This document summarizes different types of faults including normal faults. It defines normal faults as faults where the hanging wall moves downward relative to the footwall, emplacing younger rocks on top of older rocks. It describes several features of normal faults including their typical steep dip of 60 degrees. Deeper normal faults can develop ductile features like mylonitic textures in shear zones. The document classifies normal faults into several categories based on their geometry including detachment faults, imbricate faults, faults that dip inward with depth, and faults that form horst and graben structures. It also describes how displacement on normal faults can be rotational or non-rotational depending on changes in the fault block orientation.

1.  Presented By : Kh Waqas Yousaf
 Roll. No # 08
 Presented To : Dr. Jahanzab Khan
 Subject : NeoTectonics
 Session : 2019-2021

2. • Fracture Surface in rock across which there is relative motion parallel to the surface
between the adjacent blocks of the rock.
• The force may be tensional or compressional.

3.  Strike Slip Fault
 Dip Slip Fault/Normal Fault
 Diagonal Slip Fault/ Oblige Fault
Faults are classified in two types:
a- Geometric b- Genetic
A- Geometric classification of faults:

4.  Faults in which the hanging wall move downward with respect to
foot wall.
 They emplace younger rocks on the top of older rocks.
 Most Normal Faults have steep dips of about 60°.
Hanging wall
Foot wall

5.  Normal fault exits at all level in the crust.
 The surface features of faults vary with the shape of the
fault, the depth at which movement on the fault occurred.
 At shallow level, normal faults develop cataclastic rocks,
slickensides, and slickenside lineations.
 At deeper structural levels, normal fault develop feature
associated with ductile deformation, including mylonitic
textures which may be present in shear zones tens to
hundreds of meters in thickness.

6. Detachment fault.

8. 2- Imbricate Fault
• The set of parallel faults which are closely spaced parallel faults of the same type that either terminate
or merge with detachment fault.
• Normal Faults in the hanging wall may form set of imbricate faults.
3- Imbricate Fault
• The faults which are concave upward fault
• Whose dip decreases with the increasing depth

9. 4- Horst & Graben

10. 5- Half Graben

11. 6- Synthetic And Antithetic Fault

12.  Displacement on ideal normal faults is parallel to the dip of
the fault surface.
 If the strike of the fault varies, however, rigid movement o
the HW block relative to the FW block cannot everywhere be
down the dip of the fault.(Fig.1&2).
 Movement on normal fault can be either nonrotational or
rotational, depending on whether the orientation of the fault
block remain constant or changes as a result of faulting.

13. Fig. Displacement on normal faults
with a ramp-flat geometry, showing
characteristic deformation of the
hanging wall.
1. A fault-ramp syncline.
2. A fault-bend anticline.
fFig. 1
Fig. 2