The document provides an overview of syntax, defining it as the study of how words are organized in sentences according to various grammatical rules. It discusses concepts such as immediate constituents and tagmemic grammar, emphasizing the structural organization of sentences and the relationships between their elements. Additionally, it includes examples of sentence constructions and the analysis methods used in syntactic studies.

1. INTRODUCTION OF SYNTAX
Present by :
Chely Amelya
Cut Nila Adetia
Rozi Rahmahdhani
Lecturer : Budi Hamuddin, M.Esl
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF EDUCATION AND TEACHER’S TRAINING
LANCANG KUNING UNIVERSITY
2015

2. 1. Syntax
2. Construction
3. Immediate Constituent
4. Immediate Constituent Analysis
5. Syntactic Constructions
A. Some Basic Concepts

3. According to Paul Roberts (1964:1)
Syntax as the area of grammar which is concerned with
the relationships of words in sentences, the ways in
which they are put together to form sentence.
1. Definition of Syntax
According to O’Grady and Dobrovolsky (1989:126)
Syntax as the area of grammar which is concerned with
the relationships of words in sentences, the ways in
which they are put together to form sentence.

4. According toVanVolin (2001:1)
First and fore most, syntax deals with how sentences
are constucted and users of human language employ,
striking variety of possible arrangements of the
element in sentences.
1. Definition of Syntax
Syntax is the study about how to consruct the group of
word by using system of rules to be a phrase, clause,
and sentences.

5. Construction refers to the overall process organization
of grammatical unit.
2. Construction
Example, the sentence :
The old dog lay in the corner.
That sentence contains two composite form,
Old dog and lay in the corner

6. Constituent is combination of morphems. It also said
the words which use in construction.
3. Immediate Constituent (IC)
Example, the sentence :
The old man who lives there has gone to his son’s house.
Old man : IC

7. Immediate Constituent Analysis (IC analysis) is the
study of IC.
It can also said as tools used to organize IC.
IC analysis shows by tree diagram
4. Immediate Constituent Analysis

8. Tree diagram
man
dog

9. One basic assumption is that there is
always an ‘ observer perspective’ on the
data.
B. Basic Assumptions

10. C. Basic Concepts ofTagmemic Grammar
1. Tagmeme
2. Construction or Syntagmeme
3. Level of Grammar
4. Mapping
According Cook (1969;13),
Tagmemic grammar is a set of procedures for the
descriptions of language.
There are four basic consepts of tagmemic grammar,
they are :

11. According to Cook (1964:15)
Tagmeme as the correlation of functional slot with the
class of items that will fill that slot.
Example :
Aux : Auxilary Slot
Base: Base Slot
Comp: Complement Slot
Det: Determiner Slot
O: Object Slot
S : Subject Slot
1. Tagmeme

12. 3. The Grammatical Level

13. The last basic concept of tagmemic grammar, that
is the representation of tagmemes at the
grammatical levels.
Accordingly, morphems are mapped into words,
words into phrases, phrases into clauses, and
clauses into sentences.
4. Mapping