This document discusses new technologies for disinfecting surfaces in hospitals to help prevent healthcare-associated infections. It describes no-touch disinfection technologies like hydrogen peroxide vapor, ultraviolet light, ozone gas, and chlorine dioxide fogging that can disinfect entire rooms. It also discusses self-disinfecting surfaces like those impregnated with copper or silver, coated with light-activated antimicrobials, or having a sharklet pattern that hinders bacterial attachment. Adopting these supplemental methods along with routine cleaning could help reduce recontamination of surfaces between patients and decrease infection risks.

1. 11/30/2016 DR.ASHRAF SELIM 1
DR. Ashraf Selim
Consultant of Oral Surgery
Infection Preventionist
Member in APIC , WFHSS , IFIC , ESIC ,ICAN
ashrafoodo2@gmail.com

2. New Technologies for Surfaces Disinfection
Introduction
The relationship of environmental surface contamination
and HAI has become more defined especially the direct
relationship between contaminated high touch surfaces
and poor hand hygiene practices
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3. • A number of studies have shown that when a patient is
admitted into a room in which the prior occupant had an
infection, the entering patient has a significantly higher
chance of coming down with that same infection. ( Journal of
Hospital Infection 86S1 (2014) S1–S70
• This “prior occupant risk” has been linked to a four-fold
increase in infection risk.
• In other words, a person’s risk for a hospital acquired
infection (HAI) is partially determined by room into which
they are admitted.
• ( Infection control today/articles/2012/08/environmental-hygiene-what-we-
know-from-scientific-studies )
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Relation between HAI and contaminated surfaces

4. Novel Methods
To improve disinfection of environmental surfaces and decrease
recontamination in hospital rooms these methods includes:
 “No-touch” disinfection technologies.
 Self-disinfecting surfaces
These methods intended for use as supplement to routine cleaning
and disinfection procedures rather than as an alternative or
replacement for traditional cleaning and disinfection methods.
• After Patients Are Discharged ( Terminal Disinfection)
• Outbreak Management
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5. No-Touch Room Disinfection Systems
It includes but not limited to
• Hydrogen Peroxide Systems
• Ultraviolet lights
• Ozone Gas
• Chlorine Dioxide fogging
• Steam Vapor
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6. Hydrogen Peroxide Systems
1- Hydrogen Peroxide Vapor (HPV)
Vaporized HP ( Dry Gas ) 35 %
Vaporized HP ( Wet Gas / Micro condensation) 35 %
2- Dry Mist Aerosol HP 5 %
3- Dry Fog Aerosol HP 6 %
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7. Hydrogen Peroxide Systems
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8. Advantages Disadvantages
Reliable biocidal All patients and staff may not
be in room
Surface and equipment
decontamination
HVAC must be disabled
Residual free Room must be sealed with tape
Can use on complex equipment Does not remove dust or stains
HPV system has contributed
to controlling several outbreaks
Need to determine HP
concentration
Uniform distribution via
automated dispersal system
No daily disinfection
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9. Automated UV Radiation Devices
1. Mercury Ultraviolet
2. Pulsed Xenon Ultraviolet (PX-UV)
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Nerandzic MM. BMC Infect Dis
2010;10:197; Nerandzic MM. PLOS One
2010; Rutala WA, et al. Infect Control
Hosp Epidemiol 2010;31:1025-31; Boyce
JM, et al. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol
2011;32:1016-28; Stibich M, et al. Infect
Control Hosp Epidemiol 2011;32:286-8

10. Advantages Disadvantages
Rapid (15 min; for vegetative and 45 min
for C diff)
No studies regarding HAI reduction
Reliable biocidal activity Not for daily disinfection only for
terminal disinfection
Used for the control of pathogenic
microorganisms in a variety of applications,
such as disinfection of air, surfaces and water
Need to determine UV parameters
Room does not need to be sealed Inadequate methods to monitor UV
delivery and effectiveness
HVAC can stay on
Low operating costs
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11. Ozone gas
The use of ozone gas as an antibacterial agent
shows promise for future use in health care
settings
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12. Advantages Disadvantages
Reliable biocidal Toxic at high concentrations
Effectively penetrates all areas of a room,
even areas difficult to access.
All patients and staff must be removed
from the room before decontamination
Administration of gas can be controlled
from outside the room
Air ducts from the room and gaps under
doors must be sealed prior to
decontamination
Easy and economical to produce Area to be decontaminated must remain
sealed off from other areas until ozone
levels return to safe limits
By-products are safe for the environment No daily disinfection
Decontaminates a large area relatively
quickly (less than one hour for an entire
room)
More studies should be done and
evaluated
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13. Chlorine Dioxide Gas Fogging
• Sporicidal (broad spectrum) at
low concentrations, typically at
100 – 1800 ppm
• Used for outbreak management
in rooms and buildings
• Mechanism – oxidation, (not
chlorination) attacks cell
membrane, no chlorine
byproducts
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14. Self Disinfecting Surfaces
• Self-disinfecting surfaces can be created by impregnating or
coating surfaces with heavy metals (e.g., silver or copper) or light-
activated antimicrobials).
• In health care, there has been interest in treating surfaces around
patients with materials that retard bacterial growth
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Objective To Minimize Rapid Recontamination

15. It includes but not limited to
• Silver or silver ion impregnated
• Copper
• Light activated surfaces
• Sharklet pattern
The only surface or surface
treatment that has been
shown to be effective in
reducing bacterial load in
field testing in hospitals is
copper
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16. Copper
• Copper is considered a broad-spectrum antimicrobial including
activity against bacterial endospores such as C difficile
• There is considerable scientific evidence indicating that copper
alloy surfaces, when maintained and regularly cleaned, exhibit
an antimicrobial effect on various microorganisms, particularity
those commonly implicated in patient infections.
• We can use copper and copper alloy surfaces or embedded
within a surface like plastic or polymer
• Additionally copper are registered with the EPA as solid
antimicrobial materials.
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17. Application of antimicrobial copper
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Silver
• Silver releases ionic free radicals that react with cell DNA and
disrupt the critical life processes of the cell.
• Incorporation of silver into various materials and surface
coatings have been shown to be effective in reducing
microbial surface counts
• A new coating that contains silver nanoparticles does appear
to reduce the number of germs that survive on surfaces
Light activated surfaces
Using Titanium dioxide damage cell wall and cause cell to die

19. Silver coated surface
Light activated surfaces
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20. Sharklet pattern
• Sharklet is a patented surface
technology comprising millions of
raised, microscopic features arranged
in distinct diamond Shapes.
• Sharklet keeps biofilms from forming
because the pattern requires too
much energy for bacteria to colonize.
• The Sharklet pattern is manufactured
(imprinted) into the surfaces of
products to decrease bacterial
attachment and survival
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