Medical advances over the 20th century have benefited humanity but also caused tensions between faith and reason. Diseases like measles and whooping cough can now be treated with vaccines and medicines. Advances like heart surgery, organ transplants, and pain management have saved lives. However, newer technologies related to cloning, life support, and prenatal care have also been controversial as some argue they conflict with religious beliefs. There is an ongoing debate around how much humans should alter life through medical advances.

1. Medical Advances Essay
Medical Advances
Besides the computer revolution, medical advances have caused tension between faith and reason.
The medical advances of the Twentieth Century have many beneficial effects for humanity.
Diseases that used to be dangerous or life threatening, like mumps, measles, and whooping cough,
are no longer worries in todays medical world. Tetanus, typhoid, and the bubonic plaque can now
be treated with antibiotics or other medicines. Vaccines, especially the polio vaccine, freed many
people from the effects of a disease. Advances in heart surgery and organ transplants have saved
many lives. Anesthetics and painkillers have been made to reduce or eliminate pain during surgery
or a painful disease. Advances in cancer and AIDS have...show more content...
This will tremendously benefit farmers who raise livestock, and cloning of the superior animals
will also make the food supply healthier and larger in this growing world. Other advances in
medical technology deal with the preborn and postborn babies and prolonging life techniques.
Prenatal technology and obstetrics have allowed babies to be born as early as twenty–two weeks
after conception. Life support systems have helped to prolong lives and have even supported
people in comas who have "woken up" after many years. However, these medical advances have
been questioned as to whether they really are "advance." Many of these new medical techniques
conflict with peoples faith in medical ethics and with their religious beliefs, especially Catholicism.
A debate about the extent to which humans are allowed to "play God" to destroy, alter, or create
life forms has risen. Most of the new controversial medical procedures have become accepteed in
this impersonal, technological world, but many people do not believe these procedures are really
"progress." Many people believe that Church should be the driving force in the fight against AIDS.
Robert K. Gray in "Some Diseases Are Less Equal Than Others": The War Against AIDS (1990)
states that "the pulpit of the Catholic Church is the mightiest of weapons" against the spreading of
AIDS and against the hate that evolves for AIDS victims.(6) However, most people who have AIDS
were contaminated by sinning
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2. Scientific Theory Essay
Scientific Theory
A scientific theory is a well–substantiated explanation of some aspects of the natural world, based on
a body of knowledge that has been repeatedly confirmed through observation and experiment.
Scientist creates scientific theories from hypothesis that have been corroborated through the
scientific method, then gather evidence to test their accuracy. The strength of a scientific theory is
related to the diversity of phenomena it can explain, which is measured by its ability to make
falsifiable predictions with respect to the phenomena. Scientific theories are the most reliable,
rigorous, and comprehensive for of scientific knowledge.
The scientific method involves the proposal and testing of hypotheses, by deriving...show more
content...
Theories are the main goal in science and no explanation can achieve a higher rank. (to the belief
that "theories" become "laws" over time). In some cases, theories can unify. Two or more theories
can be replaces by a single theory which explains the previous theories as approximations or
special cases, comparable to the way a theorys is connecting explanation for many confirmed
hypotheses: This is reffered to as Unification of Theories. Both scientific laws and scientific theories
are produced from scientific methods through the formation and testing of hypotheses, and can
predict the behavior of the natural world. Both are typically supported by observation and
experimental science. However, scientific laws are descriptive accounts of how nature will behave
under certain conditions. Scientific theories are broader in scope, and give overarching explanations
of how nature works and why it exhibits certain characteristics. They are supported by evidence from
many different sources, and may contain one or more laws.
Both scientific laws and scientific theories come from the scientific method through the formation
and testing of hypotheses, and can predict the behavior of the natural world. Both are usually well
supported by observations and/or experimental evidence. However laws are descriptive accounts of
how nature will behave under certain conditions. Assumption is a
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3. scientific literacy Essay
Scientific literacy
Introduction and audience
When talk about science, perhaps majority of us think it is less relative with real life. However, as
society developed, science encompassed us everywhere. This situation forces everyone to acquire the
ability to learn and understand science. Some may think that, scientific literacy is what a scientist
should have and nothing about normal people, however it is just too narrow. Look around the
surroundings of us, everything is conned with science. Also, we encounter science in our normal life
as well. Therefore, the ability to acquire and understand science is necessary and important, which is
called scientific literacy. Scientific literacy is the foundation of science and technology...show more
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Also, they might doubt the ingredient of their product (thinking creatively). What were they made
of, would that influence their health? Finally, we made the decision, it was a deceptive advertising
and we wouldn't purchase it(problem solved). This is the one typical example process of using
scientific way to solve problems.
So far, we could tell scientific literacy is useful, but does it necessary for us? The next part is
telling why it is necessary and the basic science knowledge to acquire it.
Science knowledge is necessary
As the rapid development of science and technology, everyone in society is required to acquire
higher scientific literate skill. What if one doesn't acquire scientific literacy, not only he/she could
not engage in science study or research, but would encounter difficulties in normal life. For
example, when we want to look for a book in the library, it would be so simply if we check it
online, copy the index of the book and then go find it directly. However, people who don't have the
ability to acquire computer skill would have difficult. Therefore, scientific literacy is necessary in
contemporary life.
There is no doubt that science knowledge is the significant part of scientific literacy. Therefore,
learning science is the first step. What is science? Just taking a look at our surroundings, it not hard
to find that science is everywhere. Simply example like how the lamp is lighted, which
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4. The Scientific Method Essay
The Scientific Method is the standardized procedure that scientists are supposed to follow when
conducting experiments, in order to try to construct a reliable, consistent, and non–arbitrary
representation of our surroundings. To follow the Scientific Method is to stick very tightly to a order
of experimentation. First, the scientist must observe the phenomenon of interest. Next, the scientist
must propose a hypothesis, or idea in which the experiments will be based around. Then, through
repeated experimentation, the hypothesis can either be proven false or become a theory. If the
hypothesis is proven to be false, the scientist must reformulate his or her ideas and come up with
another hypothesis, and the experimentation begins again. This...show more content...
Furthermore, flies were observed laying eggs where the maggots formed. Thus, he concluded that
maggots are the result of flies, not spontaneous generation. He then called the principles behind his
experiment "Metodo Scientifico" or The Scientific Method.
The first cases of what would be considered properly using the Scientific Method can be found
earlier, though, back in the studies of Galileo, early in the 17th century. He first observed that
heavy objects gain speed as they fall. He then proposed, or hypothesized, that the rate of falling of
massive objects was proportional to the distance that the object has fallen. Following the Scientific
Method, he tested his hypothesis and found it to be false, since objects falling unequal distances do
not fall in the same amount of time, as his hypothesis led to. Since his hypothesis failed, he made a
new one, which proposed that the rate at which an object falls is directly proportional to the time the
object has spent falling. This was tested by rolling balls down an inclined plane and calculating the
speed and time values from those observations. Later, these experiments led to the discovery of the
gravitational constant g, and a better understanding of the Scientific Method.
The Method has been used many times since Galileo conducted his experiments, and it has been
considered a valid way of conducting experiments since
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