This document discusses new techniques for improving crop productivity through plant-bacterium gene manipulation. It describes various methods for transforming plant cells, including Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, microprojectile bombardment, electroporation, microinjection, vacuum infiltration, and others. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is highlighted as one of the most efficient and widely used methods, with transformation efficiencies as high as 90% achieved in some crops. The document provides details on the mechanisms, applications, and improvements of different transformation techniques.
The document discusses various modern techniques for increasing crop yield, including genetic engineering, tissue culture, mutagenesis, molecular breeding, RNA interference, and nanotechnology. Genetic engineering techniques like agrobacterium-mediated transfer and biolistic transformation are used to introduce genes that increase stress resistance or yield. Tissue culture, mutagenesis, and molecular breeding also introduce beneficial traits. RNA interference works at the post-transcriptional level to silence genes. Nanoparticles like carbon nanotubes and titanium dioxide have been shown to enhance seed germination and plant growth. The overall aim of these techniques is to develop crop varieties with higher yields.
This document provides an overview of various gene transformation techniques, including both vector-mediated and direct methods. It discusses natural transformation mechanisms like conjugation and transduction, as well as artificial vector-mediated techniques like Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Direct methods like microinjection, electroporation, particle bombardment, and chemical methods using PEG or calcium phosphate are also covered. The applications, advantages, and limitations of different techniques are summarized. Overall, the document serves as an informative introduction to the key gene transfer methods used in plant biotechnology.
This document provides an overview of various gene transformation techniques, including both vector-mediated and direct methods. It discusses natural transformation mechanisms like conjugation and transduction, as well as artificial vector-mediated techniques like Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Direct methods like microinjection, electroporation, particle bombardment, and chemical methods using PEG or calcium phosphate are also covered. The applications, advantages, and limitations of different techniques are summarized. Overall, the document serves as an informative introduction to the key gene transfer methods used in plant biotechnology.
Genetic engineering and Transformation methodsManjunath R
Genetic engineering involves manipulating an organism's genome using modern DNA technology. This document discusses various genetic transformation methods, including both direct and indirect methods. Indirect methods involve using Agrobacterium tumefaciens to transfer DNA into plant cells. Direct methods discussed include particle bombardment, polyethylene glycol treatment, electroporation, and microinjection. The document provides details on the process, mechanisms, applications and history of genetic engineering and transformation techniques.
Review on Genetic Engineering in Castor Bean by Yin Xuegui in Advancements in Bioequivalence & Bioavailability
https://crimsonpublishers.com/abb/fulltext/ABB.000516.php
APPLICATION OF BIOTECHNOLOGICAL TOOLS IN VEGETABLE IMPROVEMENTshikha singh
This document summarizes M.Sc student Saurabh Singh's seminar presentation on the topic of biotechnology. It defines biotechnology and traces its origins. It describes various biotechnology techniques like tissue culture, genetic engineering, marker assisted selection, and their applications in crop improvement. These techniques help overcome limitations of conventional breeding by allowing precise gene transfer and introducing traits from unrelated species. The document also discusses some challenges of biotechnology like high costs, stability of transgene expression, and potential ecological impacts. It sees opportunities to further develop biotechnology in India with more research investment and scientific capabilities.
The document discusses various modern techniques for increasing crop yield, including genetic engineering, tissue culture, mutagenesis, molecular breeding, RNA interference, and nanotechnology. Genetic engineering techniques like agrobacterium-mediated transfer and biolistic transformation are used to introduce genes that increase stress resistance or yield. Tissue culture, mutagenesis, and molecular breeding also introduce beneficial traits. RNA interference works at the post-transcriptional level to silence genes. Nanoparticles like carbon nanotubes and titanium dioxide have been shown to enhance seed germination and plant growth. The overall aim of these techniques is to develop crop varieties with higher yields.
This document provides an overview of various gene transformation techniques, including both vector-mediated and direct methods. It discusses natural transformation mechanisms like conjugation and transduction, as well as artificial vector-mediated techniques like Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Direct methods like microinjection, electroporation, particle bombardment, and chemical methods using PEG or calcium phosphate are also covered. The applications, advantages, and limitations of different techniques are summarized. Overall, the document serves as an informative introduction to the key gene transfer methods used in plant biotechnology.
This document provides an overview of various gene transformation techniques, including both vector-mediated and direct methods. It discusses natural transformation mechanisms like conjugation and transduction, as well as artificial vector-mediated techniques like Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Direct methods like microinjection, electroporation, particle bombardment, and chemical methods using PEG or calcium phosphate are also covered. The applications, advantages, and limitations of different techniques are summarized. Overall, the document serves as an informative introduction to the key gene transfer methods used in plant biotechnology.
Genetic engineering and Transformation methodsManjunath R
Genetic engineering involves manipulating an organism's genome using modern DNA technology. This document discusses various genetic transformation methods, including both direct and indirect methods. Indirect methods involve using Agrobacterium tumefaciens to transfer DNA into plant cells. Direct methods discussed include particle bombardment, polyethylene glycol treatment, electroporation, and microinjection. The document provides details on the process, mechanisms, applications and history of genetic engineering and transformation techniques.
Review on Genetic Engineering in Castor Bean by Yin Xuegui in Advancements in Bioequivalence & Bioavailability
https://crimsonpublishers.com/abb/fulltext/ABB.000516.php
APPLICATION OF BIOTECHNOLOGICAL TOOLS IN VEGETABLE IMPROVEMENTshikha singh
This document summarizes M.Sc student Saurabh Singh's seminar presentation on the topic of biotechnology. It defines biotechnology and traces its origins. It describes various biotechnology techniques like tissue culture, genetic engineering, marker assisted selection, and their applications in crop improvement. These techniques help overcome limitations of conventional breeding by allowing precise gene transfer and introducing traits from unrelated species. The document also discusses some challenges of biotechnology like high costs, stability of transgene expression, and potential ecological impacts. It sees opportunities to further develop biotechnology in India with more research investment and scientific capabilities.
Majority of agronomic traits are quantitative and are controlled polygenetically.Instead of producing transgenic plants through single gene transfer many researchers are attempting on multigene engineering. The simultaneous transfer of multiple genes in to plants will enable us to produce plants with more desirable characters. Engineering of genes coding for complete metabolic pathways, bacterial operons or biopharmaceuticals that require an assembly of complex multisubunit proteins etc are some of the successful examples of multigene engineering.
Development, production and release of transgenic plants-Issues related to tr...Navaneetha Krishnan J
This document discusses the development, production, and release of transgenic plants and issues related to transgenics. It provides information on what transgenic crops are, how genetic engineering differs from traditional breeding methods, and global adoption rates of biotech crops. It also summarizes various methods for transferring genes into plants, including direct and indirect methods as well as the regulation of transgenic crops in India. Key approval bodies like GEAC and RCGM are mentioned along with the step-wise regulatory process for commercializing transgenic crops.
This document discusses transgenic plants and their production methods. It describes how transgenic plants are created using genetic engineering techniques to introduce foreign genes. The main plant transformation methods discussed are Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, gene guns, electroporation, and microinjection. Examples of commercial transgenic crops and their traits like insect resistance, herbicide tolerance, and virus resistance are provided. Both advantages like higher yields and reduced pesticide use, as well as disadvantages like potential health risks and creation of pesticide-resistant super bugs are summarized.
This document discusses transgenic plants. It begins by defining transgenic plants as organisms containing genes introduced through biotechnology rather than traditional breeding. It then describes several common methods for creating transgenic plants, including Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, gene guns, electroporation, and microinjection. Applications of transgenic plants mentioned include insect-resistant cotton and corn containing Bt genes, as well as herbicide-resistant crops. Both advantages and disadvantages of transgenic crops are noted.
Strain improvement technique (exam point of view)Sijo A
The development of industrial strains, that can tolerate cultural environment and produces the desired metabolite in large amount from wild type strain is called strain improvement.
The rate of production is controlled by genome of an organism.
Hence the rate of production can be increased by inducing necessory changes in genome of the organism. Hence it is also called genetic improvement of microbial strain.
This document discusses clean gene technology for developing transgenic plants without selectable marker genes. It presents 5 methods for producing marker-free transgenic plants: 1) co-transformation, 2) site-specific recombination-mediated marker deletion using the Cre/loxP system, 3) transposon-based marker methods, 4) intrachromosomal recombination, and 5) removal of chloroplast marker genes using homologous recombination. Each method is described briefly along with their advantages and limitations. The document concludes with a list of references on clean gene technology and selectable marker genes.
The document discusses various artificial transformation methods for improving the efficiency of plasmid DNA transformation in bacteria. It describes chemical transformation using calcium chloride, electroporation using electric pulses, physical transformation using nanomaterials and friction, and combined transformation methods that integrate multiple approaches. The conclusion states that while artificial methods increase transformation effectiveness over natural processes, simpler and more universal techniques are still needed that can transform a wide range of bacterial species.
Lectut btn-202-ppt-l25. introduction of dna into host cellsRishabh Jain
This document discusses various methods for introducing DNA into host cells, which is an important step in genetic engineering. It describes transformation, which is introducing DNA into living cells, and transfection, which is introducing viral DNA into living cells. The document then outlines several biological, chemical, and physical methods for transformation and transfection in bacteria, plants, insects, and animal cells. These include techniques like bacterial infection with bacteriophage, Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation, microprojectile bombardment, electroporation, microinjection, and calcium phosphate transfection. It also discusses factors that affect transformation efficiency.
Genetic engineering & transgenic breedingPawan Nagar
This document provides an overview of genetic engineering and transgenic breeding techniques. It discusses cell culture and transformation methods like somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis to obtain transgenic plants. Methods of plant transformation include direct transformation, biological delivery methods, and selecting transgenic events. Molecular biology techniques for plant transformation involve overexpression vectors, promoters for transgene expression, RNA interference, and zinc-finger nucleases. Transgenic breeding involves transferring transgenes into elite lines through backcross breeding over multiple generations. Examples are given of transgenic crops developed for increased yield, insect resistance, disease resistance, herbicide tolerance, drought tolerance, and altering morphological characteristics.
Genetic engineering & transgenic breedingPawan Nagar
This document discusses genetic engineering and transgenic breeding. It begins with an introduction and overview of cell culture and transformation methods like somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis that are used to obtain transgenic plants. Various plant transformation methods like direct transformation, biological delivery methods, and selecting transgenic events are described. The molecular biology behind plant transformation involving overexpression vectors, promoters, RNA interference, and zinc-finger nucleases is explained. Transgenic breeding or breeding with transgenics is then discussed, including improving crop traits through backcrossing transgenic plants with elite varieties. Examples are given of transgenic crops with increased yield or insect resistance.
Transformation is the process of altering an organism's genetic makeup by inserting new genes. It was first demonstrated in bacteria in 1928 and methods have since been developed for plants. There are both direct and indirect methods of plant transformation. Direct methods include particle bombardment/biolistics and electroporation, which introduce DNA by accelerating microprojectiles coated with DNA or using electric pulses. Indirect transformation uses Agrobacterium tumefaciens to transfer DNA to plant cells. The goal is typically to improve crop yields, traits, or pest/weather resistance.
DIRECT METHOD IN TRANSGENIC PLANT PRODUCTION-.pptxkumarashishnavin
This document discusses direct or vectorless methods for producing transgenic plants. It describes how the first transgenic plant was created in 1983 by inserting an antibiotic resistance gene into tobacco. The main purpose of transgenic plants is to develop crops with ideal traits and high yields. The document then discusses transformation, which is altering an organism's genetic makeup by inserting new DNA. It describes how electroporation, which uses electrical pulses to permeabilize cell membranes, allows DNA to enter plant cells and was developed in the 1980s as a direct method for plant transformation. The advantages are intact cells and tissues can be transformed, but the efficiencies depend on conditions, and only 40-50% of cells receive DNA and ~50% of transformed cells survive.
Role of biotechnology in enhancing fruit crop production and qualityankit gawri
It was evident that developed biotechnological approaches have the potential to enhance the yield, quality, and shelf-life of fruits and vegetables to meet the demands of the 21st century. However, the developed biotech approaches for fruits and vegetables were more of academic jargon than a commercial reality
Livestock sector is an important sector in indian economy. To boost the productive performance of existing livestock population in india, biotechnolgy plays a key role to fullfill this.
An efficient cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.pdfsanarao25
This document describes establishing an efficient cucumber protoplast isolation and transient expression system. It outlines optimizing conditions for protoplast isolation from cucumber cotyledons and leaves, including enzymolysis time and mannitol concentration. High transformation efficiency was obtained using PEG4000-mediated transfection of isolated protoplasts with a GFP expression plasmid. The transient expression system provides a tool for further molecular biology and genetic studies in cucumber.
both vector mediated and vector less or direct gene transfer technique is explained.
Vector mediated involves pTi plasmid of "Agrobacterium tumefacians", which is used to transfer desired gene in to the host plant cell or protoplast.
Vector less or direct transfer of gene to the host plant cell or protoplast are by few mwthods they are as follows:
1. Chemical mediated gene transfer
2. Microinjection
3. Electroporation
4. Particle gun/Particle bombardment
5. Lipofection
all the above methods are explained in the presentation.
Improved performances and productivity are also explained followed by advantage and disadvantages then to conclusion and references.
This document discusses genetically modified crops. It begins by defining genetically modified crops as crops that have been manipulated through genetic engineering techniques to introduce genes from unrelated organisms. This can produce new traits not present originally. The document then describes several techniques used to produce genetically modified crops, including recombinant DNA technology and direct gene transfer methods like particle bombardment. It provides examples of genetically modified crops and their benefits, such as Flavr Savr tomato with improved shelf life, Golden Rice with increased vitamin A, and Bt crops with built-in pest resistance. The document discusses both potential benefits and risks of genetically modified crops.
Know the difference between Endodontics and Orthodontics.Gokuldas Hospital
Your smile is beautiful.
Let’s be honest. Maintaining that beautiful smile is not an easy task. It is more than brushing and flossing. Sometimes, you might encounter dental issues that need special dental care. These issues can range anywhere from misalignment of the jaw to pain in the root of teeth.
Majority of agronomic traits are quantitative and are controlled polygenetically.Instead of producing transgenic plants through single gene transfer many researchers are attempting on multigene engineering. The simultaneous transfer of multiple genes in to plants will enable us to produce plants with more desirable characters. Engineering of genes coding for complete metabolic pathways, bacterial operons or biopharmaceuticals that require an assembly of complex multisubunit proteins etc are some of the successful examples of multigene engineering.
Development, production and release of transgenic plants-Issues related to tr...Navaneetha Krishnan J
This document discusses the development, production, and release of transgenic plants and issues related to transgenics. It provides information on what transgenic crops are, how genetic engineering differs from traditional breeding methods, and global adoption rates of biotech crops. It also summarizes various methods for transferring genes into plants, including direct and indirect methods as well as the regulation of transgenic crops in India. Key approval bodies like GEAC and RCGM are mentioned along with the step-wise regulatory process for commercializing transgenic crops.
This document discusses transgenic plants and their production methods. It describes how transgenic plants are created using genetic engineering techniques to introduce foreign genes. The main plant transformation methods discussed are Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, gene guns, electroporation, and microinjection. Examples of commercial transgenic crops and their traits like insect resistance, herbicide tolerance, and virus resistance are provided. Both advantages like higher yields and reduced pesticide use, as well as disadvantages like potential health risks and creation of pesticide-resistant super bugs are summarized.
This document discusses transgenic plants. It begins by defining transgenic plants as organisms containing genes introduced through biotechnology rather than traditional breeding. It then describes several common methods for creating transgenic plants, including Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, gene guns, electroporation, and microinjection. Applications of transgenic plants mentioned include insect-resistant cotton and corn containing Bt genes, as well as herbicide-resistant crops. Both advantages and disadvantages of transgenic crops are noted.
Strain improvement technique (exam point of view)Sijo A
The development of industrial strains, that can tolerate cultural environment and produces the desired metabolite in large amount from wild type strain is called strain improvement.
The rate of production is controlled by genome of an organism.
Hence the rate of production can be increased by inducing necessory changes in genome of the organism. Hence it is also called genetic improvement of microbial strain.
This document discusses clean gene technology for developing transgenic plants without selectable marker genes. It presents 5 methods for producing marker-free transgenic plants: 1) co-transformation, 2) site-specific recombination-mediated marker deletion using the Cre/loxP system, 3) transposon-based marker methods, 4) intrachromosomal recombination, and 5) removal of chloroplast marker genes using homologous recombination. Each method is described briefly along with their advantages and limitations. The document concludes with a list of references on clean gene technology and selectable marker genes.
The document discusses various artificial transformation methods for improving the efficiency of plasmid DNA transformation in bacteria. It describes chemical transformation using calcium chloride, electroporation using electric pulses, physical transformation using nanomaterials and friction, and combined transformation methods that integrate multiple approaches. The conclusion states that while artificial methods increase transformation effectiveness over natural processes, simpler and more universal techniques are still needed that can transform a wide range of bacterial species.
Lectut btn-202-ppt-l25. introduction of dna into host cellsRishabh Jain
This document discusses various methods for introducing DNA into host cells, which is an important step in genetic engineering. It describes transformation, which is introducing DNA into living cells, and transfection, which is introducing viral DNA into living cells. The document then outlines several biological, chemical, and physical methods for transformation and transfection in bacteria, plants, insects, and animal cells. These include techniques like bacterial infection with bacteriophage, Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation, microprojectile bombardment, electroporation, microinjection, and calcium phosphate transfection. It also discusses factors that affect transformation efficiency.
Genetic engineering & transgenic breedingPawan Nagar
This document provides an overview of genetic engineering and transgenic breeding techniques. It discusses cell culture and transformation methods like somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis to obtain transgenic plants. Methods of plant transformation include direct transformation, biological delivery methods, and selecting transgenic events. Molecular biology techniques for plant transformation involve overexpression vectors, promoters for transgene expression, RNA interference, and zinc-finger nucleases. Transgenic breeding involves transferring transgenes into elite lines through backcross breeding over multiple generations. Examples are given of transgenic crops developed for increased yield, insect resistance, disease resistance, herbicide tolerance, drought tolerance, and altering morphological characteristics.
Genetic engineering & transgenic breedingPawan Nagar
This document discusses genetic engineering and transgenic breeding. It begins with an introduction and overview of cell culture and transformation methods like somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis that are used to obtain transgenic plants. Various plant transformation methods like direct transformation, biological delivery methods, and selecting transgenic events are described. The molecular biology behind plant transformation involving overexpression vectors, promoters, RNA interference, and zinc-finger nucleases is explained. Transgenic breeding or breeding with transgenics is then discussed, including improving crop traits through backcrossing transgenic plants with elite varieties. Examples are given of transgenic crops with increased yield or insect resistance.
Transformation is the process of altering an organism's genetic makeup by inserting new genes. It was first demonstrated in bacteria in 1928 and methods have since been developed for plants. There are both direct and indirect methods of plant transformation. Direct methods include particle bombardment/biolistics and electroporation, which introduce DNA by accelerating microprojectiles coated with DNA or using electric pulses. Indirect transformation uses Agrobacterium tumefaciens to transfer DNA to plant cells. The goal is typically to improve crop yields, traits, or pest/weather resistance.
DIRECT METHOD IN TRANSGENIC PLANT PRODUCTION-.pptxkumarashishnavin
This document discusses direct or vectorless methods for producing transgenic plants. It describes how the first transgenic plant was created in 1983 by inserting an antibiotic resistance gene into tobacco. The main purpose of transgenic plants is to develop crops with ideal traits and high yields. The document then discusses transformation, which is altering an organism's genetic makeup by inserting new DNA. It describes how electroporation, which uses electrical pulses to permeabilize cell membranes, allows DNA to enter plant cells and was developed in the 1980s as a direct method for plant transformation. The advantages are intact cells and tissues can be transformed, but the efficiencies depend on conditions, and only 40-50% of cells receive DNA and ~50% of transformed cells survive.
Role of biotechnology in enhancing fruit crop production and qualityankit gawri
It was evident that developed biotechnological approaches have the potential to enhance the yield, quality, and shelf-life of fruits and vegetables to meet the demands of the 21st century. However, the developed biotech approaches for fruits and vegetables were more of academic jargon than a commercial reality
Livestock sector is an important sector in indian economy. To boost the productive performance of existing livestock population in india, biotechnolgy plays a key role to fullfill this.
An efficient cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.pdfsanarao25
This document describes establishing an efficient cucumber protoplast isolation and transient expression system. It outlines optimizing conditions for protoplast isolation from cucumber cotyledons and leaves, including enzymolysis time and mannitol concentration. High transformation efficiency was obtained using PEG4000-mediated transfection of isolated protoplasts with a GFP expression plasmid. The transient expression system provides a tool for further molecular biology and genetic studies in cucumber.
both vector mediated and vector less or direct gene transfer technique is explained.
Vector mediated involves pTi plasmid of "Agrobacterium tumefacians", which is used to transfer desired gene in to the host plant cell or protoplast.
Vector less or direct transfer of gene to the host plant cell or protoplast are by few mwthods they are as follows:
1. Chemical mediated gene transfer
2. Microinjection
3. Electroporation
4. Particle gun/Particle bombardment
5. Lipofection
all the above methods are explained in the presentation.
Improved performances and productivity are also explained followed by advantage and disadvantages then to conclusion and references.
This document discusses genetically modified crops. It begins by defining genetically modified crops as crops that have been manipulated through genetic engineering techniques to introduce genes from unrelated organisms. This can produce new traits not present originally. The document then describes several techniques used to produce genetically modified crops, including recombinant DNA technology and direct gene transfer methods like particle bombardment. It provides examples of genetically modified crops and their benefits, such as Flavr Savr tomato with improved shelf life, Golden Rice with increased vitamin A, and Bt crops with built-in pest resistance. The document discusses both potential benefits and risks of genetically modified crops.
Know the difference between Endodontics and Orthodontics.Gokuldas Hospital
Your smile is beautiful.
Let’s be honest. Maintaining that beautiful smile is not an easy task. It is more than brushing and flossing. Sometimes, you might encounter dental issues that need special dental care. These issues can range anywhere from misalignment of the jaw to pain in the root of teeth.
PGx Analysis in VarSeq: A User’s PerspectiveGolden Helix
Since our release of the PGx capabilities in VarSeq, we’ve had a few months to gather some insights from various use cases. Some users approach PGx workflows by means of array genotyping or what seems to be a growing trend of adding the star allele calling to the existing NGS pipeline for whole genome data. Luckily, both approaches are supported with the VarSeq software platform. The genotyping method being used will also dictate what the scope of the tertiary analysis will be. For example, are your PGx reports a standalone pipeline or would your lab’s goal be to handle a dual-purpose workflow and report on PGx + Diagnostic findings.
The purpose of this webcast is to:
Discuss and demonstrate the approaches with array and NGS genotyping methods for star allele calling to prep for downstream analysis.
Following genotyping, explore alternative tertiary workflow concepts in VarSeq to handle PGx reporting.
Moreover, we will include insights users will need to consider when validating their PGx workflow for all possible star alleles and options you have for automating your PGx analysis for large number of samples. Please join us for a session dedicated to the application of star allele genotyping and subsequent PGx workflows in our VarSeq software.
Travel vaccination in Manchester offers comprehensive immunization services for individuals planning international trips. Expert healthcare providers administer vaccines tailored to your destination, ensuring you stay protected against various diseases. Conveniently located clinics and flexible appointment options make it easy to get the necessary shots before your journey. Stay healthy and travel with confidence by getting vaccinated in Manchester. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
STUDIES IN SUPPORT OF SPECIAL POPULATIONS: GERIATRICS E7shruti jagirdar
Unit 4: MRA 103T Regulatory affairs
This guideline is directed principally toward new Molecular Entities that are
likely to have significant use in the elderly, either because the disease intended
to be treated is characteristically a disease of aging ( e.g., Alzheimer's disease) or
because the population to be treated is known to include substantial numbers of
geriatric patients (e.g., hypertension).
Computer in pharmaceutical research and development-Mpharm(Pharmaceutics)MuskanShingari
Statistics- Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing, presenting, analyzing and interpreting numerical data to assist in making more effective decisions.
A statistics is a measure which is used to estimate the population parameter
Parameters-It is used to describe the properties of an entire population.
Examples-Measures of central tendency Dispersion, Variance, Standard Deviation (SD), Absolute Error, Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Eigen Value
Travel Clinic Cardiff: Health Advice for International TravelersNX Healthcare
Travel Clinic Cardiff offers comprehensive travel health services, including vaccinations, travel advice, and preventive care for international travelers. Our expert team ensures you are well-prepared and protected for your journey, providing personalized consultations tailored to your destination. Conveniently located in Cardiff, we help you travel with confidence and peace of mind. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
“Psychiatry and the Humanities”: An Innovative Course at the University of Mo...Université de Montréal
“Psychiatry and the Humanities”: An Innovative Course at the University of Montreal Expanding the medical model to embrace the humanities. Link: https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/-psychiatry-and-the-humanities-an-innovative-course-at-the-university-of-montreal
Debunking Nutrition Myths: Separating Fact from Fiction"AlexandraDiaz101
In a world overflowing with diet trends and conflicting nutrition advice, it’s easy to get lost in misinformation. This article cuts through the noise to debunk common nutrition myths that may be sabotaging your health goals. From the truth about carbohydrates and fats to the real effects of sugar and artificial sweeteners, we break down what science actually says. Equip yourself with knowledge to make informed decisions about your diet, and learn how to navigate the complexities of modern nutrition with confidence. Say goodbye to food confusion and hello to a healthier you!
4. All stable transformation methods
consist of three steps:
1. Delivery of
DNA into a single
plant cell.
2. Integration
of the DNA
into the plant
cell genome.
3. Conversion
of the
transformed
cell into a
whole plant.
5. Productionoftransgenicplant
Isolate and clone gene of interest
Add DNA segments to initiate or enhance gene expression
Add selectable markers
Introduce gene construct into plant cells (transformation)
Select transformed cells or tissues
Regenerate whole plants
10. Timeline of maize transformation
Agrobacterium-mediatedtransformationofmaize
11. Agrobacterium-mediated
transformation of maize
Isolation of immature embryo.
Immature embryos of 9–12 DAP were collected from
maize inbred line A188 on June 2004 in Iwata, Shizuoka,
Japan.
Immature embryo of 10 DAP is 1.2 mm in length and
Yuji Ishida (2007)
12. Planttransformationbybiologicalmethod
High efficient transformation
system of common wheat
mediated by Agrobacterium using
the immature embryos has been
established recently at the Institute
of Crop Science, Chinese
Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
A stable transformation efficiency
of 20–30% was achieved after
confirmed by histochemical
staining, stripe quick test for bar
gene and Southern blotting
(Ishidaet al. 2015)
Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015,
14(3): 411–413
13. 1. Gene transfer by microprojectile
bombardment
ThecoceptoftransferingDNA-coatedparticlesdirectlyintocellswasfirst
conceivedbySanfordandco-workersin1984.
Thefirstresultsusingagunpowder-drivendevicetodelivertungsten
microprojectilescoatedwithviralRNAintoonionepidermalcells.
Inthesameyear,microprojectile-mediateddeliveryofplasmidDNAresultedin
theintroductionofaforeigngene,alsoinonioncells.
Thismethodisroutineandreliablewayofproducingtransgenicplants.
14. Gene transfer by microprojectile
bombardment
Themethodreliesonadevicewhichutilizesa
propellingforce,suchascompressedgasor
gunpowder,toaccelerateinert(usuallymetal)
particles(themicroprojectiles),coatedwithDNA,
intotargetcells
Thistechniqueisalsoreferredtoasparticle
bombardment,particlegunmethod,particle
accelerationandBiolistics(Biologicalballistics).
ParticalGun
33. 7. Shock-waves
Shock waves are pressure pulses with a peak
positive pressure in the kof 30 to 150 MPa, lasting
between 0.5 and 3 μs, followed by a tensile pulse of
upto-20MPawithdurationof2to20μs.
They are produced by electrohydraulic,
electromagnetic or piezoelectric shock wave
generators.
Theexactmechanismresponsibleforshock
wave-assisted cell permeabilization is still not clear,
but there is evidence that it is due to shock wave-
inducedcavitation
Experimental shock wave