The document provides classifications for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and other gastric conditions according to various endoscopic and histopathological staging systems.
It describes the Modified Los Angeles Classification of GERD in 3 sentences, which grades erosive esophagitis based on mucosal break size and extent. The Modified Kimura-Takemoto Classification of atrophic gastritis is shown in 6 grades based on the location and range of gastric atrophy visible endoscopically. Finally, the Hill classification grades the gastroesophageal flap valve from Grade I (prominent fold) to Grade IV (no fold).
Ngày Thận Thế Giới
• Cảnh báo và giáo dục cộng đồng về bệnh
thận
• Hiểu biết để phát hiện sớm bệnh thận ở
những đối tượng dễ bệnh thận
• Phòng ngừa bệnh thận
Nội dung của ngày World Kidney Day 2013 là
Tổn thương thận cấp ( Acute Kidney Injury)
The document describes the anatomy and development of the esophagus. It begins by defining the esophagus as a conduit connecting the pharynx to the stomach. It then discusses the esophagus' length, course through the neck and chest, and termination in the abdomen. The summary continues with the following key points:
- The esophagus develops from the foregut and tracheobronchial diverticulum. Its musculature differentiates into striated muscle proximally and smooth muscle distally.
- It has two sphincters - the upper esophageal sphincter between the pharynx and cervical esophagus, and the lower esophageal sphincter where it joins
The document provides detailed information on the anatomy and physiology of the esophagus. It describes the extension, length, diameter and location of landmarks along the esophagus at different ages. It discusses the layers of the muscular coat, sphincters at the upper and lower ends, blood supply, lymphatic and nerve supply. Development, variations and imaging modalities for evaluating the esophagus are also summarized.
Ngày Thận Thế Giới
• Cảnh báo và giáo dục cộng đồng về bệnh
thận
• Hiểu biết để phát hiện sớm bệnh thận ở
những đối tượng dễ bệnh thận
• Phòng ngừa bệnh thận
Nội dung của ngày World Kidney Day 2013 là
Tổn thương thận cấp ( Acute Kidney Injury)
The document describes the anatomy and development of the esophagus. It begins by defining the esophagus as a conduit connecting the pharynx to the stomach. It then discusses the esophagus' length, course through the neck and chest, and termination in the abdomen. The summary continues with the following key points:
- The esophagus develops from the foregut and tracheobronchial diverticulum. Its musculature differentiates into striated muscle proximally and smooth muscle distally.
- It has two sphincters - the upper esophageal sphincter between the pharynx and cervical esophagus, and the lower esophageal sphincter where it joins
The document provides detailed information on the anatomy and physiology of the esophagus. It describes the extension, length, diameter and location of landmarks along the esophagus at different ages. It discusses the layers of the muscular coat, sphincters at the upper and lower ends, blood supply, lymphatic and nerve supply. Development, variations and imaging modalities for evaluating the esophagus are also summarized.
Basic of Small Animals Stomach Surgery
Grossly, the stomach is divided into the cardia, fundus, body, and pyloric portions. The point where the intraabdominal esophagus blends into the stomach on the left side is termed the cardia. The cardiac notch is formed between the cardia and the blind outpouching of the stomach, termed the fundus. On the medial aspect the esophagus joins the lesser curvature of the stomach without a distinct anatomic landmark of the junction. The incisura angularis (angular notch) produces an intraluminal protrusion of tissue at approximately the midpoint of the lesser curvature that separates the antrum and the body. This angular notch is the area in which the papillary process of the liver lies......
By DR.Kambiz Yousefi
Kambiz.u3fi@me.com
The document provides information about interpreting plain abdominal x-rays. It discusses analyzing the intestinal gas pattern and identifying dilated bowel. Dilatation of the bowel is a key sign of intestinal obstruction. The pattern of dilatation distinguishes small from large bowel obstructions. Other findings discussed include pneumoperitoneum, gas in abscesses or the biliary system, and dilatation in conditions other than mechanical obstruction. Diagrams are included to illustrate normal findings and various pathologies.
The document provides information about interpreting plain abdominal x-rays, including:
- Common findings such as the intestinal gas pattern, bowel dilatation, pneumoperitoneum, ascites, and abdominal calcifications.
- Details on evaluating signs of small vs. large bowel obstruction, and causes of bowel dilatation other than mechanical obstruction.
- Examples of abnormal findings including pneumoperitoneum, gas in abscesses or the bile duct, and dilated loops of bowel in small bowel obstruction.
- Assessing the liver and spleen size and positioning of other abdominal organs on a plain film.
This document provides an overview of plain abdominal x-rays and gastrointestinal imaging. It discusses how to analyze intestinal gas patterns, identify dilated bowel sections, and look for signs of pneumoperitoneum or ascites. It describes different types of bowel obstructions and how to distinguish small vs. large bowel obstruction based on dilation patterns. The document also discusses imaging of the esophagus, including how barium swallow exams are performed and what they can reveal about strictures, contractions, and dilation.
Gastric volvulus and other types of volvulusPrabha Om
Bhori Singh, a 45-year-old male, presented with abdominal pain, distension and inability to pass flatus or stool for the past few days. Examination and investigations revealed acute intestinal obstruction likely due to gastric volvulus or perforation peritonitis. He underwent an exploratory laparotomy with gastropexy where gastric volvulus was found and repaired by suturing the stomach to the abdominal wall. Post-operatively, he recovered well and was discharged on the 8th day. Gastric volvulus is the twisting of the stomach and can be acute or chronic. Treatment involves endoscopic or surgical reduction and fixation of the stomach to prevent recurrence.
The document discusses esophageal motility and high resolution manometry (HRM). It describes the anatomy and physiology of the esophagus, different types of esophageal contractions, parameters measured by HRM, and how HRM is used to evaluate and classify esophageal motility disorders. HRM involves measuring pressure across 36 sensors during swallows of water to analyze parameters like integrated relaxation pressure, distal contractile integral, and esophagogastric junction types. HRM is used to accurately define normal versus abnormal motor function and guide treatment planning for motility disorders like achalasia.
Trichobezoar with long hairy tail, not fairy tale (Rapunzel syndrom)iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
The document provides an overview of the anatomy, embryology, imaging, and physiology of the esophagus. It discusses the esophagus' layers, blood supply, lymphatic drainage and innervation. Imaging modalities like barium swallow, endoscopic ultrasound, CT and MRI are described. Barium swallow is useful for evaluating disorders while endoscopic ultrasound is best for T-staging cancer. CT is optimal for assessing extraesophageal disease and lymph nodes. The esophagus acts as a conduit between the pharynx and stomach during swallowing.
This document provides information about pyloric stenosis, including:
- The pylorus connects the stomach to the duodenum and contains glands and muscles that regulate food passage.
- Pyloric stenosis is a narrowing of the pylorus opening, usually due to muscle thickening. It most commonly affects infants and causes projectile vomiting after feeding.
- Diagnosis involves blood tests, imaging, and endoscopy. Treatment is usually pyloromyotomy surgery to cut the thickened muscle and reopen the pylorus.
ABC OF ENDOSCOPY FOR THE SURGEON IN EASY STEPSJohn Thanakumar
This document provides information about endoscopy procedures from Dr. John AC Thanakumar. It discusses the basics of diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, including indications, patient instructions, and techniques for the operator. Key steps in the endoscopy process are outlined, such as insertion through the esophagus and examining the stomach and duodenum. The document also briefly discusses complications, therapeutic endoscopy procedures, and endoscopy for obesity treatment.
acute abdomen conditions in radiology and their evaluation
acute pancreatitis, cholicystitis, pelvic pathology, mri evaluation , intra abdominal abcess, plain radiography evaluation of acute abdomen, vascular causes of acute abdomen, causes of acute abdomen.
This document discusses the evaluation and management of abdominal pain using imaging modalities. It covers:
1) Differential diagnosis for acute abdomen is wide, ranging from life-threatening to benign conditions. Management varies from emergency surgery to reassurance depending on diagnosis.
2) Sonography and CT are important aids but findings may be normal in urgent cases or abnormal without surgical disease.
3) A plain abdominal x-ray has limited value and may falsely reassure as normal does not rule out pathology.
4) The document then discusses various x-ray findings that help diagnose conditions like perforation, obstruction, appendicitis, diverticulitis, and others.
Abdominal xray - imaging and interpretation ArushiGupta119
everythng about abdominal radiograph is discussed from views to obstruction to foreign body.
definetly u r not going to get bored
read and share with your peers.
Bowel obstruction can be classified as dynamic or mechanical. Common causes include adhesions (40%), hernias (12-20%), and malignancy (15%). Clinical features include colicky pain, vomiting, abdominal distension, and constipation. Investigations may include blood tests, abdominal x-rays showing air-fluid levels, and CT scan to determine the level and cause of obstruction. Treatment depends on the severity and cause but may include conservative management, adhesiolysis, or surgery to repair a hernia or resect a malignant tumor.
Bowel obstruction can be classified as dynamic or mechanical. Common causes include adhesions (40%), hernias (12-20%), and malignancy (15%). Clinical features include colicky pain, vomiting, abdominal distension, and constipation. Investigations may include blood tests, abdominal x-rays showing air-fluid levels, and CT scan to determine the level and cause of obstruction. Treatment depends on the severity and cause but may include conservative management, adhesiolysis, or surgery to repair a hernia or resect a malignant tumor.
This document discusses neonatal abdominal emergencies, including their causes, embryology, and anomalies. It begins by introducing abdominal emergencies in neonates, infants, and children. It then covers the embryology of the gastrointestinal tract, including the development of the foregut, midgut, and hindgut. Specific anomalies are discussed such as Meckel's diverticulum and intestinal malrotation. Diagnosis and treatment of some conditions are also mentioned.
This document discusses the use of intestinal segments in urinary diversion. It provides details on the surgical anatomy of the stomach, small bowel, and colon. It describes how to properly mobilize and select these intestinal segments, including their blood supply, advantages, and complications. Intestinal preparation is also outlined. A brief history of urinary diversions is given, mentioning some of the earliest procedures developed. The document is intended to serve as a guide for surgeons on utilizing bowel in urinary reconstruction.
Bowel obstruction can be classified as mechanical or functional. Common causes include adhesions, hernias, tumors, and volvulus. Clinical features include colicky pain, vomiting, abdominal distension, and constipation. Investigations may include blood tests, abdominal x-rays showing air-fluid levels, and CT scan to determine the level and cause of obstruction. Treatment depends on the severity and cause but may include conservative management, adhesiolysis, or surgery to repair a hernia or remove a tumor.
10 Benefits an EPCR Software should Bring to EMS Organizations Traumasoft LLC
The benefits of an ePCR solution should extend to the whole EMS organization, not just certain groups of people or certain departments. It should provide more than just a form for entering and a database for storing information. It should also include a workflow of how information is communicated, used and stored across the entire organization.
Travel Clinic Cardiff: Health Advice for International TravelersNX Healthcare
Travel Clinic Cardiff offers comprehensive travel health services, including vaccinations, travel advice, and preventive care for international travelers. Our expert team ensures you are well-prepared and protected for your journey, providing personalized consultations tailored to your destination. Conveniently located in Cardiff, we help you travel with confidence and peace of mind. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
Lecture 6 -- Memory 2015.pptlearning occurs when a stimulus (unconditioned st...AyushGadhvi1
learning occurs when a stimulus (unconditioned stimulus) eliciting a response (unconditioned response) • is paired with another stimulus (conditioned stimulus)
Summer is a time for fun in the sun, but the heat and humidity can also wreak havoc on your skin. From itchy rashes to unwanted pigmentation, several skin conditions become more prevalent during these warmer months.
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT or Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that serves a range of roles in the human body. It is sometimes referred to as the happy chemical since it promotes overall well-being and happiness.
It is mostly found in the brain, intestines, and blood platelets.
5-HT is utilised to transport messages between nerve cells, is known to be involved in smooth muscle contraction, and adds to overall well-being and pleasure, among other benefits. 5-HT regulates the body's sleep-wake cycles and internal clock by acting as a precursor to melatonin.
It is hypothesised to regulate hunger, emotions, motor, cognitive, and autonomic processes.
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
low birth weight presentation. Low birth weight (LBW) infant is defined as the one whose birth weight is less than 2500g irrespective of their gestational age. Premature birth and low birth weight(LBW) is still a serious problem in newborn. Causing high morbidity and mortality rate worldwide. The nursing care provide to low birth weight babies is crucial in promoting their overall health and development. Through careful assessment, diagnosis,, planning, and evaluation plays a vital role in ensuring these vulnerable infants receive the specialize care they need. In India every third of the infant weight less than 2500g.
Birth period, socioeconomical status, nutritional and intrauterine environment are the factors influencing low birth weight
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
Are you looking for a long-lasting solution to your missing tooth?
Dental implants are the most common type of method for replacing the missing tooth. Unlike dentures or bridges, implants are surgically placed in the jawbone. In layman’s terms, a dental implant is similar to the natural root of the tooth. It offers a stable foundation for the artificial tooth giving it the look, feel, and function similar to the natural tooth.
1. PHÂN LOẠI VIÊM THỰC QUẢN TRÀO NGƯỢC THEO LOS ANGELES SỬA ĐỔI
(THE MODIFIED LOS ANGELES CLASSIFICATION OF GERD)
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2. PHÂN LOẠI VIÊM THỰC QUẢN TRÀO NGƯỢC THEO LOS ANGELES SỬA ĐỔI
(THE MODIFIED LOS ANGELES CLASSIFICATION OF GERD)
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3. PHÂN LOẠI BARRETT THỰC QUẢN
(THE MODIFIED LOS ANGELES CLASSIFICATION OF GERD)
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4. PHÂN LOẠI VIÊM TEO DẠ DÀY TRÊN NỘI SOI (KIMURA-TAKEMOTO)
KIMURA - TAKEMOTO CLASSIFICATION OF ENDOSCOPIC ATROPHY
Vùng teo giới hạn ở hang vị
BƠ đƠ đ Atrophic borders are indicated by a dotted line
Atrophy is limited to the antrum
Vùng teo vượt quá một phần nhỏ
qua góc bờ cong nhỏ
Atrophy is limited to the minor area of the
lesser curvature of the body
Bờ teo vượt quá một phần lớn
qua góc BCN nhưng chưa đến tâm vị
Atrophy exists in the major area of the lesser
curvature of the body but does not extend
beyond the cardia
Vùng teo lan đến cả tâm vị.
Bờ teo nằm ở ranh giới giữa BCN và mặt trước
Atrophy extends to the fundus over the cardia.
Atrophic border of the body lies between the
lesser curvature and anterior wall
Bờ teo ở thân vị nằm ở mặt trước
Atrophic border of the body lies on
the anterior wall
Vùng teo lan rộng, có bờ teo ở
giữa thành trước và bờ cong lớn
Atrophy is widespread with
the border between the anterior wall
and greater curvature
Nguồn: Osamu Toyoshima et al. Endoscopic Kyoto classification of Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric cancer risk diagnosis
World J Gastroenterol. 2020 Feb 7; 26(5): 466–477
6. PHÂN LOẠI VIÊM TEO NIÊM MẠC DẠ DÀY THEO KIMURA TAKEMOTO
Nguồn: Updated Kimura-Takemoto classification of atrophic gastritis.
World J Clin Cases. 2021 May 6; 9(13): 3014–3023.
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B
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B
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9. PHÂN LOẠI UNG THƯ DẠ DÀY SỚM TRÊN NỘI SOI
THEO TIÊU CHUẨN NHẬT BẢN
(JAPANESE MACROSCOPIC CLASSIFICATION ON ENDOSCOPY)
ƙζ̻ɤڑԎ՞Å
SȈ˱ʄ̜ˍڂʡڂ
Protruded type
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Flat type
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10. PHÂN LOẠI KUDO - POLYP ĐẠI TRỰC TRÀNG VÀ DỰ ĐOÁN MÔ BỆNH HỌC TƯƠNG ỨNG
(KUDO CLASSIFICATION OF COLORECTAL POLYPS AND THEIR CORRELATION WITH PATHOLOGY)
Ę̤ʹڑζɺ˷ڑ˷̌ͅʹڑՄAʯ˷ʔʹڑʔΆ̧˷ʊԼ
Round pit (normal pit)
īʧɩ˰˰ڑȋɆڑȿʯ˷ʔʹڑʔΆ̧˷ʊ
Normal mucosa
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˓̤ʹڑζɺ˷ڑʊʧ̡˷ʊ˷ڑʔΆڑΤȃζ
Type II pit pattern is specific
for hyperlasia. Also, superficial
type serrated adenoma and
SSA/P show this pit like pattern.
IȂͅʹڑΊɆڑɓɻ
ڑۅƙ̣˷ʹڑʔΆ̋˷ʊ˷ڑ̻̦˓ڑ̨ڑʧɩ˰˰ڑȋɆ
Regular pattern - Intramucosal lesion
IȂͅʹڑΊɆˋڑʔ̎˷ʊڑɓɻ
ڑۅƙ̣˷ʹڑʔΆ̋˷ʊڑαȁ˰˓ڑȂ˷ڑ̨ڑ
˓̦̻˷ڑʧɩ˰˰ڑȋɆՑɒΆ̦ʧ˷ڑʧɩ˰˰ڑȋɆռ
Irregular pattern - Mucosal
submucosal deep invasion
ģȂʹڑɆȂͅʹڑΊɆڑۅڑǏȁ˰˓ڑȂ˷ͣڑȁ
ɒΆ̦ʧ˷ڑʧɩ˰˰ڑȋɆռ
Nonstructure pattern
- Submucosal deep invasion.
Ę̤ʹڑζɺ˷ڑʔʯ˷ʔͣڑǸ̇
Asteroid pit
Ę̤ʹڑζɺ˷ڑ˷̌ͅʹڑʔ̇ǼɆڑʔʯ˷ʔ˷̡ڑʊջڑɓΆ̧˷ʊˋڑʰ˷ʔ˷ڑʔ̠ڑʔ̋˷ʹڑ̤˓ڑζɺ˷ڑȿʯ˷ʔʹڑʔΆ̧˷ʊڑՄƙζ̻ɤڑԏՅ
Tubular of round pit that is smaller than the normal pit (type 1)
Ę̤ʹڑζɺ˷ڑʔʯ˷ʔ˷̡ڑʊ˷̌ͅʹڑջڑɓΆ̧˷ʊˋڑʰ˷ʔڑ˷̦˓ڑʔ̋˷ʹڑ̤˓ڑζɺ˷ڑȿʯ˷ʔʹڑʔΆ̧˷ʊڑՄƙζ̻ɤڑԏՅ
Tubular of round pit that is larger than the normal pit (type 1)
Ę̤ʹڑζɺ˷ڑʔʯ˷ʔ˷ڑʔǹ˷ʔڑʔ̇ǼɆڑʔʯ˷ʔڑɆ̥˷
Dendritic or gyrus-like pit
IǹɆʹڑ̤˓ڑζɺ˷ʹڑζ̻ɤڑÅÅÅڑՄĘՅջڑÅÅÅڑՄƋՅڑΤȍڑÅDžڑɆ̍ˋڑʰɆʔʹڑʔΆ̦ɆڑΤȍ̻ڑʔȁ˷ڑȿ̡ˋڑʔ̎˷ʊڑɓɻ
Irregular arrangêmnt and sizes of IIIL
, IIIS
, IV type pit pattern
ģȂʹڑʔ̇ǼɆڑʊʧȎ˰ʹڑ̤˓ڑζɺ˷ջ˰ڑȂʹڑɆȂͅʹڑΊɆڑȿɻ˰ڑǼʹ
Loss or decrease of pits with an amorphous structure
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11. ģȍͣڑǻɆ
İ˓̇ͅ
Type 1 Type 2 Type 3
VNڑʧ̡˷ʊڑʔ̇ǼɆ˷ڑʔȋʹ˰ڑȍڑʔ̋˷ڑ̇ͣڑΤ̦ʧڑ
˷ʧɩ˰˰ڑȋɆڑα˷ʊ́ڑǸ˷ʔռ
ENڑƋǸ˰ɤ˓ڑ̇ͅڑʧʊʔʹɤͅʹڑʔǸ˷ڑȿǸɆˋʊ̇ͅ˷ɒռ
VNڑīȁڑʔ̋˷ڑ̇ͣڑΤ̦ʧ˷ڑʧɩ˰˰ڑȋɆڑα˷ʊڑ
́Ǹ˷ʔڑԻ˰ȍڑɆΞǸ˰ڑȋɆʔ˰ڑǹԼռ
ENڑȦͅΨ˷ɤͅͅڑǸ˓ǸʹʧΤɤڑ̇ʹڑȿǸɆˋʊ̇ͅ˷ɒڑ
ԻΤɤͅʧʅζڑɆ̇˓̇ͅڑǸͅʧͣɤͣڑʅ̇ͅ˰ڑΤɤͣͣɤ˓ͣԼռ
VNڑƙΠ˷ڑȁڑɓɺ˷ͣڑȆ˰˰ڑȍڑ̇ͣڑΤ̦ʧ˷ڑʧɩ˰ڑ
˰ȋɆڑα˷ʊ́ڑǸ˷ʔւڑɓ̎ʧˋڑʔʧڑɆ̍˰ڑȎ˷ʊڑ
ʹͅǻ˷ʊڑʔ̋˷ռڑڑ
ENڑȦͅΨ˷ڑ̇ʹڑɒǸͅˋڑȿ̇ͅΨ˷ͅڑɤ˓ǸʹʧΤɤڑ̇ʹڑ
ȿǸɆˋʊ̇ͅ˷ɒւ˰̇ͣڑɤʹʧ˰ɤ̻ͣڑǸʹɆʔζڑ
ΨʔʧʹɤͅڑǸͅɤǸͣռ
ģȋɆʔ˰ڑǹ
Džɤͣͣɤ˓ͣ
VNڑĎʔ̎˷ʊڑɆ̍ڑʔ̇ǼɆڑɆ̍ڑɆǹɆ˰ڑȋɆʔ˰ڑǹڑ
ͅʧɩ˷ʊ˓ڑɸڑɆʔȋζ́ڑǸʹڑ˷̣ʹڑʔΆ̋˷ʊռ
ENڑī̇˷ɤջڑ̇ͅڑʧͣ̇˓Ǹʹɤɒ˓ڑǸɆζڑΤɤͣͣɤ˓ͣڑ
Ɇ̇ͣͅʧ˷ʊڑǸɆ̇ͣͣͅʹڑʔɤ˓ڑɤͣʧ̇˷ռ
VNڑIǹɆ˰ڑȋɆʔ˰ڑǹ˰ڑȍ˷ڑȁڑȿǸ̇ڑ
́Ǹ˷ʔڑɆǹɆڑɆȂͅʹڑΊɆ˰ڑȍͅʹڑǻ˷ʊռ
EN ȦͅΨ˷ڑΤɤͣͣɤ˓ͣ˷̇ͣͅͅڑɒʧ˷ʊڑΨʔʧʹɤڑ
ͣʹͅɆʹͅɤ֭֭ռ
VNڑI̍ڑΤΉ˷ʊڑȿʺڑɓΟʹڑɓ̇ȋ˷ڑʔ̇ǼɆ˰ڑȂʹڑ
˰ȋɆʔ˰ڑǹռ
EN¡ڑǸͣڑǸͅɤǸԻͣԼ̇ڑʅڑɒʧ̻ͣͅʹɤɒ˰ڑ̇ͅڑʧͣͣʧ˷ʊڑ
Τɤͣͣɤ˓ͣռ
TΣڑɓ̇ǹ˷̎˰ڑ
ȿɾ˷ʔڑʔ̟Ɇ
ģ̇ͣʹ˓ڑʧˋɤ˓ζ
̻Ǹʹʔ̇˓ζʊζ
VNڑƙǺ˷ʊͣڑȎ˷
EN¡ڑζ̻ɤ̻ͅ˓ǸͣʹʧɆ
VNڑƥʹڑζɺ˷
EN ɒɤ˷̇˰Ǹ֭֭
VNڑƥ˷ʊʹڑʔΆڑαȁ˰˓ڑȂ˷ͣڑȁڑɒΆ̦ʧ˷ڑʧɩ˰ڑ
˰ȋɆռ
ENڑTɤɤ̻ͣڑȿ˰Ɇ̇ͣǸ˓ڑʧ˷ΤǸͣʧΤɤڑɆǸ˷Ɇɤͅ
Aɻ˰ڑǼʹ
ƋͅʅǸɆɤڑŶǸʹʹɤͅ˷
VNڑIǹɆڑɆʔȂ˰˰ڑȍͅʹڑǻ˷ʊڑʔ̇ǼɆͣڑȆ˰ڑ
˰ȍջڑɓ̢˷ʊˋڑʰɆʔʹڑʔΆ̦Ɇڑʔ̇ǼɆˋڑʔ̎˷ʊڑɆ̍ڑ
ɆȂͅʹڑΊɆռ
ENڑTǸͅˋڑ̇ͅڑΨʔʧʹɤ̇ڑͣʹ̻̇ͣڑʅ˷ڑʧʅ̇ͅ˰ͣڑʧύɤջڑ
̇ͅڑʔ̇˰̇ʊɤ˷ɤ̇ͣڑǸȿͣɤ˷Ɇɤ̇ڑʅ̻ڑǸʹʹɤͅ˷ռ
VN IȂͅʹڑΊɆ˰ڑȍͅʹڑǻ˷ʊڑʔʯ˷ʔͅʹڑΟ˷ʊջڑ
ʔʯ˷ʔ˷̡ڑʊڑʔ̇ǼɆڑʔʯ˷ʔ˷ڑʔǹ˷ʔڑɆ̍ڑɆǹɆڑ
˰ȋɆʔ˰ڑǹڑȿǸ̇́ڑǸ˷ʔռ
ENڑŀΤǸ˓ջʹڑȿ˓Ǹͅڑ̇ͅڑȿͅǸ˷ɒɆʔɤɒڑΨʔʧʹɤڑ
ͣʹͅɆʹͅɤ˷̇ͣͅͅڑɒɤɒڑȿζڑȿ̇ͅΨ˷ڑ
Τɤͣͣɤ˓֭֭ͣڑ
VNڑģȂڑɆȂͅʹڑΊɆڑʔ̇ǼɆˋڑʔ̎˷ʊڑɆ̍ڑɆȂڑ
ʹͅΊɆڑȿɻ˰ڑǼʹռ
EṄ̻ͅ˰ڑʔ̇ͣڑ̇ͅڑǸȿͣɤ˷ʹͣͅڑʅǸɆɤڑ
̻Ǹʹʹɤͅ˷ռ
PHÂN LOẠI NICE - POLYP ĐẠI TRỰC TRÀNG TRÊN NBI
(NBI INTERNATIONAL COLORECTAL ENDOSCOPIC (NICE) CLASSIFICATION*)
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12. PHÂN LOẠI NICE - POLYP ĐẠI TRỰC TRÀNG TRÊN NBI
(NBI INTERNATIONAL COLORECTAL ENDOSCOPIC (NICE) CLASSIFICATION*)
VN
֭I̍ʹڑʔɼڑǹ̻ڑɒΝ˷ʊڑɒȁζ̇ͣڑʧڑɓȋʧͅʹڑȍ˷ʊڑɆ̍ڑʔ̇ǼɆˋڑʔ̎˷ʊڑɆ̻̍ڑʔ̍˷ʊڑɓȋʧռ
֭֭IȂͅʹڑΊɆ˷ڑȍζڑԻɓ̢˷ʊڑɓɻڑʔǸζˋڑʔ̎˷ʊԼڑɆ̍ʹڑʔɼڑȿʧɼڑʔʧɾ˷ڑɆǹɆʹڑ̤˓ڑζɺ˷ڑΤȍڑ
ȿʧɼ́ڑ̎˰ڑǸ˷ʔʹڑ̤˓ڑζɺ˷ڑռ
֭֭֭ƙζ̻ɤڑԐڑȿǸ̇ڑʊ̢˰ʹڑζ̻ɤڑԒջԓڑΤȍʹڑζ̻ɤڑԔڑȿɻ˰ڑǼʹʹڑʔɤ̻̇ڑʔȁ˷̇˓ڑȋʧڑDžʧɤ˷˷Ǹڑ
ԻʹȂʹڑɆȎڑɆǹɆʹڑڑζɺ˷̇˓ڑȋ˷ͣڑȎ˷ʹڑʔȂ̻ڑʔ̇ǼɆڑɆǸ̇ڑʔ̇ǼɆ˷ڑʊʹڑʔΆڑ̻̦˓ڑɒΆ̦ʧ˷ڑʧɩ˰ڑ
˰ȋɆ˷̎˷ڑʊԼռڑĘ̇ȋ˷ͣڑȎ˷ڑɆǸ̇ڑʔ̇ǼɆ˷ڑʊʹڑʔΆڑɒΆ̦ʧ˷ڑʧɩ˰˰ڑȋɆ˷̎˷ڑʊڑɆ̍ʹڑʔɼڑ
ɓΆ̪Ɇڑʊ̪ʧڑκڑȿ̨ʧڑɆȂͅʹڑΊɆ˰ڑȋɆʔڑʔ̇ǼɆڑȿɻ˰ڑǼʹˋڑʔ̎˷ʊڑɓɻջʹڑʔΆ̧˷ʊڑɓʧˋڑɧ˰ڑ
Τ̦ʧڑʔʯ˷ʔʹڑʔǹʧڑȿȂʹʹڑʔΆ̧˷ʊڑԻΤʰڑɒΝտڑΤΉ˷ʊ˰̉˓ڑԼռ
EN
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WKHFUSWRSHQLQJ
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morphology (e.g., depressed area).
DžʰڑɒΝ
İ˓̇ͅ
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13. PHÂN LOẠI JNET POLYP ĐẠI TRỰC TRÀNG TRÊN NSPĐ CÓ NBI
(JAPANESE NBI EXPERT TEAM (JNET) CLASSIFICATION)
Nguồn: Digestive Endoscopy2018;30: 543–545
NBI
Mạch máu
Vessel Pattern
T 1 T 2 T 2B T 3
VN Không thấy
EN Invisiible1
VN Khấu kính đều, phân
bổ đều.
EN Regular caliber, Regular
distribution (Meshed/Spiral
pattern)2
VN Khẩu kính đa dạng,
phân bố không đều.
EN Variable caliber
Irregular distribution.
VN Vùng mất mạch máu,
mạch to đứt đoạn.
EN Loose vessel areas,
Interruption of thick vessels
Bề mặt
Surface Pattern
VN Chấm đen, trắng đồng
đều. Tương đồng với
xung quanh.
EN Regular dark or white
spots. Similar to surrounding
normal mucosa.
VN Đồng đều
(Ống/nhánh/nhú)
EN Regular
(Tubular/Branded/papillay)
VN Không đều hoặc mờ
EN Irregular or obscure
VN Mất hình dạng
EN Amorphous areas
Khả năng MBH
Most likely
histology
Ví dụ
Example
VN Polyp tăng sản/polyp
răng cưa không cuống.
EN Hyperplastic polyp/ Sessile
serrated polyp.
VN Tân sản trong niêm
mạc, Loạn sản thấp.
EN Low-grade intramucosal4
neoplasia.
VN Tân sản trong niêm
mạc, Loạn sản cao/ ung
thư biểu mô xâm lấn
dưới niêm mạc nông.
EN High-grade intramucosal5
neoplasia/ Superficial3
submucosal invasive cancer.
VN Ung thư xâm lấn sâu
EN Deep submucosal invasive
cancer.
14. BẢNG ĐIỂM THAM CHIẾU PHÂN ĐỘ VIÊM THỰC QUẢN DO BẠCH CẦU ÁI TOAN
EOE ENDOSCOPIC REFERENCE SCORE (EREFS)
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15. PHÂN ĐỘ GIÃN TMTQ
CLASSIFICATION OF ESOPHAGEAL VARICES
Theo Hiệp Hội NC Tăng ALTMC Nhật Bản - Japanese Research Society for Portal Hypertension
Hình dạng - Form
F1 (búi giãn nhỏ và thẳng - small and straight varices)
F2 (búi giãn to, ngoằn ngoèo, chiếm dưới 1/3 khẩu kính lòng thực quản - enlarged tortuous varices,
less than one-third of the lumen)
F3 (búi giãn to, ngoằn ngoèo, chiếm trên 1/3 khẩu kính lòng thực quản- large and tortuous, more than
one-third of the lumen)
Nguồn: Gut 62[4]: 489-495, 2013
Màu sắc - Color
Bình thường - General color
Xanh - Blue
Trắng - White
Vị trí đầu trên búi giãn - Proximal extension
1/3 dưới - Distal one-third
1/3 giữa - Extension to mid-esophagus
1/3 trên - Extension to proximal one-third
Không có dấu hiệu đỏ - Red color signs absent
Dấu hiệu vằn đỏ - Red wale markings
Chấm đỏ cherry - Cherry-red spots
Đốm nang máu - Hematocystic spot
Đỏ lan tỏa - Diffuse redness
Dấu hiệu đỏ - Red color signs
16. PHÂN ĐỘ TRĨ TRÊN NỘI SOI
(INTERNAL HEMORRHOID GRADES)
@΄ʡ̿ͮڂʥ̜ˍڂʡڂΞȊ́˱̆ˍڂʄ˱̛ڂʄڂʎȀͽ˱̈˪ڂհ˅ڂʎ̈˱ʄ͝ڂǵ̿ڂǵ˱ڂʄ́Ȋʡ
ĩ́ˍ̵́̿ڂǵ̵͝ɟհڂʽͽͮ͝˪̵́̿ڂʡ˱ɟ˱ͮڂȻˍ́́ɎڂΞɟ͝͝ɟˍ͝
VN
EN
@΄ʡ̿ͮڂʥ͝ڂǵ̿ڂǵ˱ڂʄ́Ȋʡ˅ڂʎʡ̿ڂǹ˱ڂʎ́ǹɂ͝ڂǵͽ˅ڂʎʡڂɏʡ˱ڂʄ́ȊʡհͮڂΝڂɂ́ˍڂɤ˱ڂɏ̤ɂ
Ŵ̿́ˍǵ̵͝ɟڂ˱̵́ͽڂȻɟǵ̿ʡ˱ʄڂɎ́˱հڂȻͽͮͮ˱̵́͝ڂǵ˱ɟ́ͽ̿͝ڂɟɎͽɂͮʡ́˱
VN
EN
@΄ʡ̿ͮڂʥ͝ڂǵ̿ڂǵ˱ڂʄ́Ȋʡͮڂʎ̡˱ʄڂΫͽΰɤ˱հ̵ڂʎȋʡڂɏȂΰڂȻǺ˱ʄͮڂǵΰ̠˪ڂʡˍڂɤ˱
Ŵ̿́ˍǵ̵͝ɟڂ˱̵́ͽڂȻɟǵ̿ʡ˱ʄڂɎ́˱̿ڂɟ̻ͽʡ̿ʡ˱ʄ˪ڂǵ˱ͽǵˍ̿ڂɟɎͽɂͮʡ́˱
VN
EN
@΄ʡ̿ͮڂʥ͝ڂǵ̿ڂǵ˱ڂʄ́Ȋʡͮڂʎ̡˱ʄڂΫͽΰɤ˱հڂɏȂΰͮڂǵΰڂɂͿ˱ʄ˅ڂʎ̈˱ʄˍڂɤ˱ձ
ڂ̟ݱÄǃͮڂʎ̡˱ʄ˅ڂɵͮڂʎ̵̤ڂΞ̠ʡ̿ͮڂʥ˱ڂʄ́Ȉʡհڂɂ̇ͮڂʎɷ˅ڂɢ˪ͮڂǸɂ˪ڂȈɂʎձ
Ŵ̿́ˍǵ̵͝ɟڂʡͮʎڂʡ˱ǵȻʡˍʡͮΰڂ́ͮڂȻɟ˪ڂǵ˱ͽǵˍˍΰ̿ڂɟɎͽɂɟɎ
VN
EN
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Vơ đƠ đ Ư ,
T-M M C đƠ Ư đ Ơ
€ A ƒ Ơ † ‡. M ˆ đ€ E U Ư
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T O,
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Thiết kế: Nguyễn Quang Huy
Biên dịch:
Bs. Đinh Duy Hải
BS. Phạm Thị Vân Ngọc