The document outlines the 5 phases of natural language processing (NLP): 1. Morphological analysis breaks text into paragraphs, sentences, words and assigns parts of speech. 2. Syntactic analysis checks grammar and parses sentences. 3. Semantic analysis focuses on literal word and phrase meanings. 4. Discourse integration considers the effect of previous sentences on current ones. 5. Pragmatic analysis discovers intended effects by applying cooperative dialogue rules.

1. Phases of NLP
Presented by
Md. Monir Ahammod
16CSE061
Department of Computer
Science and Engineering
BSMRSTU
Supervised by
Md. Nesarul Hoque
Assistant Professor,
Department of Computer
Science and Engineering
BSMRSTU

2. Contents
What is NLP?
Phases of NLP
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3. What is NLP?
 NLP stands for Natural Language Processing, which is a part of
Computer Science, Human language, and Artificial Intelligence.
 It is the technology that is used by machines to understand, analyze,
manipulate, and interpret human's languages.
 NLP plays an important role in various applications.
 To name a few – Virtual Assistants, Speech To Text, Machine
Translations, AutoCorrect, and much more.
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4. Phases of NLP
 The process of Natural Language Processing is divided into 5 major
stages or phases.
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5. Morphological Analysis/Lexical Analysis
 This phase scans the source code as a stream of characters and
converts it into meaningful lexemes.
 It divides the whole text into paragraphs, sentences, and words.
 For example, irrationally can be broken into ir (prefix), rational (root)
and -ly (suffix).
 It also assigns the possible Part-Of-Speech (POS) to the word.
 For example, the word “character” can be used as a noun or a verb.
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6. Syntactic Analysis (Parsing)
 Syntax Analysis ensures that a given piece of text is correct structure.
 It tries to parse the sentence to check correct grammar at the sentence
level.
 It also assigns the possible Part-Of-Speech (POS) to the word.
 For example:
Correct Syntax: Sun rises in the east.
Incorrect Syntax: Rise in sun the east.
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7. Semantic Analysis
 Semantic analysis is concerned with the meaning representation.
 It mainly focuses on the literal meaning of words, phrases, and
sentences.
 Consider the sentence: “The apple ate a banana”. Although the
sentence is syntactically correct.
 It doesn’t make sense because apples can’t eat.
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8. Discourse Integration
 Discourse deals with the effect of a previous sentence on the sentence
in consideration.
 In the text, “Jack is a bright student. He spends most of the time in the
library.”
 Here, discourse assigns “he” to refer to “Jack”.
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9. Pragmatic Analysis
 Pragmatic is the fifth and last phase of NLP.
 It helps you to discover the intended effect by applying a set of rules
that characterize cooperative dialogues.
 For Example: "Open the door" is interpreted as a request instead of an
order.
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10. Thanks All
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