Neurosexism with Social Learning Theory
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
2 likes•666 views
The document discusses the book "Delusions of Gender" which debunks the idea that men and women have innate biological differences in interests and skills. It summarizes several studies that found no significant gender differences in areas like math performance and empathy. One study found that having girls play video games involving spatial skills helped eliminate the gender gap in those skills. The document argues that societal expectations and pressures influence perceived gender differences more than biological factors.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Nature V Nurture in Psychology. By Theresa Lowry-Lehnen. Lecturer of Psychology
The nature vs nurture debate in psychology concerns the extent to which behavior and psychological characteristics are influenced by genetic/biological factors (nature) vs environmental factors (nurture). The document discusses several examples of this debate, including theories that anorexia may have genetic influences but is also linked to sociocultural pressures of beauty ideals, and that while some research has found genetic links for traits like intelligence, environment also plays a role. In recent years, most recognize that nature and nurture interact in complex ways and it is difficult to separate their influences numerically.
Gender Development
This document discusses gender development from biological and social perspectives. It defines sex as biologically determined sexual anatomy, while gender is culturally determined and refers to one's sense of masculinity or femininity. Gender identity develops through childhood as children learn appropriate gender roles and schemas. Theories discussed include Freud's psychosexual stages, Kohlberg's cognitive gender theory, and Bem's sex-role inventory. Conditions like Klinefelter syndrome and complete androgen insensitivity syndrome are also examined in relation to gender development. The document analyzes how gender stereotypes form and influence relationships and privileges.
Theories of Gender Typing
The document discusses four major theories of gender typing: psychoanalytic theory, social learning theory, cognitive development theory, and gender schema theory. Psychoanalytic theory proposed by Freud suggests that gender typing results from the psychosexual stages of development. Social learning theory emphasizes that children learn gender roles through reinforcement and modeling of same-gender parents and peers. Cognitive development theory such as Kohlberg's suggests children actively work to understand gender concepts and construct their own gender identity. Gender schema theory proposes that children form mental frameworks for processing information based on their gender.
The influence of heredity and environment on intelligence
This slide is made by Amit (facebook.com/titanium009) for his class presentation..Sorry fellows and fellas some fonts are not working and creating malfunction... :(...Check fonts from dafont.com and make an awesome slide.. Drop me a mail if you want the exact presentation file (titanium009@gmail.com)
Nature vs nurture Debate
APHI 111 - The Nature vs Nurture Slides shown in class - as part of the overall theme of "Images of Man"
Gender roles
This document discusses factors that influence gender identity development in children, including innate gender stability and consistency, as well as external social and environmental influences from parents, society/culture, and media. It also addresses how children learn gender stereotyped behaviors and same sex activities from playmates as they develop their own gender identity.
Development of gender roles
This document discusses several theories around the development of gender roles in children. According to psychoanalytic theory, boys and girls develop gender identities through the Oedipus and Electra complexes. Behavioral and social learning theories posit that children learn gender appropriate behaviors through reinforcement. Cognitive learning theory outlines stages of gender identity development from ages 2 to 5+. The document also explores the influences that shape gender roles, how roles may change through adolescence, and observable behaviors that could indicate changes in gender identity.
Gender In Paranormal Investigation B
The document summarizes a study on gender differences in paranormal investigation. It finds that more women than men participate in paranormal investigation. There are observed biological, sociocultural, and behavioral differences between how men and women approach paranormal investigation. For example, women are more likely to rely on both electronic evidence and human intuition, while men tend to rely more on electronic evidence. The study has limitations due to its small sample size but provides insights into how gender may influence paranormal investigation techniques and interpretations.
Recommended
Nature V Nurture in Psychology. By Theresa Lowry-Lehnen. Lecturer of Psychology
The nature vs nurture debate in psychology concerns the extent to which behavior and psychological characteristics are influenced by genetic/biological factors (nature) vs environmental factors (nurture). The document discusses several examples of this debate, including theories that anorexia may have genetic influences but is also linked to sociocultural pressures of beauty ideals, and that while some research has found genetic links for traits like intelligence, environment also plays a role. In recent years, most recognize that nature and nurture interact in complex ways and it is difficult to separate their influences numerically.
Gender Development
This document discusses gender development from biological and social perspectives. It defines sex as biologically determined sexual anatomy, while gender is culturally determined and refers to one's sense of masculinity or femininity. Gender identity develops through childhood as children learn appropriate gender roles and schemas. Theories discussed include Freud's psychosexual stages, Kohlberg's cognitive gender theory, and Bem's sex-role inventory. Conditions like Klinefelter syndrome and complete androgen insensitivity syndrome are also examined in relation to gender development. The document analyzes how gender stereotypes form and influence relationships and privileges.
Theories of Gender Typing
The document discusses four major theories of gender typing: psychoanalytic theory, social learning theory, cognitive development theory, and gender schema theory. Psychoanalytic theory proposed by Freud suggests that gender typing results from the psychosexual stages of development. Social learning theory emphasizes that children learn gender roles through reinforcement and modeling of same-gender parents and peers. Cognitive development theory such as Kohlberg's suggests children actively work to understand gender concepts and construct their own gender identity. Gender schema theory proposes that children form mental frameworks for processing information based on their gender.
The influence of heredity and environment on intelligence
This slide is made by Amit (facebook.com/titanium009) for his class presentation..Sorry fellows and fellas some fonts are not working and creating malfunction... :(...Check fonts from dafont.com and make an awesome slide.. Drop me a mail if you want the exact presentation file (titanium009@gmail.com)
Nature vs nurture Debate
APHI 111 - The Nature vs Nurture Slides shown in class - as part of the overall theme of "Images of Man"
Gender roles
This document discusses factors that influence gender identity development in children, including innate gender stability and consistency, as well as external social and environmental influences from parents, society/culture, and media. It also addresses how children learn gender stereotyped behaviors and same sex activities from playmates as they develop their own gender identity.
Development of gender roles
This document discusses several theories around the development of gender roles in children. According to psychoanalytic theory, boys and girls develop gender identities through the Oedipus and Electra complexes. Behavioral and social learning theories posit that children learn gender appropriate behaviors through reinforcement. Cognitive learning theory outlines stages of gender identity development from ages 2 to 5+. The document also explores the influences that shape gender roles, how roles may change through adolescence, and observable behaviors that could indicate changes in gender identity.
Gender In Paranormal Investigation B
The document summarizes a study on gender differences in paranormal investigation. It finds that more women than men participate in paranormal investigation. There are observed biological, sociocultural, and behavioral differences between how men and women approach paranormal investigation. For example, women are more likely to rely on both electronic evidence and human intuition, while men tend to rely more on electronic evidence. The study has limitations due to its small sample size but provides insights into how gender may influence paranormal investigation techniques and interpretations.
CH 4 Nature Nurture
This document summarizes key chapters from a psychology textbook on nature, nurture, and human diversity. It discusses how behavior genetics studies twins and adoptions to determine the effects of heredity and environment on individual differences. Other topics covered include the influence of parents and peers, cultural variations across groups and over time, evolutionary psychology perspectives on human traits and sexuality, and gender development influences from nature and nurture.
Nature vs nurture
This document discusses the nature vs nurture debate regarding human behavior. It provides examples that support both nature and nurture influences. For nature, it discusses genetic influences on behaviors and conditions like language acquisition and schizophrenia. For nurture, it discusses studies showing environmental influences like Little Albert's learned fear response and the Stanford Prison Experiment. It also notes that behavior is often an interaction between innate traits and environmental responses, and provides applications of considering both nature and nurture in developing drug therapies or adapting environments.
Psychology of gender
This document discusses theories of gender development from biological, psychodynamic, social learning, cognitive developmental, and social cognitive perspectives. It outlines factors that influence gender development such as genes, hormones, parental socialization, peers, culture and experiences. Key aspects of gender development include gender identity formation between ages 3-7 when children understand gender as an invariant concept, and sexual orientation development typically by age 8. Theories attempt to explain how biological predispositions interact with environmental and social influences to shape gendered behaviors and perceptions from childhood through adolescence.
Theories of gender
There are four main theories of gender: psychoanalytic theory, which focuses on unconscious desires and sexuality; social learning theory, which emphasizes learning gender roles through observation and modeling; cognitive development theory, which looks at how children's thinking shapes their understanding of gender; and gender schema theory, which proposes that children learn gender norms from their culture and adjust their behavior accordingly.
Cognitivist Approach on Gender
It is a comprehensive work on Gender from cognitivist point of view. The paper paper describes the concept and meaning of gender, gender identity, gender role, cognitive approach, theories on gender-cognitive theory, Social cognitive theory, gender schema theory. Besides these, it also consists of educational implication. This is a collaborative work of G. Ghaus, J.Alam, A.Husain, B.Shameem and S.Alam. All are students of M.Ed. (2015-17) Department of Educational Studies, Jmaia MIllia Islamia, New Delhi. This paper will help students as well as teacher to understand the gender from the perspective of cognitive psychology.
chapter 16 - social psychology
This document discusses several key concepts in social psychology including attribution theory, the fundamental attribution error, cognitive dissonance, conformity, obedience, and prejudice. It provides examples of studies such as Milgram's obedience experiment and Asch's conformity studies. It explains how attribution theory suggests we explain others' behaviors based on their disposition or the situation. The fundamental attribution error is over-attributing behaviors to dispositions rather than situations. Cognitive dissonance theory posits that inconsistent attitudes and behaviors create tension, leading attitudes to change to align with behaviors. Conformity and obedience experiments show people conform to group norms and obey authority figures. Prejudice involves unjustified negative attitudes towards social groups.
Gender: Social influences on gender role A2
Social factors can strongly influence gender development according to social cognitive theory. Children learn gender roles and behaviors through social modeling, reinforcement, and instruction from parents, peers, and media. Research provides support, such as studies finding that children are more likely to emulate behaviors they observe being rewarded or instructed. However, the social approach has also received criticism, like the possibility that peers may simply reinforce existing stereotypes rather than create them. Evaluation of different social influences, such as potential gender biases in parental reinforcement, is still ongoing.
Ap psychology nature_vs_nurture
The document discusses the influences of nature (genes) and nurture (environment) on human behavior. It explores topics like evolutionary psychology, behavior genetics, twin studies, and the role of parents, peers, culture and gender in development. While genes provide a biological blueprint, the environment also shapes the mind and behavior through prenatal influences, parenting, culture, and gender socialization from a young age. Both nature and nurture likely interact in complex ways to influence who we become.
Nature, nurture and personality
This document discusses personality traits and theories. It explains that personality is influenced by both nature and nurture. There is no single gene that determines traits, rather it is a complex interplay of genes, environment, and experiences. It then describes trait theory and the Big Five model of personality - extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to experience. Each trait is defined by positive and negative characteristics. Personality comprises traits, motives, thoughts, self-concept, and feelings, while traits refer specifically to consistent behaviors. The document provides examples and assigns a performance task roleplaying the five factor model, before listing additional personality assessments for further research.
Gender identities
This document discusses gender identities and how they are socially constructed through various agents of socialization. It addresses the concepts of sex versus gender and outlines different types of femininities and masculinities. Several agents that influence gender socialization are explored, including family, media, peers, education, religion, and workplace. Learners are provided discussion questions and activities to better understand how gender identities develop and are reinforced through these socializing institutions.
Androgyny powerpoint (psychology)
1. Psychological androgyny refers to the coexistence of both masculine and feminine characteristics in an individual.
2. The state of androgyny flourished in the 1970s-1980s during a period of dramatic developments in gender equality and advancement of gay rights.
3. Bem's androgyny hypothesis claimed that androgynous individuals were psychologically healthier than sex-typed individuals, though later studies found that individuals with more masculine traits were better adjusted.
Gender and Development
1. The document discusses theories of gender development including social learning theory, developmental theory, and gender schema theory.
2. It describes gender stereotyping as simplistic generalizations about gender attributes and roles, and some problems that can arise from stereotyping.
3. The document advocates for gender equality and empowering women as central to human development and economic growth. It discusses how unequal power dynamics between men and women have historically disadvantaged women.
Gender role stereotyping
Gender role stereotyping occurs when a person is expected to behave in a certain way based on their sex. Gender is a social construct, and many societies expect males to behave masculinely and females to behave less masculinely. Stereotypes in schools can limit what students can learn by expecting certain behaviors from them based on gender. The male and female brains differ in areas like processing, chemistry, structure and activity levels. Gender stereotyping affects both men and women by influencing behaviors and judgments of those who conform and do not conform to stereotypical roles. Social theories like social role theory and role congruity theory help explain how expectations based on gender roles lead to stereotyping.
ch 11 intelligence
This document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 11 on intelligence from the 9th edition of the psychology textbook by David Myers. It discusses theories of intelligence, including the idea of general intelligence versus multiple intelligences. It covers topics like emotional intelligence, how intelligence is assessed through testing, the genetics and environment influences on intelligence, and differences in intelligence scores between demographic groups. The document uses bullet points and headings to structure the information presented across 46 slides.
Institutionalisation
Children who grow up in institutions like orphanages can experience negative effects due to a lack of stable caregiving relationships. This is called institutionalization. Studies have found that children who spend more time in institutions are more likely to have disorganized attachments and problems with social and emotional development. However, children who are adopted into caring family environments before age 6 can often recover and form healthy attachments, though their social skills may still lag behind children who were never institutionalized.
GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT
This document discusses gender and development. It defines sex as a biological characteristic and gender as a social construct that is learned through socialization. Gender socialization is the process by which social norms and expectations related to gender are learned. Key agents of socialization discussed are family, church, media, and school. The document provides examples of gender stereotypes promoted through each of these agents. It emphasizes the importance of gender-fair education that avoids bias and allows all students to reach their full potential.
Gender and Development
This document discusses theories of gender development and gender inequality. It outlines three main theories of gender development: social learning theory, which posits that parents reinforce gender roles; cognitive-developmental theory, which describes stages of acquiring gender roles from birth through adolescence; and gender schema theory, which involves learning gender identity through mental frameworks. The document also discusses gender as a social construct versus sex as biological, gender stereotyping and ideologies like traditional and egalitarian views. It frames gender inequality as rooted in how societies are organized and the unequal distribution of power between men and women.
Nature nurture powerpoint
This document discusses the nature vs nurture debate regarding the origins of human behavior. It aims to understand the debate, describe studies supporting each side, identify relevant approaches, and evaluate the debate. The key points covered include: behavior being determined by genetics (nature) or environment (nurture); studies supporting nature like twin and adoption studies; studies supporting nurture like Little Albert and the Stanford Prison Experiment; and that behavior is often best explained by an interaction between the two.
Gender and development
This document discusses gender development and inequality. It introduces gender as a social construct defining roles for men and women, as opposed to sex which is biological. It then outlines three theories of gender development - social learning theory, cognitive developmental theory, and gender schema theory. It defines gender stereotyping as beliefs about male and female characteristics. Gender equality is described as equal entitlements and opportunities for human development. Four themes of gender inequality are presented: men and women are situated unequally in society due to social organization rather than biology; no significant biological differences distinguish sexes; and inequality could be reduced with more egalitarian social structures. Gender refers to differing roles and power between men and women in society, with men generally holding more status, experience
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages to locating manufacturing
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages to locating manufacturing, assembly, or distribution facilities in countries with relatively low wages.
Learning Objectives
After completing this chapter, you should be able to:
Outline the biological and cognitive contributions in the emergence of gender identity.
Describe the effect of various social in�luences on gender development.
Account for gender differences in physical activity and play in childhood and
adolescence.
Compare and contrast school achievement and learning among males and females.
Discuss the physical and psychological consequences of puberty.
12Gender and Sexuality
iStock/Thinkstock
Evaluate demographic differences in sexual activity among adolescents; explain the
consequences of teenage pregnancy.
Explain how romantic relationships and sexual orientation contribute to identity
formation.
Detail the changes in sexuality that occur during adulthood.
Explain how research has helped identify important elements of romantic relationships.
Prologue
Bruce Jenner won the gold medal in the 1976 Olympic decathlon, and with it he attained the title of
“World’s Greatest Athlete.” Four decades later, in 2015, Jenner surprisingly disclosed lifelong struggles
with gender identity, and at age 66, the desire to transition to a woman. Initial Hollywood sensationalism
of the story shifted to Caitlyn Jenner becoming the face of the transgendered community, speaking
poignantly, and perhaps unexpectedly, to those younger than she who struggle on an everyday basis with
their sexual identity. Sexuality, a broad term that can refer to a capacity for sexual attraction and interest,
gender identity, or sexual orientation, has been spotlighted like perhaps no other time in our history.
Other stories have led to renewed discussion about sex and gender in society. Sasha Laxton from Great
Britain, Storm Stocker from Toronto, Canada, and Pop from Sweden have all made headlines as their
parents were determined to raise them without regard to gender. The children’s rooms were painted in
neutral colors; hairstyles, Halloween costumes, and clothing were chosen without perceived regard for
gender standards; exposure to toys and other activities were not limited by what was considered
“normal” for a boy or a girl. As much as their parents tried, however, it is virtually impossible to remove
all traces of gender from society, which would include limiting exposure to media, avoiding certain store
shelves, and restricting access to preschool and other social activities. Further, it is apparent that biology
pulls in its own direction, regardless of how we try to promote neutrality.
For most of us, sex and gender are inescapably connected. It is extremely rare for a person to be born
with undifferentiated sex organs. Even when someone is born with ambiguous genitalia, they still
generally have either XX or XY genes. Biological sex is therefore not particularly variable. By contrast,
regardless of biol ...
Delusions of gender, Delusions of difference
This document summarizes a book that argues male and female traits are more socially conditioned than innate.
The book asserts that differences seen between men and women are often the result of gender biases in society rather than hardwired biological differences. It notes that the human mind is shaped by environment and culture, not inherently male or female.
If gender traits are conditioned rather than innate, then the current situation of women relative to men is open to change. The book aims to debunk common beliefs, such as that boys are naturally better at math/science or that women have superior intuition. It argues these differences often reflect social expectations rather than biological realities.
Understanding Gender Differences
The document defines key terms related to gender: sex refers to biological categories of male and female, gender refers to culturally constructed distinctions between femininity and masculinity, gender stereotypes are widely held beliefs about abilities and traits, and gender differences are actual disparities between the sexes. Research supports cognitive differences like females performing better at verbal tests and males at math/visual-spatial tests. Research also supports behavioral differences like males being more aggressive and females being more sensitive to cues and susceptible to persuasion. The document discusses how children learn gender roles through processes like operant conditioning, observational learning, and self-socialization. Parents, schools, and media influence children to follow traditional gender roles.
More Related Content
What's hot
CH 4 Nature Nurture
This document summarizes key chapters from a psychology textbook on nature, nurture, and human diversity. It discusses how behavior genetics studies twins and adoptions to determine the effects of heredity and environment on individual differences. Other topics covered include the influence of parents and peers, cultural variations across groups and over time, evolutionary psychology perspectives on human traits and sexuality, and gender development influences from nature and nurture.
Nature vs nurture
This document discusses the nature vs nurture debate regarding human behavior. It provides examples that support both nature and nurture influences. For nature, it discusses genetic influences on behaviors and conditions like language acquisition and schizophrenia. For nurture, it discusses studies showing environmental influences like Little Albert's learned fear response and the Stanford Prison Experiment. It also notes that behavior is often an interaction between innate traits and environmental responses, and provides applications of considering both nature and nurture in developing drug therapies or adapting environments.
Psychology of gender
This document discusses theories of gender development from biological, psychodynamic, social learning, cognitive developmental, and social cognitive perspectives. It outlines factors that influence gender development such as genes, hormones, parental socialization, peers, culture and experiences. Key aspects of gender development include gender identity formation between ages 3-7 when children understand gender as an invariant concept, and sexual orientation development typically by age 8. Theories attempt to explain how biological predispositions interact with environmental and social influences to shape gendered behaviors and perceptions from childhood through adolescence.
Theories of gender
There are four main theories of gender: psychoanalytic theory, which focuses on unconscious desires and sexuality; social learning theory, which emphasizes learning gender roles through observation and modeling; cognitive development theory, which looks at how children's thinking shapes their understanding of gender; and gender schema theory, which proposes that children learn gender norms from their culture and adjust their behavior accordingly.
Cognitivist Approach on Gender
It is a comprehensive work on Gender from cognitivist point of view. The paper paper describes the concept and meaning of gender, gender identity, gender role, cognitive approach, theories on gender-cognitive theory, Social cognitive theory, gender schema theory. Besides these, it also consists of educational implication. This is a collaborative work of G. Ghaus, J.Alam, A.Husain, B.Shameem and S.Alam. All are students of M.Ed. (2015-17) Department of Educational Studies, Jmaia MIllia Islamia, New Delhi. This paper will help students as well as teacher to understand the gender from the perspective of cognitive psychology.
chapter 16 - social psychology
This document discusses several key concepts in social psychology including attribution theory, the fundamental attribution error, cognitive dissonance, conformity, obedience, and prejudice. It provides examples of studies such as Milgram's obedience experiment and Asch's conformity studies. It explains how attribution theory suggests we explain others' behaviors based on their disposition or the situation. The fundamental attribution error is over-attributing behaviors to dispositions rather than situations. Cognitive dissonance theory posits that inconsistent attitudes and behaviors create tension, leading attitudes to change to align with behaviors. Conformity and obedience experiments show people conform to group norms and obey authority figures. Prejudice involves unjustified negative attitudes towards social groups.
Gender: Social influences on gender role A2
Social factors can strongly influence gender development according to social cognitive theory. Children learn gender roles and behaviors through social modeling, reinforcement, and instruction from parents, peers, and media. Research provides support, such as studies finding that children are more likely to emulate behaviors they observe being rewarded or instructed. However, the social approach has also received criticism, like the possibility that peers may simply reinforce existing stereotypes rather than create them. Evaluation of different social influences, such as potential gender biases in parental reinforcement, is still ongoing.
Ap psychology nature_vs_nurture
The document discusses the influences of nature (genes) and nurture (environment) on human behavior. It explores topics like evolutionary psychology, behavior genetics, twin studies, and the role of parents, peers, culture and gender in development. While genes provide a biological blueprint, the environment also shapes the mind and behavior through prenatal influences, parenting, culture, and gender socialization from a young age. Both nature and nurture likely interact in complex ways to influence who we become.
Nature, nurture and personality
This document discusses personality traits and theories. It explains that personality is influenced by both nature and nurture. There is no single gene that determines traits, rather it is a complex interplay of genes, environment, and experiences. It then describes trait theory and the Big Five model of personality - extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to experience. Each trait is defined by positive and negative characteristics. Personality comprises traits, motives, thoughts, self-concept, and feelings, while traits refer specifically to consistent behaviors. The document provides examples and assigns a performance task roleplaying the five factor model, before listing additional personality assessments for further research.
Gender identities
This document discusses gender identities and how they are socially constructed through various agents of socialization. It addresses the concepts of sex versus gender and outlines different types of femininities and masculinities. Several agents that influence gender socialization are explored, including family, media, peers, education, religion, and workplace. Learners are provided discussion questions and activities to better understand how gender identities develop and are reinforced through these socializing institutions.
Androgyny powerpoint (psychology)
1. Psychological androgyny refers to the coexistence of both masculine and feminine characteristics in an individual.
2. The state of androgyny flourished in the 1970s-1980s during a period of dramatic developments in gender equality and advancement of gay rights.
3. Bem's androgyny hypothesis claimed that androgynous individuals were psychologically healthier than sex-typed individuals, though later studies found that individuals with more masculine traits were better adjusted.
Gender and Development
1. The document discusses theories of gender development including social learning theory, developmental theory, and gender schema theory.
2. It describes gender stereotyping as simplistic generalizations about gender attributes and roles, and some problems that can arise from stereotyping.
3. The document advocates for gender equality and empowering women as central to human development and economic growth. It discusses how unequal power dynamics between men and women have historically disadvantaged women.
Gender role stereotyping
Gender role stereotyping occurs when a person is expected to behave in a certain way based on their sex. Gender is a social construct, and many societies expect males to behave masculinely and females to behave less masculinely. Stereotypes in schools can limit what students can learn by expecting certain behaviors from them based on gender. The male and female brains differ in areas like processing, chemistry, structure and activity levels. Gender stereotyping affects both men and women by influencing behaviors and judgments of those who conform and do not conform to stereotypical roles. Social theories like social role theory and role congruity theory help explain how expectations based on gender roles lead to stereotyping.
ch 11 intelligence
This document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 11 on intelligence from the 9th edition of the psychology textbook by David Myers. It discusses theories of intelligence, including the idea of general intelligence versus multiple intelligences. It covers topics like emotional intelligence, how intelligence is assessed through testing, the genetics and environment influences on intelligence, and differences in intelligence scores between demographic groups. The document uses bullet points and headings to structure the information presented across 46 slides.
Institutionalisation
Children who grow up in institutions like orphanages can experience negative effects due to a lack of stable caregiving relationships. This is called institutionalization. Studies have found that children who spend more time in institutions are more likely to have disorganized attachments and problems with social and emotional development. However, children who are adopted into caring family environments before age 6 can often recover and form healthy attachments, though their social skills may still lag behind children who were never institutionalized.
GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT
This document discusses gender and development. It defines sex as a biological characteristic and gender as a social construct that is learned through socialization. Gender socialization is the process by which social norms and expectations related to gender are learned. Key agents of socialization discussed are family, church, media, and school. The document provides examples of gender stereotypes promoted through each of these agents. It emphasizes the importance of gender-fair education that avoids bias and allows all students to reach their full potential.
Gender and Development
This document discusses theories of gender development and gender inequality. It outlines three main theories of gender development: social learning theory, which posits that parents reinforce gender roles; cognitive-developmental theory, which describes stages of acquiring gender roles from birth through adolescence; and gender schema theory, which involves learning gender identity through mental frameworks. The document also discusses gender as a social construct versus sex as biological, gender stereotyping and ideologies like traditional and egalitarian views. It frames gender inequality as rooted in how societies are organized and the unequal distribution of power between men and women.
Nature nurture powerpoint
This document discusses the nature vs nurture debate regarding the origins of human behavior. It aims to understand the debate, describe studies supporting each side, identify relevant approaches, and evaluate the debate. The key points covered include: behavior being determined by genetics (nature) or environment (nurture); studies supporting nature like twin and adoption studies; studies supporting nurture like Little Albert and the Stanford Prison Experiment; and that behavior is often best explained by an interaction between the two.
Gender and development
This document discusses gender development and inequality. It introduces gender as a social construct defining roles for men and women, as opposed to sex which is biological. It then outlines three theories of gender development - social learning theory, cognitive developmental theory, and gender schema theory. It defines gender stereotyping as beliefs about male and female characteristics. Gender equality is described as equal entitlements and opportunities for human development. Four themes of gender inequality are presented: men and women are situated unequally in society due to social organization rather than biology; no significant biological differences distinguish sexes; and inequality could be reduced with more egalitarian social structures. Gender refers to differing roles and power between men and women in society, with men generally holding more status, experience
What's hot (19)
Similar to Neurosexism with Social Learning Theory
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages to locating manufacturing
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages to locating manufacturing, assembly, or distribution facilities in countries with relatively low wages.
Learning Objectives
After completing this chapter, you should be able to:
Outline the biological and cognitive contributions in the emergence of gender identity.
Describe the effect of various social in�luences on gender development.
Account for gender differences in physical activity and play in childhood and
adolescence.
Compare and contrast school achievement and learning among males and females.
Discuss the physical and psychological consequences of puberty.
12Gender and Sexuality
iStock/Thinkstock
Evaluate demographic differences in sexual activity among adolescents; explain the
consequences of teenage pregnancy.
Explain how romantic relationships and sexual orientation contribute to identity
formation.
Detail the changes in sexuality that occur during adulthood.
Explain how research has helped identify important elements of romantic relationships.
Prologue
Bruce Jenner won the gold medal in the 1976 Olympic decathlon, and with it he attained the title of
“World’s Greatest Athlete.” Four decades later, in 2015, Jenner surprisingly disclosed lifelong struggles
with gender identity, and at age 66, the desire to transition to a woman. Initial Hollywood sensationalism
of the story shifted to Caitlyn Jenner becoming the face of the transgendered community, speaking
poignantly, and perhaps unexpectedly, to those younger than she who struggle on an everyday basis with
their sexual identity. Sexuality, a broad term that can refer to a capacity for sexual attraction and interest,
gender identity, or sexual orientation, has been spotlighted like perhaps no other time in our history.
Other stories have led to renewed discussion about sex and gender in society. Sasha Laxton from Great
Britain, Storm Stocker from Toronto, Canada, and Pop from Sweden have all made headlines as their
parents were determined to raise them without regard to gender. The children’s rooms were painted in
neutral colors; hairstyles, Halloween costumes, and clothing were chosen without perceived regard for
gender standards; exposure to toys and other activities were not limited by what was considered
“normal” for a boy or a girl. As much as their parents tried, however, it is virtually impossible to remove
all traces of gender from society, which would include limiting exposure to media, avoiding certain store
shelves, and restricting access to preschool and other social activities. Further, it is apparent that biology
pulls in its own direction, regardless of how we try to promote neutrality.
For most of us, sex and gender are inescapably connected. It is extremely rare for a person to be born
with undifferentiated sex organs. Even when someone is born with ambiguous genitalia, they still
generally have either XX or XY genes. Biological sex is therefore not particularly variable. By contrast,
regardless of biol ...
Delusions of gender, Delusions of difference
This document summarizes a book that argues male and female traits are more socially conditioned than innate.
The book asserts that differences seen between men and women are often the result of gender biases in society rather than hardwired biological differences. It notes that the human mind is shaped by environment and culture, not inherently male or female.
If gender traits are conditioned rather than innate, then the current situation of women relative to men is open to change. The book aims to debunk common beliefs, such as that boys are naturally better at math/science or that women have superior intuition. It argues these differences often reflect social expectations rather than biological realities.
Understanding Gender Differences
The document defines key terms related to gender: sex refers to biological categories of male and female, gender refers to culturally constructed distinctions between femininity and masculinity, gender stereotypes are widely held beliefs about abilities and traits, and gender differences are actual disparities between the sexes. Research supports cognitive differences like females performing better at verbal tests and males at math/visual-spatial tests. Research also supports behavioral differences like males being more aggressive and females being more sensitive to cues and susceptible to persuasion. The document discusses how children learn gender roles through processes like operant conditioning, observational learning, and self-socialization. Parents, schools, and media influence children to follow traditional gender roles.
Cognitive Interviews
Cognitive enhancement therapy is a promising integrative intervention for people with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia affects about 1% of the population and causes significant disabilities. Previous cognitive remediation approaches have focused on computerized programs to improve cognitive skills like attention and memory. However, a more comprehensive approach using cognitive enhancement therapy could help improve functional outcomes by addressing cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia. The therapy aims to enhance neuroplasticity and cognitive skills through an individualized combination of computerized training and real-world skills practice.
Gender
Gender refers to the psychological sense of maleness or femaleness related to one's culture or society, whereas sex refers to biological attributes. Gender development involves learning gender roles and stereotypes from a young age through socialization. Gender identity forms between ages 2-3 and involves identifying as male or female, while gender constancy develops at ages 6-7 with the understanding that gender is permanent. Gender stereotyping can be positive or negative, but is inherently harmful as it reduces individuals to narrow roles and leads to making assumptions about people based on their gender.
Theories Of Juvenile Delinquency
The document discusses several theories of juvenile delinquency, including strain theory, social learning theory, control theory, labeling theory, and life course theory. It provides definitions and explanations of each theory, comparing them and analyzing which may be most applicable to juvenile delinquency. Strain theory involves an individual's inability to achieve culturally prescribed goals or experiencing negative stimuli, which can increase the likelihood of criminal behavior.
Perceptions
The document discusses how perceptions differ between individuals due to subjective experiences and the selective and creative nature of perception. It explains that culture, gender roles, and co-cultures all influence perceptions. Perceptions are shaped by one's unique experiences and background as well as social and cultural influences.
14Gender and SexualitySeverin SchweigerCulturaGetty Imag.docx
14Gender and Sexuality
Severin Schweiger/Cultura/Getty Images
Learning Objectives
After completing this module, you should be able to:
ሁ Outline the biological, social, and cognitive explanations for the emergence of gender identity.
ሁ Form evidence-based arguments on gender differences in development.
ሁ Summarize the developmental imperative of physical activity for boys and girls during childhood.
ሁ Compare and contrast school achievement and learning between boys and girls.
ሁ Describe differences and similarities among heterosexual girls, heterosexual boys, and LGBT
adolescents with regard to romantic relationships and identity formation.
ሁ Discuss the psychological effects of puberty.
ሁ Evaluate ethnic and national differences in sexual activity among adolescents; explain the
consequences of teenage pregnancy.
ሁ Identify different health outcomes of sex during adolescence, including categorizing STIs and the
effects of HIV among infected children worldwide.
Section 14.1The Development of Gender
Prologue
Recent stories have led to renewed discussion about sex and gender in society. Sasha Lax-
ton from Great Britain; Storm Stocker from Toronto, Canada; and Pop from Sweden have all
made headlines as their parents were determined to raise them without regard to gender. The
children’s rooms were painted in neutral colors; hairstyles, Halloween costumes, and cloth-
ing were chosen without perceived regard for gender standards; exposure to toys and other
activities were not limited by what was considered “normal” for a boy or a girl.
As a result, there has been considerable debate among parents, academics, and the media
about the potential detriment—and benefit—if children are not aware of how they are “sup-
posed” to behave. However, these families are also quite outside the mainstream. It takes
tremendous effort to rid a child of messages related to gender, including limiting exposure
to media, avoiding certain store shelves, and restricting access to preschool and other social
activities.
For most children, though, sex and gender are inescapably connected. It is extremely rare for
a child to be born with undifferentiated sex organs. Even so, those children still generally have
either XX or XY genes. Biological sex is therefore not particularly variable. By contrast, regard-
less of biological sex, gender is much more continuous. Some children are drawn quite strongly
to the behaviors and activities of one gender over another, whereas other children engage
freely in more varied activities. This module explores these issues, as well as concerns related
to adolescent sex and romantic relationships and their developmental consequences.
14.1 The Development of Gender
Recall the many different factors involved in the development of the self and the formation
of gender identity (see Module 12). Gender is a key component in the development of the
self. In psychology, gender refers to the meanings societies and ...
Gender Tutorial
This tutorial should be completed by ARC students enrolled in my online Psyc 300 class at American River College and corresponds with Module C Lesson 2.
Similar to Neurosexism with Social Learning Theory (9)
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages to locating manufacturing
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages to locating manufacturing
14Gender and SexualitySeverin SchweigerCulturaGetty Imag.docx
14Gender and SexualitySeverin SchweigerCulturaGetty Imag.docx
Recently uploaded
Cytokines and their role in immune regulation.pptx
This presentation covers the content and information on "Cytokines " and their role in immune regulation .
Bob Reedy - Nitrate in Texas Groundwater.pdf
Presented at June 6-7 Texas Alliance of Groundwater Districts Business Meeting
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless ReproducibilityUniversity of Rennes, INSA Rennes, Inria/IRISA, CNRS
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
SAR of Medicinal Chemistry 1st by dk.pdf
In this presentation include the prototype drug SAR on thus or with their examples .
Syllabus of Second Year B. Pharmacy
2019 PATTERN.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE .
Austrian-Slovenian HPC Meeting 2024 – ASHPC24, Seeblickhotel Grundlsee in Austria, 10–13 June 2024
https://ashpc.eu/
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...
The pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys colletei, is known for its viviparous nature, this presents an intriguing case of relatively low fecundity, raising questions about potential compensatory reproductive strategies employed by this species. Our study delves into the examination of fecundity and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) in the Pygmy Halfbeak, D. colletei (Meisner, 2001), an intriguing viviparous fish indigenous to Sarawak, Borneo. We hypothesize that the Pygmy halfbeak, D. colletei, may exhibit unique reproductive adaptations to offset its low fecundity, thus enhancing its survival and fitness. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive study utilizing 28 mature female specimens of D. colletei, carefully measuring fecundity and GSI to shed light on the reproductive adaptations of this species. Our findings reveal that D. colletei indeed exhibits low fecundity, with a mean of 16.76 ± 2.01, and a mean GSI of 12.83 ± 1.27, providing crucial insights into the reproductive mechanisms at play in this species. These results underscore the existence of unique reproductive strategies in D. colletei, enabling its adaptation and persistence in Borneo's diverse aquatic ecosystems, and call for further ecological research to elucidate these mechanisms. This study lends to a better understanding of viviparous fish in Borneo and contributes to the broader field of aquatic ecology, enhancing our knowledge of species adaptations to unique ecological challenges.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
Micronuclei test.M.sc.zoology.fisheries.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
Thornton ESPP slides UK WW Network 4_6_24.pdf
ESPP presentation to EU Waste Water Network, 4th June 2024 “EU policies driving nutrient removal and recycling
and the revised UWWTD (Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive)”
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/Shallowest Oil Discovery of Turkiye.pptx
The Petroleum System of the Çukurova Field - the Shallowest Oil Discovery of Türkiye, Adana
3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
3D Particle-In-Cell (PIC) algorithm,
Plasma expansion in the dipole magnetic field.
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
Recently uploaded (20)
Cytokines and their role in immune regulation.pptx
Cytokines and their role in immune regulation.pptx
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...
aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Neurosexism with Social Learning Theory
- 1. Before we get started… Let’s do an activity Please draw on a piece of paper a what you might find at your local hospital. Sketch a doctor, nurse, and janitor as detailed as possible.
- 2. Possible pictures you may have drawn/imagined…
- 3. The true spectrum of the fields
- 4. What is neurosexism? “Delusions of Gender: How Our Minds, Society, and Neurosexism Create Difference is Cordelia Fine, written to debunk the idea that men and women are hardwired with different interests. The author criticizes claimed evidence of the existence of innate biological differences between men and women's minds, as being faulty and exaggerated, and while taking a position of agnosticism with respect to inherent differences relating to interest/skill in 'understanding the world' versus 'understanding people', reviews literature demonstrating how cultural and societal beliefs contribute to sex differences.”
- 5. What are some of the first expectations for males and females as they grow up?
- 6. Research shows about learning math.. Jonathan M. Kane and Janet E. Mertz of the University of Wisconsin. They analyzed scores from more than half a million fourth-and eighth- graders from more than 60 countries. Their conclusion: There were essentially no gender differences between girls and boys in math performance. In the few instances where a slight difference did occur, Mertz said that it "is not a matter of biology: None of our findings suggest that an innate biological difference between the sexes is the primary reason for a gender gap in math performance.
- 7. And about empathy? When confronted with other people's problems, men and women use essentially the same types of responses. Both men and women largely provide support by giving advice and expressing sympathy. The sexes are remarkably alike in the types of support they provide. The clear conclusion: Gender differences in communication, especially giving support to others, are relatively small in magnitude. Men are fully able to both offer and receive supportive communications. Women have no special "communication" style.
- 8. And about innate hobbies… A group of Canadian scientists observed that young people who played video games that involved tracking had superior mental-rotation skills. Instead of just noting that the males did better than the females, and chalking the difference up to female brains, the team took another step. The low scorers were divided into two groups; one group spent 10 hours playing tracking video games, while the others did not get such training. What happened? The training almost completely eradicated the gender gap in mental-rotation skills. And when the researchers checked back six months later, the group that had received the training had retained their gains.
- 9. A little video for a little thought… https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DEBLGJg5ZD4
- 10. What does this mean? There is a social pressure on males and females to not only conform to a gender identity of male or female (which biology shows a spectrum to sex as well..), but to conform to a specific gender and the traits that coincide.
- 11. She’s such a girl… He’s such a guy Compassionate Abstract Emotional Thoughtful Language-oriented Gossiper Slut Emotional Nuturting Thoughtless Logical Funny Laid back Smart Dominant Unemotional Aggressive Sexual Strong
- 12. Bandura’s Social Learning Theory We learn through interactions with others, by observation and interaction
- 13. Reciprocal determinism… Reciprocal determinism is the idea that behavior is controlled or determined by the individual, through cognitive processes, and by the environment, through external social stimulus events.
- 14. What does this mean for us? EMPOWERMENT! This theory offers a possibility to maintain awareness of the social constructs and pressures that exist within research and within our society!
- 15. We can be more than our assigned sexes and assumed gender – we can be more than JUST men and women!
- 16. So, what do you think? Are we more than just sexes? Or are we born into innate capabilities?
- 17. Works Cited! • http://womensenews.org/story/women-in-science/131212/calling-all- female-brains-stop-the-neurosexism#.VE1ycfldXOE • http://theconversation.com/new-insights-into-gendered-brain-wiring- or-a-perfect-case-study-in-neurosexism-21083 • http://cellularscale.blogspot.com/2012/02/neurosexism-and-delusions- of-gender.html