The document summarizes the Non-Cooperation Movement in India and the various groups that participated in different ways. It discusses Gandhi's call for non-cooperation with the British and the initial enthusiasm in urban areas. However, the movement also led to unrest in rural areas as peasants struggled against high rents and taxes. Various peasant movements emerged led by figures like Baba Ramchandra. The movement also saw militant uprisings in some areas like the Gudem hills, which the Congress did not fully support. Workers and tribals also joined but interpreted "Swaraj" in their own ways, seeing it as an end to their struggles and suffering.

1. NON COPERATION
MOVEMENT
• Reasons for the Non-Cooperation
Movement.
• Tussle with the Congress.
BY- Ananya Singh
(10-A)

2. WHY NON-COOPERATION
MOVEMENT?
 Gandhi Ji declared that British Rule was established in India with the
cooperation of Indians and had survived inly because of this
cooperation. He believed that if the Indians refuse to cooperate, the
British rule would collapse within a year and SWARAJ would come.
 He proposed that the movement should unfold in stages. It should
begin with the surrender of the titles that the government had
awarded, and a boycott of civil services, army, police, courts and
legislative councils, schools and foreign goods.
 Then, in case the government used repression, a full disobedience
movement campaign would be launched. Through the summer of
1920 Mahatma Gandhi and Shaukat Ali toured extensively,
mobilizing popular support for the movement. All this had to be
done with no use of violence, hence therefore causing great
resistance.

4. TUSSLE WITH
CONGRESS
 Many within the congress were, however, concerned about the
proposals. They were reluctant to boycott the council elections
scheduled for November 1920, and they feared that the movement
may lead to popular violence. In the months between September and
December, there was an intense tussle within the congress.
 For a while, there seemed no meeting point between the supporters
and the opponents of the movement. Finally, at the congress session
at Nagpur in december1920, a compromise was worked out and the
non- cooperation movement was adopted.
 The non-cooperation Khilafat movement began in January 1921.
Various social groups participated in this movement. All of them
responded to the call of SWARAJ, but the term meant different
things to different people.

5. Non-Cooperation Movement
[The movement in Towns]
The Non-Cooperation Movement was practised with full
enthusiasm and Zeal initially in the urban cities and
towns by people who looked up to Gandhi and his
methods of Agitation.
Since Gandhi infused new energy in the nationalist
struggle, converting it into a mass movement, people
found new ways of venting their voice and dissent.

6. Economic Effects of Non-
Cooperation Movement
 Foreign goods were boycotted on a large scale, liquor
shops were picketed, and foreign clothes were burnt in
huge bonfires.
 The import of Foreign cloth halved between 1921 and
1922, value dropped from Rupees 102 Crore to Rupees
57 Crore.
 Merchants and Traders refused to trade in foreign
goods or finance foreign trade.
 People started disregarding foreign cloth and began
wearing only Indian clothing clothing ; production of
Indian textile mills and hand looms went up.

7. Participation of
Middle Class in the
Movement
Surrender of Titles
Boycott of Schools and
Colleges
The council elections
were boycotted
Foreign goods were
burnt , encouraged
people to use Khadi.
Lawyers gave up their
legal practices ,
headmasters and
teachers resigned.

8. But the movement started fizzling out as
hand made goods, Khadi were expensive
and poor could not afford it.
Like wise, there were no alternative Indian
institutions to cater to students and
teachers so they began trickling back to
government schools and lawyers joined
back work in government courts.

9. REBELLION IN
COUNTRYSIDE
BY
- AISHANI DOGRA

10. • The movement ,from the cities to countryside.
It included struggles of peasants and tribals
developing in different parts of India.
• In Awadh peasants were led by Baba
Ramchandra.
• The movement was against
TULKEDARS who demanded
HIGH rents and other cesses i.e.
variety of taxes from peasants.
-Aishani

11. • BEGAR- Labour that villagers were forced to
contribute without any payements.
• Peasants had to do begar. They as tennants had NO
security of tenure as they were often evicted so that
they did not acquire any right over leased land.
PEASANT MOVEMENT DEMANDED
1)Reduction of revenue
2)Abolition of BEGAR
3)Social boycott of opressive landlords.
Panchayats organised NAI DHOBHI BANDHS were
barbers and washermen denied to offer services to
wealthy landlord.
-Aishani

12. • In June 1920 Nehru began going around in villages of
Awadh and talked to them about their problems.
In October OUDH KISAN SABHA was set up by Nehru, Baba
Ramchandra and a few others.
WHY CONGRESS LEADERSHIP
WAS UNHAPPY-
•When non cooperation movement started the next year Congress tried
to integrate the Awadh peasant struggle into wider struggle however
the movement developed in forms with which Congress was unhappy.
•With advancement of the movement
In 1921
1) houses of TULKEDARS were
attacked
2)Bazaars looted
3)Grain hoards were taken over

13. Use of Gandhi’s name
Mahatma Gandhi’s name was being invoked to
sanction all actions and aspiration.
•Local leaders told peasants that Gandhiji had
declared that -
1)no taxes were to be paid
2)Land was to be redistributed among the poor
-Aishani

14. Militant guerrilla
movement
In the Guden hills of Andhra Pradesh for instance a
militant guerrilla movement spread in the early 1920s
which was not a type struggle that the congress could
approve.
Herein the colonial government closed large forest
areas,preventing people from entering the forests to
graze their cattle or to collect fuelwood and fruits.
This in turn enraged the hill people as they were also
being forced to pay begar
Not only were their livelihood affected but they felt
that their traditional rights were being denied
BY- INDERASH

15. BY- RIJUL KALIA

16.  Alluri Sitarama Raju was an Indian
revolutionary involved in the Indian
Independence Movement.
 Alluri sitaram raju claimed
that he possessed a variety
of special powers ; he could make
correct astrological predictions
and heal people, and he could
survive even bullet shots
 Captivated by Raju, the rebels
proclaimed that he was an incarnation of god.
 Raju talked of the greatness of Mahatma
Gandhi ,said he was inspired by the non
cooperation movement.

17.  He persuaded people to wear khadi and give up
drinking. But at the same time he asserted that
India could be liberated only by the use of force ,
not non-violence.
 The gudem rebels attacked
police stations, attempted
to kill British officials and
carried on guernilla warfare
for achieving swaraj.
 Raju was captured and
executed in 1924,and over
time became a folk hero

18. WORKERS TOO HAD THIER OWN UNDERSTANDING OF
MAHATMA GANDHI AND THE NOTION OF SWARAJ.
FOR PLANTATION WORKERS IN ASSAM, FREEDOM
MEANT THE RIGHT TO MOVE FREELYIN AND OUT OF
THE CONFINED IN WHICH THEY WERE ENCLOSED,
AND IT MEANT RETAINING A LINKWITH THE VILLAGE
FROM WHICH THEY HAD COME.
BY- PALLAVI JAIN

19. UNDER THE INLAND IMIGRATION ACT OF1859, PLANTATION WORKERS WERE
NOT PERMITTED TO LEAVE THE TEA GARDENS WITHOUT PERMISSION AND
INFACT THE WERE RARELY GIVEN SUCH PERMISSION.
WHEN THEY HEARD OF THE NON COOPERATION
MOVEMENT THOUSANDS OF WORKERS DEFIED THE
AUTHOROTIES, LEFT THE PLANTATIONS AND HEADED
HOME. THEY BELIEVED THAT THE GANDHI RAJ WAS
COMING AND EVERYONE WOULD BE GIVEN LAND IN
THEIR OWN VILLAGE. THEY HOWEVER NEVER
REACHED THEIR DESTINATION. STRANDED ON THE
WAY BY A RAILWAY AND STREAMER STRIKE, THEY
WERE CAUGHT BY THE POLICE AND BRUTALLY BEATEN
UP.

20. THE VISION OF THESE MOVEMENTS WERE NOT
DEFINED BY THE CONGRESS PROGRAMME. THEY
INTERPRETED THE TERM SWARAJ IN THEIR OWN
WAYS , IMAGINING IT WOULD BE A TIME WHEN
ALL SUFFERINGS AND ALL TROUBLES WOULD BE
OVER. YET, WHEN THE TRIBALS CHANTED
GANDHIJI’S NAME AND RAISED SLOGANS
DEMANDING “SWATANTRA BHARAT” THEY WERE
ALSO EMOTIONALLY RELATING TO AN ALLINDIA
AGITATION. WHEN THEY ACTED IN THE NAME OF
MAHATAMA GANDHI, OR LINKED THEIR
MOVEMENT TO THAT OF THE CONGRESS, THEY
WERE IDENTIFYING WITH A MOVEMENT WHICH
WENT BEYOND THE LIMITS OF THEIR IMMEDIATE
LOCALITY.