This document provides an overview of natural language processing (NLP). It discusses the key components of NLP, which are natural language understanding (NLU) and natural language generation (NLG). It also outlines the main steps involved in NLP, including lexical analysis, syntactical analysis, semantic analysis, disclosure integration, and pragmatic analysis. Finally, it lists some common applications of NLP such as natural language generation, question answering, speech recognition, and sentiment analysis.

2. TABLE OF CONTENTS.
 What is NLP?
 Components of NLP
 NLU
 NLG
 Steps involved in NLP
 Applications of NLP.

3. What is NLP??
User 1 User 2
Machine

4. COMPONENTS OF NLP:-
Natural Language Understanding
(NLU)
Natural Language Generation(NLG)

5. Natural language understanding:-
 Here the speech input get transformed into useful
representation in order to analyse the various aspects of
language.
A natural language can be very ambiguous(different
meaning of same sentence)
Lexical ambiguity:- It mean the word level
ambiguity {noun or verb}
Syntactical ambiguity:- it is about parsing of the
sentence .eg:-f1- call me a cab.
f2- Ok,you are a cab
Referential ambiguity:- meaning is not well
referred from sentence

6. Example of referential ambiguity
MEERA went to GEETA and said ‘I am hungry’
Here who is hungry is not clear from the sentence
This is referential ambiguity

7. Natural Language Generation
This is the process of converting the information
(representation ) to natural language
The process included in this are:-
 Text Planning:- It includes the extracting knowledge from
knowledge base
 Sentence Planning :- this includes selection of correct
words and forming sentences which follow the grammar
 Text realization :-Mapping the planned sentence into
reality

8. FLOW CHART(steps involved in NLP )

9. Lexical analysis
It deals with the recognition and identification
of structure of sentence
It divides the paragraph onto sentences,
phrases,words

10. Syntactical Analysis
 Here the sentences are parsed as
noun,verb,adjectives and other part of
sentences
 Here the grammar of the sentences is
analyzed in order to get the relationship
among different words in a sentences

11. Semantic Analysis
 Here the actual meaning of the sentence
is extracted from the words used
 It checks whether the sentence makes any
meaning
 Eg.’Bitter sugar’ this is rejected in semantic
phase because it doesn’t makes any
meaning.

12. Disclosure Integration
Here the meaning of the sentence is
verified with sentence before it.

13. Pragmatic analysis
 Here the sentences are re-interpreted
to verify the correctness of meaning in
the given context.
 Here the real world knowledge of
language is required

14. Applications:-
 Natural Language generation
 Question answering
 Speech recognition
 Sentiment analysis