This document discusses the origin, background, and foundation of environmental movements in India. It notes that India's earliest environmental movements had a religious or cultural basis in the medieval period. It then outlines several key international treaties and agreements on climate change and biodiversity. The document also summarizes several prominent environmental protests in India, including the Chipko Movement. It describes how environmental protection was later added to the Indian constitution and the establishment of agencies like the Ministry of Environment and Forests to develop policies around these issues.

1. Paper IV- Political Process in Maharashtra
New Social Movement -
Environment
01
GROUP 5/SEMESTER 6/ 2021-2022/T.Y.B.A Pol.Sci.

2. Origin, Background, Foundation
01
Content of Presentation
International Treaties, Protocols, Summits,
agreements and Action Plans
Protests and Conservation Movements
Policies of Government of India
Committees on Resolving Environmental Issues
02
03
04
05
GROUP 5/SEMESTER 6/ 2021-2022/T.Y.B.A Pol.Sci. 02
5

3. Origin
India finds it's origin of Nature
and Environment Movement
in the Medieval Period.
Background
The Background of these
movement in early times was
religious and cultural while
know it is based on society
and Research.
Foundation
The Foundation Stone of all these
Movement was led by the Same People
twice. The Revered Boshnois.
03
Origin, Background, Foundation
GROUP 5/SEMESTER 6/ 2021-2022/T.Y.B.A Pol.Sci.

4. The United Nations
Framework Convention
on Climate (UNFCCC)
Kyoto Protocol Paris agreement
Convention on international
trade in endangered species
of wild fauna and flora.
Convention on
biological diversity
09
International Treaties, Summits, Agreements
GROUP 5/SEMESTER 6/ 2021-2022/T.Y.B.A Pol.Sci. 04
Vienna convention for
the protection of
ozone layer
Convention on prevention of
marine pollution by dumping
waste and other matters.
Stockholm convention on
persistent organic
pollutants.

5. Appiko Movement
Appiko Movement is one of the
forest-based environmental
movements in India.
Silent Valley Movement
The proposed project was not
ecologically viable, as it would
drown a chunk of the valuable
rainforest of the valley.
Tehri Dam Conflict
One of the most protracted
environmental movements in
the recent years is the
movement against the Tehri
Dam.
Protests and Conservation Movements
Bishnoi Movement
The Movement led by Amrita
Devi in Rajasthan.
Chipko Movement
One of the world renowned
movement for environment.
Narmada Bachao Andolan
The most popular and
supported movement for
Environment.
GROUP 5/SEMESTER 6/ 2021-2022/T.Y.B.A Pol.Sci. 05

6. Our constitution, originally, did not contain any direct
provision regarding the protection of natural
environment.
However, after the United Nations Conference on Human
Environment, held in Stockholm in 1972,
Indian constitution was amended to include protection of the
environment as a constitutional mandate.
The forty second amendment (Fundamental
Duties) Clause (g) to Article 51A of the Indian
constitution made it a fundamental duty to protect
and improve the natural environment.
• Article 48A states “The State shall endeavour to
protect and improve the environment and to
safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country”.
The Department of Environment was established
in India in 1980 to ensure a healthy
environment for the country. This later became the
Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF)
in 1985.
06
06
GROUP 5/SEMESTER 6/ 2021-2022/T.Y.B.A Pol.Sci.
Policies of Government of India

7. Key instruments for promoting environmental change include conducting environmental impact
assessments, developing educational campaigns, and ensuring public participation. As the nodal
agency
Ministry of Environment and Forests (MOEF) is responsible for implementing the NPPA and the
NCS/PSED. National Environment Policy of 2006.
Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), statutory organisation, was constituted in September, 1974
under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974.
Committees on Resolving Environmental Issues
GROUP 5/SEMESTER 6/ 2021-2022/T.Y.B.A Pol.Sci. 07