Stephen Hawking was a renowned physicist and cosmologist who directed research at the Centre for Theoretical Cosmology within the University of Cambridge. He was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis at age 21 and was given only a few years to live but defied expectations by living over 50 more years. Hawking achieved a PhD from the University of Cambridge and worked on laws governing the universe, including showing with Roger Penrose that Einstein's general theory of relativity implied the universe began in a Big Bang and could end in black holes. He received many honors over his career, including the CBE and Companion of Honour, and authored several popular science books including A Brief History of Time.

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Law Updates:
 The SEBI has unearthed a huge network of entities, which
systematically rigged the initial public offerings (IPO) on the small and
medium enterprises (SME) exchange platform. Their operations were
so well-planned and coordinated that these carried on for more than a
year beginning with preferential allotment several months before the
IPO, continuing long after the listing. It has banned 4 companies,13
promoters and/or directors, 9 entities formed the funding group,
27connected entities comprised trading group and 186 entities of
Shortlisted group made profits of Rs 1 crore or more and approx. Rs 614
crore made total illegal profits.
 SEBI to focus on cost incurred by mutual fund investor. The finance
ministry has also set-up a Financial Stability Development Council to
take into account the cost structures,
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 Vide Notification ref no. F.3(352)Policy/VAT/2013/346-357 dated 30th
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on Board of Directors – UCBs up to June 30, 2015.
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Date: 1st July, 2015

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STEPHEN WILLIAM HAWKING,
Renowned Physicist And Cosmologist;
Director Of Research At The Centre For Theoretical Cosmology Within
The University Of Cambridge.
“Stephen William Hawking, the world-renowned physicist and cosmologist
needs no introduction. As is well known, Hawking was diagnosed with
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (or the motor neuron disease) when he was just
twenty one years old..”
EARLY LIFE & CAREER PROFILE:
Born in 1942, Stephen William Hawking, the world-renowned physicist and cosmologist needs no introduction.
As is well known, Hawking was diagnosed with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (or the motor neuron disease)
when he was just twenty one years old. The disease’s onset developed gradually and has led to a gradual
paralysis, to the extent that, Hawking can now only use his cheek muscle. The disease, traditionally, is fatal.
The general life-expectancy of a person suffering from ALS ranges from two to five years. But Hawking has been
defying this generality since the day he was diagnosed with this disorder, in 1983. Neurologists, all over the
world, are, to this date, in awe of his survival. The disease progresses from muscle weakness to loss of the ability
to speak, swallow and also, breathe.
Hawking graduated from the University of Oxford and attained his Ph.D. from the University of Cambridge.
Though achieving a doctorate was an uphill and intensely strenuous task for him, he never gave up. He did not
want his disease to disable him in any which way.
He, in fact, wanted those around him to regard him as just another person, who has desires, ambitions, feelings,
emotions and dreams. He did not wish either to arouse or to demand pity from anyone with whom he came into
contact. He did fight a long battle to ensure that universities and public spaces be made disabled-friendly, but he
always detached himself from his disease and the degenerate potential that it might carry.
Stephen Hawking has worked on the basic laws which govern the universe. With Roger Penrose he showed that
Einstein's General Theory of Relativity implied space and time would have a beginning in the Big Bang and an
end in black holes. These results indicated that it was necessary to unify General Relativity with Quantum
Theory, the other great Scientific development of the first half of the 20th Century. One consequence of such a
unification that he discovered was that black holes should not be completely black, but rather should emit
radiation and eventually evaporate and disappear. Another conjecture is that the universe has no edge or
boundary in imaginary time. This would imply that the way the universe began was completely determined by
the laws of science.
He is thus, the epitome of perseverance, passion, dedication and commitment. He could have easily become a
recluse and waited to die. But he wished to live. Therefore, he left no stone unturned in his path to success as a
scientist, a writer and a professor. One possible explanation that Hawking himself gives for his prolonged life-
span is his die hard interest and passion for research. He believes that his branch of study – theoretical physics
– kept his mind young and alive. Also, he feels that the quality of medical and domestic care that he received all
through, has resulted in such a long life-span of seventy three years !
AWARDS AND ACCOLADES:
His many publications include The Large Scale Structure of Spacetime with G F R Ellis, General Relativity: An
Einstein Centenary Survey, with W Israel, and 300 Years of Gravity, with W Israel. Among the popular books
Stephen Hawking has published are his best seller A Brief History of Time, Black Holes and Baby Universes and
Other Essays, The Universe in a Nutshell, The Grand Design and My Brief History.
Professor Hawking has twelve honorary degrees. He was awarded the CBE in 1982, and was made a Companion
of Honour in 1989. He is the recipient of many awards, medals and prizes, is a Fellow of The Royal Society and a
Member of the US National Academy of Sciences.
SUCCESS MANTRA…!!!
No matter how hard the battle of life might seem, no matter how daunting and
unachievable the task at hand might appear, giving up should never be an option or an
alternative. The fighting, rebellious spirit defies the mandate of destiny and instead,
carves a new identity for itself, in the face of dire adversity.