This document discusses using plant viruses for nanotechnology and nanomedicine applications. It begins by defining nanotechnology and the nanoscale. It then discusses using plant viral nanoparticles and structures like CPMV and TMV in nanobiotechnology. Methods of synthesizing, functionalizing, and encapsulating cargos within viral nanoparticles are presented. Examples of using viral nanoparticles for vaccine production against diseases like hepatitis, influenza, and papillomavirus are provided. The document concludes by discussing the scope and potential challenges of using nanotechnology for plant disease management.

1. Synthetic plant virology for Nanobiotechnology
and Nanomedicine
Presented by:
Abhinay singh
PG/M-4240/18
M.Sc Biotechnology

2. NANOTECHNOLOGY
 The design, characterization, production
and application of structures, devices and
systems by controlling shape and size at the
nanoscale

3. NANOSCALE
 Theterm‘nanotechnology’isbasedontheprefix
‘nano’-Greekword meaning ‘dwarf’
Word‘nano’means10ˉ⁹oronebillionthpartofa metre
1nanometer=onebillionth(10ˉ⁹)ofmetre

4. “Adaptability to manipulate, control, assemble, produce and
manufacture things at atomic precision” (THERE’S PLENTY OF ROOM AT
THE BOTTOM )
Richard feynman
“Thefatherof Nanotechnology”

5. Norio Taniguchi, Professor
- coined the term “Nanotechnology”(1974)
“Nano- technology’’ - processing, separation,
consolidation and deformation of materials by
one atom or by one molecule".

6. Properties Of Nanoparticles
 Nanoparticles show unusual physical,chemical and biological
properties,which are completely lacked in their bulk molecule.
 Nanoparticles have a high surface to volume ratio that increase
their reactivity and biochemical activity.
 Nanoparticles possess strong affinity to targets such as proteins.

7. Applications

8. Synthesis Of Nanoparticle
 Chemical method
 Physical method
 Biological method

9. Chemical method
 Chemical reduction method :In this method, a copper salt is reduced
by a reducing agent such as sodium borohydride, ascorbic acid into
copper nanoparticle.
 Sonochemical method : In this method powerful ultrasound radiation
of 10 -20 Hz are applied to molecule to enhance the chemical
reaction.

10. Physical method
• Electro chemicalmethod :In this method electricity is
usedas the driving or controlling force to produce
nanoparticlesof metal.

11. Biological Synthesis Of Nanoparticles
• Microbial synthesis of nano particle: Numerous
micro organism have been found to produce
nanoparticles in the substrate.
11/27/18

12. sssss
Nanoparticle Microganism Reference
Gold
nanoparticles
Verticilliumsps, Mukherjee etal. (2001)
Fusariumoxysporum Mukherjee etal. (2002)
Trichothecium Ahmadetal. (2005)
Penicillium Du etal. (2011)
Gold andSilver
Nanoparticles
Brevibacteriumcasei Kalishwaralaletal. (2010)
BacillusSubtilis Reddyetal. (2010)
Silver
nanoparticles
Fusariumsemitectum Basavarajaetal.(2008)
Alternariaalternata Gajbhiyeetal. (2009)
Trichoderma Devietal. (2013)
Phytophthorainfestans Thirumurugan etal. (2011)

13. Photosynthesis Of Nanoparticles
Plant extracts can also serve as one of the effective and eco
friendly material for synthesis of nanoparticles. E.g extract
from Ocimum tenuiflorum ,Solanum tricobatum,Citrus
sinensis were used for synthesis of silver nanoparticlesfrom
silver nitrate solution.

14. Dendrimers
Nanosensors
FullerenesCarbon Nanotubes
Nano Chips
60
CSequence nanoscale
ToolsofNanotechnology
C60

15. Plant viral structures frequently used in Nanobiotechnology
CPMV TMV

16. The Art of Engineering Viral Nanoparticles

17. In Vitro Assembly of Structures - Bioconjugation
Figure
Representations of novel VNP structures for functionalization. (a)
TMV‐derived ‘nano‐boomerang’ (b) TMV tetrapod, both derived
by in vitro formation mediated by either two or four OAS on a
single RNA. (c) Nano‐star formed by conjugating multiple TMV
OAS to a gold nanoparticle. (d) Catalytically active TuMV nanonet
formed by conjugation to C. antarcticaLipase B.

18. Figure 3
Schematic of the key methods used to encapsulate specific cargoes into VNPs. Left
shows swelling‐mediated infusion of nanoparticles. Right demonstrates cargo caging.
ENCAPSULATION

19. Synthetic Plant Virology for Vaccine Production

20. Virus Summary Reference
Hepatitis B Tabletized transgenic lettuce containing HBsAg VLPs
is orally immunogenic in mice
Pniewski 2011136
Hepatitis C Cucumber mosaic virus nanoparticles carrying a
Hepatitis C virus‐derived epitope, orally immunogenic
in rabbits
Nuzzaci 2010137
Hepatitis C Papaya mosaic virus‐like particles fused to a hepatitis
C virus epitope: evidence for the critical function of
multimerization, mixed response in mice
Denis 2007138
Influenza Influenza virus‐like particles induce a protective
immune response against a lethal viral challenge in
mice, produced for H7N9 outbreak virus
D'Aoust 2008139
Papillomavirus HPV‐16 L1 VLPs via agroinfiltration‐mediated
transient expression or via transplastomic expression
Maclean 2007,140Fernandez‐San 2008141
Papillomavirus Expression of HPV‐8 L1 VLPs Matic 2012142
Papillomavirus transient expression of chimaeric L1::L2 VLPs and
proof of increased breadth of immune response
Pineo 2013143
Bovine papillomavirus Transient expression of BPV L1 VLPs Love 2012144

21. Scope Of Nanotechnology
 Nanotechnology can be used as alternative tool for
existing plant disease management.
 Nanotechnology can be used for combating the plant
disease either by controlled delivery of functional
compounds or as diagnostic tool for disease .
 Importance of nanoscale delivery system in agriculture is
because of its improved solubility and degradation in the
environmental factors.

22. Conclusion
 Use of nanoparticles in plant disaese management is a novel
and fancy approach that may prove in future with the
progress of application aspect of nanotechnology.
 Despite of tremendous application scope of nanotechnology in
plant disease management ,there are certain demerits, risk and
apprehension in the use of NPs in agriculture which are
required to be worked out on priority and before the
commercial use of nanotechnology in agriculture

23. REFERENCES
1. Stanley WM. Isolation of a crystalline protein possessing the properties of tobacco‐mosaic
virus. Science1935, 81:644–645.
2. Bawden FC, Pirie NW, Bernal JD, Fankuchen I. Liquid crystalline substances from
virus‐infected plants. Nature 1936, 138:1051–1052.
3. Caspar DL, Klug A. Physical principles in the construction of regular viruses. Cold Spring
Harb Symp Quant Biol 1962, 27:1–24.
4. Stubbs G, Warren S, Holmes K. Structure of RNA and RNA binding site in tobacco mosaic
virus from 4‐A map calculated from X‐ray fibre diagrams. Nature 1977, 267:216–221.
5. Bloomer AC, Champness JN, Bricogne G, Staden R, Klug A. Protein disk of tobacco mosaic
virus at 2.8 A resolution showing the interactions within and between
subunits. Nature 1978, 276:362–368.
6. Harrison SC, Olson AJ, Schutt CE, Winkler FK, Bricogne G. Tomato bushy stunt virus at 2.9 A
resolution. Nature 1978, 276:368–373.
7. Abad‐Zapatero C, Abdel‐Meguid SS, Johnson JE, Leslie AG, Rayment I, Rossmann MG, Suck
D, Tsukihara T. Structure of southern bean mosaic virus at 2.8 A resolution. Nature 1980, 286:33–
39.
8. Porta C, Lomonossoff GP. Use of viral replicons for the expression of genes in plants. Mol
Biotechnol1996, 5:209–221.
9. Varma A, Gibbs AJ, Woods RD, Finch JT. Some observations on structure of filamentous
particles of several plant viruses. J Gen Virol 1968, 2:107–114.

24. Thank You