The key discoveries in cell biology were made with the invention and improvement of microscopes. Robert Hooke first observed cells in 1665 using a primitive microscope. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek later discovered free living cells in pond water using an improved microscope. It was established that cells are the basic unit of all living things through the work of Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow, who proposed the cell theory in the 1800s.
Cell as basic unit of life ppt 88 slidesICHHA PURAK
This Power point presentation describes Cell as basic unit of life. The slides provide information about Discovery of cell,cell theory,number,size,shape and cell types .Differentiates prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types and point out major differences in plant and animal cell and also about structure and function of cell organelles
This document discusses cells and their cellular nature. It begins by introducing the topic of cells and how they relate to the common characteristic of all living things being cellular. It then discusses the history of cell discovery, including the invention of the microscope and key figures like Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, and those who developed the cell theory. It also covers basic cell structures like organelles, differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and examples of different cell types.
- The document provides content on the fundamental unit of life - the cell. It discusses key facts about cells, including that cells are the basic unit of structure and function for all living organisms.
- The content covers cell structures like the cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, ribosomes, and plastids. It also discusses the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
- The document concludes with 10 multiple choice questions to test understanding of the material presented.
This document provides information about cell structure and function in three parts:
1) It defines the cell as the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms and describes that cells arise from pre-existing cells.
2) It discusses the history of cell discovery and outlines some key cell structures like the cell membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm, nucleus, and organelles.
3) It compares key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, plant and animal cells, and describes the levels of organization in living beings from cells to organisms. Cell growth and cell division are also briefly explained.
Class 11 Biology Structural Organisation in Animals (6)Vista's Learning
Cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life. Organisms can be either unicellular, consisting of a single cell, or multicellular, composed of many cells. Unicellular organisms have cells that carry out all life functions, while multicellular organisms differentiate cells to take on specialized roles. The cell theory states that all living things are made of cells, cells come only from pre-existing cells, and the cell is the basic unit of structure and function.
The document provides information about cell biology and the discovery of cells. It discusses:
1. The cell theory which states that cells are the basic unit of life, arise from preexisting cells, and have similar structure and function.
2. How the first cells were discovered in 1665 by Robert Hooke and 1674 by Anton van Leeuwenhoek using early microscopes.
3. Key developments in microscopy that enabled better visualization of cells, including compound microscopes, light microscopes, transmission electron microscopes, and scanning electron microscopes.
- Cell theory states that the cell is the fundamental unit of life, cells are structurally and functionally similar, and organisms arise from pre-existing cells.
- Key developments included Hooke and Leeuwenhoek observing cells under microscopes in the 1600s, Brown discovering the nucleus in 1831, Schleiden and Schwann establishing that plants and animals are made of cells in 1838-1839, and Virchow proposing that all cells come from pre-existing cells in 1858.
- There are two main types of cells - prokaryotic cells which lack nuclei and organelles and eukaryotic cells which have distinct nuclei surrounded by membranes and organelles like mitochondria and Golgi bodies.
Class 8 ncert science chapter Cell structure and functions by Gaurav GhankhedeGaurav Ghankhede
Class 8 ncert science chapter Cell structure and functions by Gaurav GhankhedeClass 8 ncert science chapter Cell structure and functions by Gaurav Ghankhede
CELL- STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS CLASS 8.pptxADITYA ARYA
Cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms. Cells come in a variety of shapes and sizes depending on their function. A key discovery was made in 1665 by Robert Hooke who first observed "cells" in cork using a microscope. It was later determined that cells are the fundamental unit of all known living organisms. A typical cell contains a nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm which is enclosed by a cell membrane in eukaryotic cells. Organelles such as chloroplasts and mitochondria are also found within the cytoplasm and perform specific functions for the cell.
Prokaryotic cells were first observed by Robert Hooke in 1665 using a microscope. They are the smallest and simplest type of cell, lacking internal membrane-bound organelles and usually existing as single-celled organisms between 1 to 10 micrometers in size. Prokaryotic cells include bacteria and archaea and have four basic shapes - spherical cocci, rod-shaped bacilli, spiral-shaped spirochaete, and comma-shaped vibrio. They contain DNA that is not enclosed within a nucleus.
The document discusses cells, which are the basic units of life. It covers the milestones in the discovery of cells, defines what a cell is, explains the cell theory, and discusses the number, size, shape, and types of cells. The key points are:
- Cells were first observed by Robert Hooke in 1665 and are the smallest units of living matter that compose all living things.
- The cell theory established that all organisms are made of cells, cells are the basic units of life, and new cells are produced from existing cells.
- There are three main types of cells: prokaryotic, eukaryotic, and mesokaryotic, which differ in their nuclear and
This document provides information about cell structure and function. It discusses the key discoveries and concepts in cell theory, including that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and new cells are produced from existing cells. The common features of cells are described as DNA, a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes. There is diversity in cell types between unicellular and multicellular organisms, as well as in shapes, sizes, and structures. The document also summarizes the processes of cell division, including mitosis, meiosis, and binary fission. Diagrams of animal and plant cell structures are also included.
Robert Hooke first observed cells in 1656 when examining slices of cork under a microscope. He saw small boxes or compartments separated by walls, which he named "cells". Cells are the basic structural and functional units of all living organisms. They can be unicellular, consisting of a single cell, or multicellular, made of many cells. Cells come in various shapes and sizes, from bacteria only a few micrometers in size to ostrich egg cells over a centimeter long. The main parts of a cell are the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. Plant and animal cells are similar but plant cells have a cell wall and typically larger vacuoles, while animal cells lack a cell wall and have smaller vacuoles
1. The basic unit of structure and function in living organisms is the cell.
2. Robert Hooke in 1665 first observed cells using a simple microscope when examining cork.
3. Cells come in a variety of shapes and sizes depending on their function, ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 micrometers in bacteria to 170mm x 130mm in ostrich eggs. Their structures also vary between single-celled and multicellular organisms.
Here are the definitions and functions of the requested cellular components:
a. Chloroplast - Organelle found in plant cells where photosynthesis occurs. It contains chlorophyll.
b. Mitochondrion - Organelle where cellular respiration occurs, extracting energy from food through the process of respiration.
c. Nucleus - Control center of the cell that contains the genetic material DNA and directs cell activities.
d. Protoplasm - Living contents of the cell, consisting of the cytoplasm and organelles outside the nucleus.
e. Endoplasmic reticulum - Network of membranes that synthesize proteins and lipids and transport materials within the cell.
[Here is a labeled diagram of the cell
Cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms. All known living things are made up of one or more cells, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells through cell division. Important discoveries in cell theory included Hooke discovering cells in 1665, van Leeuwenhoek observing living cells in 1674, and Virchow proposing that all cells come from pre-existing cells in 1855. Cells vary greatly in size, from the smallest bacterial cell at 0.1 micrometers to the largest animal cell, the ostrich egg, at 18 centimeters. Cells also exhibit different shapes depending on their function, such as circular red blood cells for passing through capillaries or branched nerve cells for conducting impulses.
1. The document discusses the structure and function of cells. It provides background on the history of cell discovery from Hooke to Virchow and defines key terms like cytology.
2. The basic components of plant and animal cells are described along with the differences between them. Unicellular and multicellular organisms are also defined.
3. The key characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are summarized, including whether they have a nucleus, organelles, and how they reproduce. Diagrams of sample prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structures are also included.
1. The cell is the fundamental unit of structure and function of all living organisms, as discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665 when he observed "cells" in a cork slice under his microscope.
2. Cells contain specialized internal components called organelles that allow the cell to carry out its functions, and cells can be single-celled (unicellular) organisms or grouped together in multicellular organisms.
3. The document describes experiments observing onion cells under the microscope to learn that all living things are composed of cells, which can have different shapes and sizes depending on their function.
Biology lesson 1 " CELL THE FUNDAMENTAL UNIT OF LIFE "Rohitsatyaanand
Cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms. All living things are made up of one or more cells, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells through division. The cell theory states that the cell is the fundamental unit of structure and function in living things. Cells were first observed in the 1600s and the cell theory was developed over many years by scientists in the 1800s through observations of plant and animal cells under early microscopes. Cells vary greatly in size, shape, and structure depending on their function in unicellular or multicellular organisms.
The document discusses cells, which are the fundamental units of life. It describes key discoveries in cell biology, including Anton van Leeuwenhoek first observing cells under a microscope in the 1660s and Robert Hooke naming them. The cell theory developed in the 1830s-1850s states that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function, and new cells are produced from existing cells. The document contrasts prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and describes various cell structures like the nucleus, organelles, plasma membrane, and ribosomes. It provides examples of cell shape, size, and function across different organisms.
Cells are the basic unit of life and all living things are made of one or more cells. Unicellular organisms are made of only one cell while multicellular organisms are made of more than one cell, like humans and plants. Cells come in different sizes and types and microscopes are needed to view most cells. Cells have organelles like the nucleus and cytoplasm that allow them to carry out basic functions and they divide through cell division to grow and reproduce. Different cell types specialize in different functions to form tissues, organs, systems and ultimately complex multicellular organisms.
The document discusses cell theory and the history of cell discovery. It explains that Robert Hooke first observed cells in 1665 using a microscope. Anton van Leeuwenhoek later observed single-celled organisms. In the 1830s-1840s, scientists including Matthias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann, and Rudolf Virchow developed cell theory, which states that all organisms are composed of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and new cells are produced from existing cells. The document also describes key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
The document discusses cells and their basic components. It explains that a cell is the fundamental unit of life, measuring 50-100 micrometers. Robert Hooke first observed cells in 1665 using a microscope and coined the term "cell" to describe the box-like structures he saw in dead cork slices. The basic parts of a cell include the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. The cell membrane is a semi-permeable barrier made of lipids and proteins that surrounds the cell, while the cell wall is a rigid outer layer made of cellulose that provides structural support in plant cells.
The document discusses cell theory and outlines the key discoveries by scientists like Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, Schleiden, and Schwann that led to the current understanding of cells. It also provides details on the structure and functions of organelles in plant and animal cells, compares characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and describes different types of plant tissues.
Class 11 Biology Structural Organisation in Animals (6)Vista's Learning
Cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life. Organisms can be either unicellular, consisting of a single cell, or multicellular, composed of many cells. Unicellular organisms have cells that carry out all life functions, while multicellular organisms differentiate cells to take on specialized roles. The cell theory states that all living things are made of cells, cells come only from pre-existing cells, and the cell is the basic unit of structure and function.
The document provides information about cell biology and the discovery of cells. It discusses:
1. The cell theory which states that cells are the basic unit of life, arise from preexisting cells, and have similar structure and function.
2. How the first cells were discovered in 1665 by Robert Hooke and 1674 by Anton van Leeuwenhoek using early microscopes.
3. Key developments in microscopy that enabled better visualization of cells, including compound microscopes, light microscopes, transmission electron microscopes, and scanning electron microscopes.
- Cell theory states that the cell is the fundamental unit of life, cells are structurally and functionally similar, and organisms arise from pre-existing cells.
- Key developments included Hooke and Leeuwenhoek observing cells under microscopes in the 1600s, Brown discovering the nucleus in 1831, Schleiden and Schwann establishing that plants and animals are made of cells in 1838-1839, and Virchow proposing that all cells come from pre-existing cells in 1858.
- There are two main types of cells - prokaryotic cells which lack nuclei and organelles and eukaryotic cells which have distinct nuclei surrounded by membranes and organelles like mitochondria and Golgi bodies.
Class 8 ncert science chapter Cell structure and functions by Gaurav GhankhedeGaurav Ghankhede
Class 8 ncert science chapter Cell structure and functions by Gaurav GhankhedeClass 8 ncert science chapter Cell structure and functions by Gaurav Ghankhede
CELL- STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS CLASS 8.pptxADITYA ARYA
Cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms. Cells come in a variety of shapes and sizes depending on their function. A key discovery was made in 1665 by Robert Hooke who first observed "cells" in cork using a microscope. It was later determined that cells are the fundamental unit of all known living organisms. A typical cell contains a nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm which is enclosed by a cell membrane in eukaryotic cells. Organelles such as chloroplasts and mitochondria are also found within the cytoplasm and perform specific functions for the cell.
Prokaryotic cells were first observed by Robert Hooke in 1665 using a microscope. They are the smallest and simplest type of cell, lacking internal membrane-bound organelles and usually existing as single-celled organisms between 1 to 10 micrometers in size. Prokaryotic cells include bacteria and archaea and have four basic shapes - spherical cocci, rod-shaped bacilli, spiral-shaped spirochaete, and comma-shaped vibrio. They contain DNA that is not enclosed within a nucleus.
The document discusses cells, which are the basic units of life. It covers the milestones in the discovery of cells, defines what a cell is, explains the cell theory, and discusses the number, size, shape, and types of cells. The key points are:
- Cells were first observed by Robert Hooke in 1665 and are the smallest units of living matter that compose all living things.
- The cell theory established that all organisms are made of cells, cells are the basic units of life, and new cells are produced from existing cells.
- There are three main types of cells: prokaryotic, eukaryotic, and mesokaryotic, which differ in their nuclear and
This document provides information about cell structure and function. It discusses the key discoveries and concepts in cell theory, including that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and new cells are produced from existing cells. The common features of cells are described as DNA, a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes. There is diversity in cell types between unicellular and multicellular organisms, as well as in shapes, sizes, and structures. The document also summarizes the processes of cell division, including mitosis, meiosis, and binary fission. Diagrams of animal and plant cell structures are also included.
Robert Hooke first observed cells in 1656 when examining slices of cork under a microscope. He saw small boxes or compartments separated by walls, which he named "cells". Cells are the basic structural and functional units of all living organisms. They can be unicellular, consisting of a single cell, or multicellular, made of many cells. Cells come in various shapes and sizes, from bacteria only a few micrometers in size to ostrich egg cells over a centimeter long. The main parts of a cell are the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. Plant and animal cells are similar but plant cells have a cell wall and typically larger vacuoles, while animal cells lack a cell wall and have smaller vacuoles
1. The basic unit of structure and function in living organisms is the cell.
2. Robert Hooke in 1665 first observed cells using a simple microscope when examining cork.
3. Cells come in a variety of shapes and sizes depending on their function, ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 micrometers in bacteria to 170mm x 130mm in ostrich eggs. Their structures also vary between single-celled and multicellular organisms.
Here are the definitions and functions of the requested cellular components:
a. Chloroplast - Organelle found in plant cells where photosynthesis occurs. It contains chlorophyll.
b. Mitochondrion - Organelle where cellular respiration occurs, extracting energy from food through the process of respiration.
c. Nucleus - Control center of the cell that contains the genetic material DNA and directs cell activities.
d. Protoplasm - Living contents of the cell, consisting of the cytoplasm and organelles outside the nucleus.
e. Endoplasmic reticulum - Network of membranes that synthesize proteins and lipids and transport materials within the cell.
[Here is a labeled diagram of the cell
Cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms. All known living things are made up of one or more cells, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells through cell division. Important discoveries in cell theory included Hooke discovering cells in 1665, van Leeuwenhoek observing living cells in 1674, and Virchow proposing that all cells come from pre-existing cells in 1855. Cells vary greatly in size, from the smallest bacterial cell at 0.1 micrometers to the largest animal cell, the ostrich egg, at 18 centimeters. Cells also exhibit different shapes depending on their function, such as circular red blood cells for passing through capillaries or branched nerve cells for conducting impulses.
1. The document discusses the structure and function of cells. It provides background on the history of cell discovery from Hooke to Virchow and defines key terms like cytology.
2. The basic components of plant and animal cells are described along with the differences between them. Unicellular and multicellular organisms are also defined.
3. The key characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are summarized, including whether they have a nucleus, organelles, and how they reproduce. Diagrams of sample prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structures are also included.
1. The cell is the fundamental unit of structure and function of all living organisms, as discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665 when he observed "cells" in a cork slice under his microscope.
2. Cells contain specialized internal components called organelles that allow the cell to carry out its functions, and cells can be single-celled (unicellular) organisms or grouped together in multicellular organisms.
3. The document describes experiments observing onion cells under the microscope to learn that all living things are composed of cells, which can have different shapes and sizes depending on their function.
Biology lesson 1 " CELL THE FUNDAMENTAL UNIT OF LIFE "Rohitsatyaanand
Cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms. All living things are made up of one or more cells, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells through division. The cell theory states that the cell is the fundamental unit of structure and function in living things. Cells were first observed in the 1600s and the cell theory was developed over many years by scientists in the 1800s through observations of plant and animal cells under early microscopes. Cells vary greatly in size, shape, and structure depending on their function in unicellular or multicellular organisms.
The document discusses cells, which are the fundamental units of life. It describes key discoveries in cell biology, including Anton van Leeuwenhoek first observing cells under a microscope in the 1660s and Robert Hooke naming them. The cell theory developed in the 1830s-1850s states that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function, and new cells are produced from existing cells. The document contrasts prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and describes various cell structures like the nucleus, organelles, plasma membrane, and ribosomes. It provides examples of cell shape, size, and function across different organisms.
Cells are the basic unit of life and all living things are made of one or more cells. Unicellular organisms are made of only one cell while multicellular organisms are made of more than one cell, like humans and plants. Cells come in different sizes and types and microscopes are needed to view most cells. Cells have organelles like the nucleus and cytoplasm that allow them to carry out basic functions and they divide through cell division to grow and reproduce. Different cell types specialize in different functions to form tissues, organs, systems and ultimately complex multicellular organisms.
The document discusses cell theory and the history of cell discovery. It explains that Robert Hooke first observed cells in 1665 using a microscope. Anton van Leeuwenhoek later observed single-celled organisms. In the 1830s-1840s, scientists including Matthias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann, and Rudolf Virchow developed cell theory, which states that all organisms are composed of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and new cells are produced from existing cells. The document also describes key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
The document discusses cells and their basic components. It explains that a cell is the fundamental unit of life, measuring 50-100 micrometers. Robert Hooke first observed cells in 1665 using a microscope and coined the term "cell" to describe the box-like structures he saw in dead cork slices. The basic parts of a cell include the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. The cell membrane is a semi-permeable barrier made of lipids and proteins that surrounds the cell, while the cell wall is a rigid outer layer made of cellulose that provides structural support in plant cells.
The document discusses cell theory and outlines the key discoveries by scientists like Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, Schleiden, and Schwann that led to the current understanding of cells. It also provides details on the structure and functions of organelles in plant and animal cells, compares characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and describes different types of plant tissues.
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...Leonel Morgado
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...Sérgio Sacani
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...AbdullaAlAsif1
The pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys colletei, is known for its viviparous nature, this presents an intriguing case of relatively low fecundity, raising questions about potential compensatory reproductive strategies employed by this species. Our study delves into the examination of fecundity and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) in the Pygmy Halfbeak, D. colletei (Meisner, 2001), an intriguing viviparous fish indigenous to Sarawak, Borneo. We hypothesize that the Pygmy halfbeak, D. colletei, may exhibit unique reproductive adaptations to offset its low fecundity, thus enhancing its survival and fitness. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive study utilizing 28 mature female specimens of D. colletei, carefully measuring fecundity and GSI to shed light on the reproductive adaptations of this species. Our findings reveal that D. colletei indeed exhibits low fecundity, with a mean of 16.76 ± 2.01, and a mean GSI of 12.83 ± 1.27, providing crucial insights into the reproductive mechanisms at play in this species. These results underscore the existence of unique reproductive strategies in D. colletei, enabling its adaptation and persistence in Borneo's diverse aquatic ecosystems, and call for further ecological research to elucidate these mechanisms. This study lends to a better understanding of viviparous fish in Borneo and contributes to the broader field of aquatic ecology, enhancing our knowledge of species adaptations to unique ecological challenges.
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths ForwardLeonel Morgado
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...Travis Hills MN
Travis Hills of Minnesota developed a method to convert waste into high-value dry fertilizer, significantly enriching soil quality. By providing farmers with a valuable resource derived from waste, Travis Hills helps enhance farm profitability while promoting environmental stewardship. Travis Hills' sustainable practices lead to cost savings and increased revenue for farmers by improving resource efficiency and reducing waste.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...Leonel Morgado
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
2. CONTENT
WHAT IS CELL ?
CELL NUMBER, SHAPE AND SIZE
TYPES OF CELL
DIFFERENCE B/W PLANT AND
ANIMAL CELLS
LEVEL OF ORGANIZATION
3. WHAT IS CELL ?
• The cell is the smallest unit of life .
• Cell is the structural and functional unit of living organism.
HELLO, I’M
CELL
4. DISCOVERY OF CELL
• Robert Hooke was the first scientist to discover existence of cell with the help of
microscope in 1965.
• He observed thin slices of cork ( a part bark of a tree) under the microscope and saw the
honeycomb like structure.
• Hooke observed cell wall because cork cell is dead and without cytoplasmic contents.
• Anton van Leeuwenhoek was the first person who observed living cell under
microscope and named them animalcules (little animals).
5. CELL NUMBER
On the basis of no. of cell ,living organisms can be classified into two categories:-
1. Unicellular - Living organism consists of single cell.
Example: Amoeba, Euglena
2. Multicellular – Living organism consists of more than one cell.
Example: Earthworm, Human being
Amoeba Euglena Earthworm Human being
6. CELL SHAPE AND CELL SIZE
CELL SHAPE:
• The shape of cell differ not only in different organisms, but also in different organs of
some organism.
• Shape may be oval,spherical,cuboidal, fibre like or polygonal.
CELL SIZE:
• The difference in size of organism is due to the number of cells present in them.
• The smallest cell Pleuro Pneumonia like organism (PPLO) are called mycoplasma is
about 0.1 micron meter in diameter.
• The largest cell is Ostrich cell with 170mm in diameter.
• The longest cell in human body is Neuron.
7. CELL TYPES
On the basis of their nuclear organization, cell of two types:
Prokaryotic: In Greek, {Pro: primitive ; karyon: nucleus.}
1. No nucleus
2. No membrane bound organelles like mitochondria or chloroplasts.
3. Very small 1-10 micro meter.
4. First type of cell on earth.
5. Cell division take place by budding and fission.
6. It contain single chromosome which is circular in shape.
Example: Bacteria and Blue green algae
8. EUKARYOTIC: In Greek, { Eu: true ; karyon :nucleus.}
1. True nucleus.
2. Membrane bound organelles.
3. Cell size 10-100 micro meter.
4. It contain more than one chromosome.
5. Cell division take place by mitosis and meiosis.
Example: fungi , protists, plant and animal cells.
9. PARTS OF CELL
• Nucleus
• Nuclear membrane
• Plastid
• Cytoplasm
• Chloroplast (in plant cell)
• Mitochondria
• Endoplasmic reticulum (SER Or RER)
• Golgi body/golgi complex
• Vacuoles
• Ribosomes
• Lysosomes
10. Cell components/
Organelles
Plant cell Animal cell
Cell wall Present Absent
Cell membrane Present Present
Plastid Present Absent
size larger Comparatively smaller
vacuoles Large size and more in
number
Small size or absent
Mitochondria Present Present
Nucleus Present Present
chloroplast Present Absent
ribosome Present Present
DIFFERENCES B/W PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS