The document summarizes key concepts in astronomy. It discusses theories of the origins and expansion of the universe like the Big Bang theory. It also describes methods and tools used to study astronomy like the Hubble telescope, spectroscope, and concepts like the electromagnetic spectrum and Doppler effect. Additional topics covered include galaxies, the Milky Way galaxy, stellar classifications like the H-R diagram, Newton's law of gravitation, constellations, and luminosity measurements.

1. Astronomy
Avaree Lipscomb 102010
http://www.astronomy2009-algeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/Astronomy.jpg

2. Slide 3 .Oscillating theory/objective 1a
Slide 4 . Big Bang and steady state/objective 1b
Slide 5 . Distances in space/objective 2
Slide 6 . What are used to investigate the universe?/objective 3
Slide 7 . Electromagnetic spectrum/objective 4
Slide 8 . Doppler Effect/objective 5
Slide 9 . Galaxies/objective 6
Slide 10 . Milky Way/objective 7
Slide 11 . H.R. Diagram/objective 8
Slide 12 .Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation/objective 9
Slide 13 .Constellations/objective 10

3. 1
 A big bang will occur and then it will expand to a certain spot and
then it will come back together again .
 The expansion rate moves at a very fast pace .
 Formed 13.7 billion years ago
g
http://scienceblogs.com/startswithabang/upload/2009/06/makin/big-bang.jp

4. 1b
 Believers of the big  This theory was
bang theory believe developed in 1948
that there was only  Believes that the
one huge explosive universe formed 13.7
which scatter all the years ago
parts of the universe  Steady state says that
all over the place and
there is new matter
from the effect it is being formed while
still spreading apart. the universe expands.
 Still believes the
universe was formed
13.7 billion years

5. 2
 Parallax is a apparent displacement from I different position.
 A light year is what is used to measure distances in space , a light
year is how much distance light travels in a year.
 A Cepheid is a member of a class of variable stars.
 Parsec is a unit of length equaled to just under 31 trillion
kilometers or 206205 AU or 3.26 light years.
http://sci.esa.int/science-e-media/img/20/parallax2.gif

6. 3
 The Hubble telescope is a space telescope that was sent to orbit
in space in 1990. The battery time prediction has past but it is
still taking photos.
 The spectroscope is used by astronomers to look at star and see if
hydrogen is in a star. It is a instrument used to measure the
properties in light.
 The Apollo spacecraft was designed to take people safely to the
moon and back. It was also the first spacecraft to do this. The
voyager spacecraft was launched in 1977 to go to space and
successfully complete missions.
http://www.dailyhotnews.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/hubble-telescope-752865.jpg

7. 4
 The electromagnetic spectrum consists of the complete
range of wavelengths of electromagnetic waves.
 The colors of a star can tell us what it is made out of and
also the colors of the stars can tell us how hot the star is
or how much hydrogen gas it is burning off.
http://www.kollewin.com/EX/09-15-03/spectrum.gif

8. 5
 The Doppler Effect is the change in the frequency of a wave for
an observer moving relative to the source of the wave.
 The Doppler shift shows that the galaxies are moving away from
each other , and this supports the Big Bang theory.
 How the stars and galaxies appear shows red shift and blue shift.
http://mail.colonial.net/~hkaiter/astronomyimagesB/Doppler_effect_diagrammatic.png

9. 6
 A galaxy is a group of billion of stars kept together by gravity.
 Elliptical- have an elliptical appearance from no matter what
angle you look at it.
 Spiral- these galaxies are rotating disks of stars.
 Irregular- can differ have really no special shape just a lot of
stars bunched together.
http://www.astro.ljmu.ac.uk/courses/phys134/pic/cosmo/3gals.jpg

10. 7
 The Milky Way is the galaxy we live in.
 On earth stars in the Milky Way appear closer than they
are.
 The Milky Way is a barred spiral galaxy, the Milky Way is
about 13.2 billion years old, it is believed to be carrying
about 200 billion stars.
http://www.myviewsandreviews.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/Under-The-Milky-Way-Tonight.jpg

11. 8
 The H.R Diagram is a scatter The H.R Diagram shows that the stars
placed more to the left are hotter. In the Star Spectral classes it
shows that the blue stars are the hottest and that’s why on the H.R.
Diagram is on the left. The red stars are the coolest and they are
placed on the right of the H.R. Diagram and they are also many stars
in between.
http://www.slackerastronomy.org/slackerpedia/images/HR_diagram.png

12. 9
 Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation explains how the
earth and the rest of the solar system stays in orbit.
 Newton’s Law of Gravitation states that every massive
particle in the universe attracts every other massive
particle with a force which is directly proportional to the
product of their masses and inversely proportional to the
square of the distance between them.
http://scienceblogs.com/startswithabang/upload/2009/07/meet_our_second_moon/400px-
NewtonsLawOfUniversalGravitation.svg.png

13. 10
 In modern astronomy, a constellation is an internationally defined
area of the celestial sphere.
 Constellation’s are patterns made by connecting a line from star
to star in the sky.
 Some constellation’s never rise or set and those are called
circumpolar constellation’s.
 All the rest of the constellations are seasonal constellation’s you
can see them better in certain seasons because of the rotation of
the earth.
http://my.execpc.com/60/B3/culp/astronomy/fig/LittleDipper.gif http://startswithabang.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/07/bigdipper.gif

14.  Luminosity is a measurement of brightness.
 The absolute magnitude measures a celestial object intrinsic
brightness.
 The absolute magnitude is the actual brightness of a star but the
apparent magnitude is how bright the star appears on earth.
http://astro.unl.edu/classaction/outlines/stellarprops/slide4.jpg http://universeadventure.org/fundamentals/images/light-relationtriangle.jpg

15.  Objective 1 : http://www.allaboutcreation.org/oscillating-universe-theory-faq.htm
 Objective 1 : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang
 Objective 1: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steady_State_theory
 Objective 2 : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallax
 Objective 2 : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parsec
 Objective 2 : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cepheid_variable
 Objective 3 : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope
 Objective 3 : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectroscope
 Objective 3 : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_spacecraft
 Objective 3: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voyager_spacecraft
 Objective 4: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum
 Objective 5: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doppler_effect
 Objective 6: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy
 Objective 7: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy
 Objective 7: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milky_Way#Size
 Objective 8: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/starlog/staspe.html
 Objective 9: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%27s_law_of_universal_gravitation
 Objective 10: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constellation
 Objective 11: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_magnitude#Apparent_magnitude