The document summarizes key information about nickel, including its principal ores, mode of occurrence, distribution, and Indian occurrences. The main nickel ores are pentlandite, millerite, and niccolite. Nickel deposits occur as nickel-copper sulphide deposits formed by replacement or injection, or as residual concentrations of nickel silicates from weathering of ultramafic rock. India's nickel resources are primarily located in Odisha and Jharkhand, with lesser amounts in Nagaland, Karnataka, and other states. As of 2013, India had estimated nickel ore resources of 189 million tonnes, with 92% located in Odisha.
http://www.spiderresources.com - In this presentation by Spider Resources Board of Directors member Dr. James Franklin, P.Geo. explains the importance of Chromite in today's world
Slides related to wall rock alteration.In these slides it is described that how host rock behave when it comes in contact with the hydro thermal fluid coming from deep Earth (Mantle) and their results.
http://www.spiderresources.com - In this presentation by Spider Resources Board of Directors member Dr. James Franklin, P.Geo. explains the importance of Chromite in today's world
Slides related to wall rock alteration.In these slides it is described that how host rock behave when it comes in contact with the hydro thermal fluid coming from deep Earth (Mantle) and their results.
IRON ORE DEPOSITS IN EGYPT ; EGYPTIAN IRON ORE DEPOSITS; Iron ore deposit of sedimentary nature; Sinai: Gabal Halal iron ore deposit; Western Desert:; Aswan iron Ore Deposits; Bahariya iron Ore Deposits; The Banded Iron ore deposits (BIFs), Geologic Setting BIFs, General Characteristics of the Egyptian Banded Iron Ores; Are the Egyptian Banded Iron Ores Unique?; Genesis of Egyptian Banded Iron Formation
A presentation on Hydrothermal wall rock alteration with case studies on geophysical applications.
References : https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/16VSZMPMASMNVB47JdBUa_7udBk1qvK2U?usp=sharing
Metallogenic Epoch and Province
Metallogenetic Epochs
Metallogenetic epochs, as defined above, are specific periods characterised by formation of large number of mineral deposits. It does not mean that all the mineral deposits formed during a definite metallogenetic epochs. In India the chief metallogenetic epochs were:
1. Precambrian
2. Late Palaeozoic
3. Late Mesozoic to Early Tertiary
Texture of Ore Minerals; Importance of Studying Textures; Individual Grains Properties; Filling of voids; Texture Types; Genetically differentiated between Texture types; Secondary textures from replacement; Hypogene Texture; Supergene Texture; Primary texture formed from Melts; Primary texture of open-space deposition; Secondary textures from cooling; Secondary textures from deformation; TEXTURES OF ECONOMIC ORE DEPOSITS; Textures of Magmatic ores; Cumulus textures; Intergranular or intercumulus textures; Exsolution textures; Textures of hydrothermal ore deposits and skarns; Replacement textures; Open space filling textures; Textures characteristic of surfacial or near surface environments and processes; Criteria for identifying replacement textures; Vein and Veining have different Nature Features
IRON ORE DEPOSITS IN EGYPT ; EGYPTIAN IRON ORE DEPOSITS; Iron ore deposit of sedimentary nature; Sinai: Gabal Halal iron ore deposit; Western Desert:; Aswan iron Ore Deposits; Bahariya iron Ore Deposits; The Banded Iron ore deposits (BIFs), Geologic Setting BIFs, General Characteristics of the Egyptian Banded Iron Ores; Are the Egyptian Banded Iron Ores Unique?; Genesis of Egyptian Banded Iron Formation
A presentation on Hydrothermal wall rock alteration with case studies on geophysical applications.
References : https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/16VSZMPMASMNVB47JdBUa_7udBk1qvK2U?usp=sharing
Metallogenic Epoch and Province
Metallogenetic Epochs
Metallogenetic epochs, as defined above, are specific periods characterised by formation of large number of mineral deposits. It does not mean that all the mineral deposits formed during a definite metallogenetic epochs. In India the chief metallogenetic epochs were:
1. Precambrian
2. Late Palaeozoic
3. Late Mesozoic to Early Tertiary
Texture of Ore Minerals; Importance of Studying Textures; Individual Grains Properties; Filling of voids; Texture Types; Genetically differentiated between Texture types; Secondary textures from replacement; Hypogene Texture; Supergene Texture; Primary texture formed from Melts; Primary texture of open-space deposition; Secondary textures from cooling; Secondary textures from deformation; TEXTURES OF ECONOMIC ORE DEPOSITS; Textures of Magmatic ores; Cumulus textures; Intergranular or intercumulus textures; Exsolution textures; Textures of hydrothermal ore deposits and skarns; Replacement textures; Open space filling textures; Textures characteristic of surfacial or near surface environments and processes; Criteria for identifying replacement textures; Vein and Veining have different Nature Features
This presentation describes all the steps included in the process to refine copper metal from its ore. All the steps are described briefly with the help of chemical equations.
Introduction
Winning of metals from sulphide ores
Extraction of Copper
a. Hydro - metallurgy of copper
b. Pyro - metallurgical extraction of copper
c. Newer process for copper extraction
d. Energy concepts in copper smelting
Extraction of metals from oxide members
Extraction of Lead
i. Treatments of ores of lead and its production
ii. Modern developments in lead smelting
Extraction of Zinc
a. Pyro - metallurgical extraction
b. Hydro – metallurgical extraction
c. Imperial smelting process
d. Production of other metals by ISP
e. Zinc from lead slags by slag fuming
Extraction of Nickel
Pyro – metallurgical process
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"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
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UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
2. PRINCIPAL NICKEL ORES
ORES CHEMICAL
COMPOSITION
CHIEF CHARACTERS
PENTLANDITE
(Fe,Ni)S
Bronze yellow , Black streak
Metallic lustre, H=3.5-4 ,
S.G-5
MILLERITE NiS
Brass Yellow to bronze yellow , greenish
black streak , metallic lustre ,H =3-3.5 ,
S.G=5.3-5.6
NICCOLITE NiAs
Pale copper red with pale brownish black
streak, Metallic lustre
H=5-5.5
S.G=7.3-7.6
GARNIERITE
Hydrated
Nickeliferous Mg
silicate
Apple green to white , amorphous ,soft and
friable , H=3-4
S.G=2.2-2.8
3. MODE OF OCCURENCE
Nickel Deposits occur mainly in two forms:
1. As Nickel-Copper Sulphide deposits formed by
replacement or magmatic injection
2. As residual concentration of Nickel silicates from
weathering of ultramafic igneous rock.
8. INDIAN OCCURRENCE
Annual demand for pure Nickel id around 45,000 tonne and its domestic
market is solely reliant on imports.
However, it is being recovered as nickel sulphate crystals, a by-product
obtained during copper production.
Nickel occurs principally as oxides, sulphides and silicates in India.
Important occurrence is nickeliferous limonite in the overburden of chromite
in Sukinda Valley, Jajpur district, Odisha, where it occurs as oxide.
Nickel also occurs in sulphide form along with copper mineralisation in East
Singhbhum district, Jharkhand.
In addition, it is found associated with uranium deposits at Jaduguda,
Jharkhand.
Other reported occurrences of nickel are from Karnataka, Kerala and
Rajasthan. Polymetallic sea nodules are another source of nickel.
9. STATISTICS OF INDIAN NICKEL RESOURCES
As per UNFC, as on 1.4.2013, the total resources of nickel ore have been
estimated at 189 million tonnes.
About 92% resources; i.e., 175 million tonnes are in Odisha.
The remaining 8% resources are distributed in Jharkhand (9 million tonnes)
and Nagaland (5 million tonnes).
Nominal resources are reported from Karnataka (0.23 million tonnes)
10. STATEWISE DISTRIBUTION OF NICKEL IN
INDIA
ODISHA
SUKINDA AREA ,CUTTAK DISTRICT: Nickel ores associated with
chromite bodies and are of lateritic type related to intense
weathering & limonitisation of silicified ultramafic rock . Ni-ores
with Average Nickel content of 0.85-1.15% are found in Kansa and
Sarubil-Sukerangi sectors.
SIMLIPAL AREA, MAYURBHANJ DISTRICT: Ni-ore concentrated within
weathered ultramafic rock , in the laterites and soil cappings.
Nickel % varies from 0.55-0.97% .
KENDUJHAR: low grade nickel ores associated with altered
ultramafite with average grade 0.2-0.7% have been recorded
here.
11. JHARKHAND
SINGHBHUM COPPER BELT :
Nickel ore is found associated with copper ore and also found along the
ukkam and Dhoba hills of Bhitardari regions
The Nickel percentage in the ore varies from 0.3-0.8%
Hindustan Copper Limited produces nickel sulphate while refining for Copper at
Ghatsila Smelter ,Singhbhum
12. NAGALAND
POKHPUR, TUEUSANG DISTRICT
Nickel shows maximum concentration upto1.5% in the Goethite matrix within
the tabular body of Magnetite .
It is underlined by ultramafics and overlain by sediments of probable Mio-
Pliocene age .
Average Grade here is 0.63%
13. KERALA:
SREEKANDAPURAM , KANNUR DISTRICT :
Associated with weathered Chlorite- tremolite schist . The nickel valve
ranges from 170-500 ppm.
KARNATAKA:
Hassan & Rampura District , Tumakuru Near Kamasamundra, Mallenahalli,
Rudrapura, Borinakere, Rattanahalli.
TELANGANA :
Khammam Chimalpahad Ultramafic Complex
MAHARASHTRA :
Sindhudurg Kudal-Kankavle-Vagre areas Dabachiwadi
14. USES OF NICKEL
Used to form alloy with other metals . E.g. : German silver (alloy of Ni-Cu-
Zn), Monel metal(Cu-Ni) , Nickel Brasses etc.
Manufacture of Steel and cast-Iron
Coinage , electroplating , storage batteries
Preferred for many machines ,tools, shafts , automobiles , aeroplanes , ships,
armour plates etc.
