This document proposes a new system for naming astronomical phenomena like eclipses, transits, and occultations that takes into account the observer's position. Currently, these events are usually named based on how they appear from Earth. However, as humans begin to inhabit other celestial bodies, the same astronomical arrangements will look different depending on the observer's location. The document outlines some examples to illustrate this, such as how a lunar eclipse on Earth would be seen as a solar eclipse from the Moon's perspective. It argues for a universal nomenclature that considers the observer's position to accurately describe events. The proposed system aims to classify all possible phenomena to help study newly discovered planetary systems.
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This document provides an overview of astronomy and its history. It discusses:
- How astronomy began with early civilizations making observations of celestial bodies and using them to develop calendars.
- How modern astronomers now use sophisticated tools like telescopes alongside physics and chemistry to further our understanding of the universe.
- How views have changed from an ancient geocentric model of the solar system to the modern heliocentric model, based on the scientific observations of astronomers like Galileo.
The document provides an overview of key information about the Earth and its place in space. It discusses that the Earth is a planet that orbits the Sun, is spherical in shape, and rotates on a tilted axis, causing the seasons. The Moon is described as Earth's natural satellite that orbits about every 27 days. Modern tools like cameras on missiles first allowed photographs of Earth from space in 1946, confirming its spherical shape.
Ancient astronomers were able to observe several astronomical phenomena before the advent of telescopes:
1) The rising and setting of the Sun in the east and west, and that the point of rising and setting varied throughout the year.
2) The phases of the Moon, from new to full and back to new over 29.5 days.
3) Lunar eclipses, where the Moon passes into Earth's shadow.
4) Solar eclipses, where the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun.
1) The Oort cloud is believed to lie at the edge of our solar system, between 5,000 and 100,000 AU from the sun, and is composed of icy objects and long-period comets.
2) Voyager 1 was the first human-made object to leave the solar system in 2012 when it crossed the heliopause and entered interstellar space.
3) Recent discoveries of objects Sedna and 2012 VP113 in the inner Oort cloud provide insights into the formation and edge of the solar system.
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Mayan Astronomy Essay
I Want To Be An Astronomer
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Socrates On Astronomy
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Astronomy: A Career Essay
Essay about Telescopes in Astronomy
Astronomy : The Field Of Study
Astronomy Research Paper
The document discusses key concepts in geodetic astronomy including orbits, the celestial sphere, the ecliptic plane, and equinoxes and solstices. It provides historical context on how our understanding of orbits has developed from early geocentric models using epicycles to Kepler's elliptical model centered on the Sun. Kepler's laws established that planets follow elliptical rather than circular orbits, with speed dependent on distance from the Sun and a relationship between orbital properties and period.
Astronomy Impact
Astronomy Essay
Astronomy Essay
Astronomy Essay
Astronomy Essay
Essay about Telescopes in Astronomy
Socrates On Astronomy
Ancient Greek Astronomy Essay
History of Astronomy
This document provides an overview of astronomy and its history. It discusses:
- How astronomy began with early civilizations making observations of celestial bodies and using them to develop calendars.
- How modern astronomers now use sophisticated tools like telescopes alongside physics and chemistry to further our understanding of the universe.
- How views have changed from an ancient geocentric model of the solar system to the modern heliocentric model, based on the scientific observations of astronomers like Galileo.
The document provides an overview of key information about the Earth and its place in space. It discusses that the Earth is a planet that orbits the Sun, is spherical in shape, and rotates on a tilted axis, causing the seasons. The Moon is described as Earth's natural satellite that orbits about every 27 days. Modern tools like cameras on missiles first allowed photographs of Earth from space in 1946, confirming its spherical shape.
Ancient astronomers were able to observe several astronomical phenomena before the advent of telescopes:
1) The rising and setting of the Sun in the east and west, and that the point of rising and setting varied throughout the year.
2) The phases of the Moon, from new to full and back to new over 29.5 days.
3) Lunar eclipses, where the Moon passes into Earth's shadow.
4) Solar eclipses, where the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun.
1) The Oort cloud is believed to lie at the edge of our solar system, between 5,000 and 100,000 AU from the sun, and is composed of icy objects and long-period comets.
2) Voyager 1 was the first human-made object to leave the solar system in 2012 when it crossed the heliopause and entered interstellar space.
3) Recent discoveries of objects Sedna and 2012 VP113 in the inner Oort cloud provide insights into the formation and edge of the solar system.
Astronomy Essay
Mayan Astronomy Essay
I Want To Be An Astronomer
Astronomy Essay
Astronomy Observations
Socrates On Astronomy
Astronomy Essay
Astronomy Essay
Astronomy: A Career Essay
Essay about Telescopes in Astronomy
Astronomy : The Field Of Study
Astronomy Research Paper
The document discusses key concepts in geodetic astronomy including orbits, the celestial sphere, the ecliptic plane, and equinoxes and solstices. It provides historical context on how our understanding of orbits has developed from early geocentric models using epicycles to Kepler's elliptical model centered on the Sun. Kepler's laws established that planets follow elliptical rather than circular orbits, with speed dependent on distance from the Sun and a relationship between orbital properties and period.
1) According to NASA scientist Jim Kasting, there could be dozens of habitable planets surrounding us that we cannot yet see.
2) Seven Earth-sized planets were recently discovered orbiting the star Trappist-1 that may be capable of sustaining liquid water and life.
3) Throughout history, various cultures made structures aligned with astronomical events like solstices, demonstrating early interest in the skies.
Ancient astronomers observed astronomical phenomena before the invention of the telescope, including the moon's changing phases over 29.5 days and lunar and solar eclipses. They also noticed that constellations' positions in the night sky varied throughout the year and that some stars appeared to move among the fixed stars, which they called planets like Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn.
Ancient cultures observed patterns in the stars and associated them with myths and legends, forming constellations. The Greeks named 48 constellations that are still used today, including Orion and Ursa Major. Orion resembles a hunter figure, while Ursa Major includes the Big Dipper asterism. Astronomers now recognize 88 constellations, with stars belonging to constellations not necessarily being physically related. Distances to stars are measured in light years due to the vast distances light travels in a year. Parallax and comparing apparent and absolute magnitudes are methods astronomers use to determine distances to nearby and more distant stars.
The document summarizes key concepts in astronomy. It discusses theories of the origins and expansion of the universe like the Big Bang theory. It also describes methods and tools used to study astronomy like the Hubble telescope, spectroscope, and concepts like the electromagnetic spectrum and Doppler effect. Additional topics covered include galaxies, the Milky Way galaxy, stellar classifications like the H-R diagram, Newton's law of gravitation, constellations, and luminosity measurements.
The document discusses the origin and evolution of human species in the universe. It covers topics like the Ptolemaic and heliocentric models of the universe, the formation of the solar system, discoveries of exoplanets, the Milky Way galaxy, expansion of the universe according to Hubble's law, and the Big Bang theory for the origin of the universe approximately 13.7 billion years ago. The document provides information on these topics through questions, descriptions, images, and discussions of the scientific evidence supporting modern cosmological theories.
The document provides information about astronomy and the solar system. It begins by defining astronomy and describing early astronomers like Copernicus and Galileo. It then discusses concepts like the universe, galaxies, and the Milky Way galaxy. The bulk of the document is focused on defining and describing components of the solar system, including the sun, planets like Earth, Venus, and Mercury, and units like light years and astronomical units. It provides details on concepts like planetary orbits, rotations, and transits. The summary concludes with an overview of the key topics covered.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in astronomy to be covered in Unit 2. It discusses scaling in the universe from solar systems to galaxies to the observable universe. It describes the Milky Way galaxy and theories of the formation and age of the universe based on evidence from the Big Bang like cosmic background radiation and redshift. It also summarizes formation of the solar system, properties of planets and other celestial objects, fusion in stars, phases of the moon, tides, and types of eclipses.
In our solar system, the differences between planets and other objects mostly occur because of their formation at the birth of our solar system. Although it is very difficult to tell, most scientists believe that our solar system formed from a small chunk of an interstellar gas cloud. If true, the composition of the gas cloud would have caused the composition of our sun as well as that of other objects in our solar system. Once the sun formed, that influenced the formation of the planets. Since it was much warmer closer to the sun, only denser, metallic elements were able to condense. This warmer region is now home to the terrestrial planets, which include Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars.
The document discusses astronomy and the study of space. It describes some key discoveries and models in astronomy's history, including that planetary orbits are elliptical, not circular. It also summarizes ancient and modern views of the structure of the universe, from geocentric to heliocentric models. Additionally, it outlines the life cycles of stars and describes objects in our solar system like planets, asteroids, comets, and eclipses.
This document discusses natural satellites in the solar system. It begins by explaining that most planets have moons that orbit around them, similar to Earth's moon. It then defines natural and artificial satellites, noting that natural satellites cannot have their trajectories artificially modified. The document provides data on the number of moons orbiting each major planet. It describes how planetary moons can vary in shape and size, and notes some theories for how moons may have originated. In general, observation of moons requires powerful instruments as most are not visible to the naked eye like Earth's moon.
1) Astronomy is the scientific study of celestial objects and phenomena that originate outside Earth's atmosphere. It is divided into subfields focusing on different types of objects like planets, stars, galaxies, and the universe as a whole.
2) Early astronomers grouped stars into constellations for easier identification and tracking patterns in the night sky. The magnitude scale was developed to measure the brightness of stars, with brighter stars having lower magnitudes.
3) Celestial objects are located using a coordinate system based on the Earth's orientation in space, with declination measuring position north/south and right ascension measuring position eastward around the celestial equator.
The document summarizes key concepts in astronomy including the origin of the universe, galaxies, stars, and the solar system. It describes the Big Bang theory that the universe originated approximately 15 billion years ago from a dense, hot state. Galaxies are made up of stars, and there are three main types of galaxies. The properties and life cycles of stars are also outlined. Finally, it provides details on the composition and theories of formation of the solar system, including the roles of important astronomers like Copernicus, Brahe, and Kepler.
The document provides an overview of lessons covering physics topics related to astronomy. It outlines 24 lessons that will cover telescopes, lenses, different types of telescopes, stars, the sun, moon and earth, eclipses, star distances, galaxies, and more. Each lesson includes objectives, literacy and numeracy focuses, and extension questions.
Go to
http://the2012deception.net for more info and full review of the 2012 Movie
For entire videos with this debunking information go to:
2012 Debunked part 1
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AUnINDZolDY
How 2012 Theories will lead to Genocide
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7xtN1qo9yLw
2012 is a 2009 disaster film directed by Roland Emmerich. The film has an ensemble cast, including John Cusack, Amanda Peet, Danny Glover, Thandie Newton, Oliver Platt, Chiwetel Ejiofor, and Woody Harrelson. The film will be distributed by Columbia Pictures. Filming began in August 2008 in Vancouver.
The document provides an overview of astronomy concepts including:
1) Early astronomers like Ptolemy, Copernicus, and Galileo helped develop models of the solar system and universe, moving from a geocentric to heliocentric view.
2) The Big Bang theory and Nebular Hypothesis describe the origin and evolution of the universe from an initial singularity to the formation of galaxies, stars and planets.
3) Key concepts are defined including the structure of the universe, solar system bodies, planetary motion governed by Kepler's and Newton's laws, and factors that cause seasons on Earth.
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
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1) According to NASA scientist Jim Kasting, there could be dozens of habitable planets surrounding us that we cannot yet see.
2) Seven Earth-sized planets were recently discovered orbiting the star Trappist-1 that may be capable of sustaining liquid water and life.
3) Throughout history, various cultures made structures aligned with astronomical events like solstices, demonstrating early interest in the skies.
Ancient astronomers observed astronomical phenomena before the invention of the telescope, including the moon's changing phases over 29.5 days and lunar and solar eclipses. They also noticed that constellations' positions in the night sky varied throughout the year and that some stars appeared to move among the fixed stars, which they called planets like Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn.
Ancient cultures observed patterns in the stars and associated them with myths and legends, forming constellations. The Greeks named 48 constellations that are still used today, including Orion and Ursa Major. Orion resembles a hunter figure, while Ursa Major includes the Big Dipper asterism. Astronomers now recognize 88 constellations, with stars belonging to constellations not necessarily being physically related. Distances to stars are measured in light years due to the vast distances light travels in a year. Parallax and comparing apparent and absolute magnitudes are methods astronomers use to determine distances to nearby and more distant stars.
The document summarizes key concepts in astronomy. It discusses theories of the origins and expansion of the universe like the Big Bang theory. It also describes methods and tools used to study astronomy like the Hubble telescope, spectroscope, and concepts like the electromagnetic spectrum and Doppler effect. Additional topics covered include galaxies, the Milky Way galaxy, stellar classifications like the H-R diagram, Newton's law of gravitation, constellations, and luminosity measurements.
The document discusses the origin and evolution of human species in the universe. It covers topics like the Ptolemaic and heliocentric models of the universe, the formation of the solar system, discoveries of exoplanets, the Milky Way galaxy, expansion of the universe according to Hubble's law, and the Big Bang theory for the origin of the universe approximately 13.7 billion years ago. The document provides information on these topics through questions, descriptions, images, and discussions of the scientific evidence supporting modern cosmological theories.
The document provides information about astronomy and the solar system. It begins by defining astronomy and describing early astronomers like Copernicus and Galileo. It then discusses concepts like the universe, galaxies, and the Milky Way galaxy. The bulk of the document is focused on defining and describing components of the solar system, including the sun, planets like Earth, Venus, and Mercury, and units like light years and astronomical units. It provides details on concepts like planetary orbits, rotations, and transits. The summary concludes with an overview of the key topics covered.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in astronomy to be covered in Unit 2. It discusses scaling in the universe from solar systems to galaxies to the observable universe. It describes the Milky Way galaxy and theories of the formation and age of the universe based on evidence from the Big Bang like cosmic background radiation and redshift. It also summarizes formation of the solar system, properties of planets and other celestial objects, fusion in stars, phases of the moon, tides, and types of eclipses.
In our solar system, the differences between planets and other objects mostly occur because of their formation at the birth of our solar system. Although it is very difficult to tell, most scientists believe that our solar system formed from a small chunk of an interstellar gas cloud. If true, the composition of the gas cloud would have caused the composition of our sun as well as that of other objects in our solar system. Once the sun formed, that influenced the formation of the planets. Since it was much warmer closer to the sun, only denser, metallic elements were able to condense. This warmer region is now home to the terrestrial planets, which include Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars.
The document discusses astronomy and the study of space. It describes some key discoveries and models in astronomy's history, including that planetary orbits are elliptical, not circular. It also summarizes ancient and modern views of the structure of the universe, from geocentric to heliocentric models. Additionally, it outlines the life cycles of stars and describes objects in our solar system like planets, asteroids, comets, and eclipses.
This document discusses natural satellites in the solar system. It begins by explaining that most planets have moons that orbit around them, similar to Earth's moon. It then defines natural and artificial satellites, noting that natural satellites cannot have their trajectories artificially modified. The document provides data on the number of moons orbiting each major planet. It describes how planetary moons can vary in shape and size, and notes some theories for how moons may have originated. In general, observation of moons requires powerful instruments as most are not visible to the naked eye like Earth's moon.
1) Astronomy is the scientific study of celestial objects and phenomena that originate outside Earth's atmosphere. It is divided into subfields focusing on different types of objects like planets, stars, galaxies, and the universe as a whole.
2) Early astronomers grouped stars into constellations for easier identification and tracking patterns in the night sky. The magnitude scale was developed to measure the brightness of stars, with brighter stars having lower magnitudes.
3) Celestial objects are located using a coordinate system based on the Earth's orientation in space, with declination measuring position north/south and right ascension measuring position eastward around the celestial equator.
The document summarizes key concepts in astronomy including the origin of the universe, galaxies, stars, and the solar system. It describes the Big Bang theory that the universe originated approximately 15 billion years ago from a dense, hot state. Galaxies are made up of stars, and there are three main types of galaxies. The properties and life cycles of stars are also outlined. Finally, it provides details on the composition and theories of formation of the solar system, including the roles of important astronomers like Copernicus, Brahe, and Kepler.
The document provides an overview of lessons covering physics topics related to astronomy. It outlines 24 lessons that will cover telescopes, lenses, different types of telescopes, stars, the sun, moon and earth, eclipses, star distances, galaxies, and more. Each lesson includes objectives, literacy and numeracy focuses, and extension questions.
Go to
http://the2012deception.net for more info and full review of the 2012 Movie
For entire videos with this debunking information go to:
2012 Debunked part 1
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AUnINDZolDY
How 2012 Theories will lead to Genocide
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7xtN1qo9yLw
2012 is a 2009 disaster film directed by Roland Emmerich. The film has an ensemble cast, including John Cusack, Amanda Peet, Danny Glover, Thandie Newton, Oliver Platt, Chiwetel Ejiofor, and Woody Harrelson. The film will be distributed by Columbia Pictures. Filming began in August 2008 in Vancouver.
The document provides an overview of astronomy concepts including:
1) Early astronomers like Ptolemy, Copernicus, and Galileo helped develop models of the solar system and universe, moving from a geocentric to heliocentric view.
2) The Big Bang theory and Nebular Hypothesis describe the origin and evolution of the universe from an initial singularity to the formation of galaxies, stars and planets.
3) Key concepts are defined including the structure of the universe, solar system bodies, planetary motion governed by Kepler's and Newton's laws, and factors that cause seasons on Earth.
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The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMHODECEDSIET
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.