The document discusses 3D scanning technologies that can measure physical objects and convert the point cloud data into a usable digital format like a mesh or CAD model. It also describes 3D printing as an additive manufacturing process that creates 3D objects by laying down successive layers of material. Finally, the document lists some applications of 3D scanning such as making spare parts, enabling cheaper space exploration, and driving social change.

1. The physical objectcan be measured using 3D scanning technologies
like CMMs, laser scanners, structured light digitizers, or Industrial CT
Scanning (computed tomography). The measured data alone, usually
represented as a point cloud, lacks topologicalinformation and is therefore
often processedand modeled into a more usable format such as a
triangular-faced mesh, a set of NURBS surfaces,or a CAD model.
3D printing is a form of additive manufacturing technology where a three
dimensional objectis created by laying down successive layers of material.
Additive manufacturing - refers to technologies that create objects through
sequential layering. • Rapid prototyping - is a group of techniques used to
quickly fabricate a scale model of a physical part or assemblyusing three-
dimensional computeraided design(CAD) data. • Subtractive processes -
removal of material by methods such as cutting or drilling.
 3D scanning is a process of analyzing and collecting data of
real object; its shape and appearance and builds digital,
three dimensional models.
Space exploration • Making spare parts on the fly • Cheaper and
more efficient space exploration Social change.
 3D Scanner: is a device that analyzes a real-world
object or environment to collect data on its shape and possibly its
appearance. The collected data can then be used to construct
three dimensional models useful for a wide variety of applications.

2. Waterfall model
Requirement Analysis
Design
Testing and
Maintenance
Implementation