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Nigar sultana muscle injuries
- 1. JAMIAJAMIA HAMDARDHAMDARD ASSIGNMENT ON MUSCLE INJURIESMUSCLE INJURIES •SUBMITTED TO: PREPARED BY: •DR.MINHAJ NIGAR SULTANA •DEPT. OF SURGERY ROLL NO. 32 •FACULTY OF MEDICINE B.U.M.S IIIrd Prof
- 4. INDEX INTRODUCTION MUSCULAR SYSTEM TYPE OF MUSCLES PROPERTIES OF MUSCLES ACTION OF MUSCLES TYPE OF MUSCLE INJURIES CONTUSION STRAIN INJURY OF TENDONS CRAMPS AND SPRAINS CHRONIC MUSCULO TENDINOUS INJURY REFERENCE
- 5. Muscular System • Muscles are responsible for all types of body movement. • 3 basic muscle types found in body: • Cardiac muscle • Smooth muscle • Skeletal muscle
- 6. Muscle Types
- 7. Smooth Muscle • Small and spindle shaped • Unmarked by an distinctive striations • aka Visceral • Involuntary • Unattached to bones • Act slowly • Do not tire easily • Can remain contracted for long time • Actions controlled by autonomic nervous system • Found in wall of internal organs – Stomach – Intestines – Uterus – Blood vessels
- 8. Cardiac Muscle • Only found in heart • Striated and branched • Involuntary • Membranes of adjacent cells fused at intercalated discs
- 9. Skeletal Muscle • Attached to bones of the skeleton • Striped or striated – Have cross-bandings of alternating light/dark bands running perpendicular to length of muscle • Also known as Voluntary muscle • Movement to limbs – Contract quickly – Fatigue easily – Lack ability to remain contracted for prolong periods
- 10. Structure of a Skeletal Muscle
- 11. Skeletal Muscle Function Produce movement • Maintain posture • Stabilize joints • Generate heat Site of muscle attachments • Bones • Cartilage • Connective tissue coverings
- 12. Properties of Muscle • Contractility – Ability to shorten, reducing distance between two parts • Excitability – Ability to respond to stimuli • Extensibility – Ability to lengthen; increase distance between two parts • Elasticity – Ability to return to normal shape
- 13. Types of Muscle— Actions • Prime mover (agonist)— muscle with the major responsibility for certain movement. • Antagonist—muscle that opposes or reverses a prime mover. • Synergist—muscle that aids a prime mover in a movement and helps prevent rotation. • Fixator—stabilizes the origin of a prime mover.
- 14. Muscle Injuries • Contusions • Strains • Tendon Injuries • Cramps/spasms • Over Exertion problems
- 15. Contusion • Bruise • Sudden traumatic blow to body (severe compression force) • Not penetrate skin • Usually injury to blood vessels • Superficial, deep, or hemorrhage • Hematoma (blood tumor): formation caused by pooling of blood and fluid w/in a tissue space • Speed of healing depends on tissue damage and internal bleeding
- 17. Contusion • Symptoms: – Swelling – Point tenderness – Redness – Ecchymosis • Treatment: PRICE, stretch • Complication: myositis ossificans— calcification of the muscle to bone.
- 18. Strains • Stretch, tear, or rip in the muscle or adjacent tissue (fascia or muscle tendon) • Severe tension force • Common sites: – Hamstring – Quadriceps – Hip flexor – Biceps – Latissimus dorsi
- 20. Strains • Grade 1 – Some muscle fibers stretched or torn – Some tenderness/pain with AROM • Grade 2 – Number of muscle fibers torn – Active contraction of muscle extremely painful • Grade 3 – Complete rupture of muscle (MTJ) – Significant impairment or total loss of movement
- 21. Strains Signs & Symptoms • Localized swelling • Cramping • Inflammation • Loss of function • Pain • General weakness • Discoloration Prevention • Proper warm-up • Stretch • Proper mechanics • Proper cool- down/ stretch • Proper nutrition & hydration
- 22. Strains • Treatment – Reduce swelling & pain – NSAIDs • Severe— – Hard cast – Surgery
- 23. Tendon Injuries— Anatomy of a Tendon • Extension of muscle – Musculotendinous junction • Contains wavy parallel collagenous fibers organized in bundles surrounded by gelatinous material that decreases friction • Connects muscle to bone – Concentrates pulling forces in limited area • Not as elastic • May run through sheath
- 24. Tendon Injuries • Tears commonly at muscle belly, musculotendino us junction, or bony attachment – Tendon double strength muscle it serves • Tendonitis: inflammation of tendon-muscle attachments, tendons, or both • Tenosynovitis: inflammation of synovial sheath surrounding tendon
- 25. Tendonitis • Signs & Symptoms – Pain & inflammation – Worse with movement – Worse at night • Treatment – PRICE – NSAIDs – Ultrasound therapy – Rehabilitation • Prevention – Slowly increase intensity & type of exercise – Don’t try to do more than ready for – Proper warm-up & stretch
- 26. Cramps/Spasms • Cramp: painful involuntary contraction of a skeletal muscle or muscle group • Spasm: reflex reaction caused by trauma of musculoskeletal system → Can lead to muscle and tendon injuries
- 28. Overexertion Muscle Injuries Soreness • Muscular pain from strenuous muscular exercise • DOMS • Preventativ e • Treatment Stiffness • Occurs when muscles worked hard for long period of time • Fluids that collect in muscle during/after activity absorbed in bloodstream slowly • Result in swollen, shorter, thicker muscle that resist stretching
- 30. Chronic Musculotendinous Injuries • Myositis: inflammation of muscle tissue • Fasciitis: inflammation of muscle fascia – Fascia supports and separates muscle • Tendinitis • Tenosynovitis
- 31. Chronic Musculotendinous Injuries Ectopic Calcification • Myositis ossificans – Occur in muscle directly overlies bone Atrophy • Wasting away of muscle tissue – Immobilization of body part; loss of nerve simulation Contracture • Abnormal shortening of muscle tissue • Resistance to passive stretch – Associated with joint developed resisting scar tissue
- 32. REFERENCE • TEXTBOOK OF PATHOLOGY- HARSH MOHAN • ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY- B.D CHAURASIA • MANIPAL MANUAL OF SURGERY • PHYSIOLOGY OF HUMAN BODY- A.K JAIN • www.Wikipedia.com
Editor's Notes
- More than 650 diff muscles in body; for these muscle to produce movement it must be able to exert force upon moveable object Muscle attach to bone, bones connected by joints, skeletal muscle bridge these joints, R. skeletal muscle contracts bone to which it attached will move
- Arranged in pairs
- Bone bruise: contusion penetrates to skeletal structures
- Grade 1: movement painful but full range possible Grade 2: usually depression or divot can be felt; some swelling my occur b/c of capillary bleeding; discoloration possible Grade 3: initial intense pain but quickly diminishes b/c complete nerve fiber separation
- Tendons can produce and maintain a pull from 8700 to 18000 pounds per square inch; when tendon is loaded by tension, wavy collagenous fibers straighten in direction of load; when tension is released, collagen returns to original shape; collagen fibers will break if physiological limits have been reached
- Cramps attributed to lack of water or other electrolyte imbalance in relation to muscle fatigue
- AOMS: acute-onset muscle soreness; occurs immediately after exercise DOMS: delayed-onset muscle soreness; most intense 24-48 hours after activity then gradually subsides so that muscle symptom-free after 3-4 days; small tears in muscle tissue; disruption of connective tissue that holds muscle tendon fibers together; prevented: beginning exercise at moderate level and gradually increasing intensity over time; tx: static or PNF stretching, ice applied w/in first 48-72 hrs
- Ectopic: located in place diff than normal