Network management involves configuring, monitoring, and reconfiguring network components to provide optimal performance, security, and flexibility. It is generally accomplished using a network management system with software to monitor performance and reliability. Common functions of network management include fault management, configuration management, accounting management, performance management, and security management. The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is commonly used for network management communication.
The document discusses network management systems (NMS), including their architecture, components, and protocols. It contains the following key points:
1. An NMS refers to a collection of applications that enable network components to be monitored and controlled. NMS systems use a common architecture based on the OSI network management model, which defines manager, agent, and managed object components as well as information and communication models.
2. Critical components of an NMS include the Structure of Management Information (SMI), which defines rules for naming and encoding managed objects, and the Management Information Base (MIB), which defines a collection of managed objects.
3. The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is a core network management protocol
Managing enterprise networks with cisco prime infrastructure_ 1 of 2Abdullaziz Tagawy
Network Management is define as monitoring, testing, configuring, and troubleshooting network components to meet a set of requirements defined by an organization.
The requirements include the smooth, efficient operation of the network that provides the predefined quality of service for users.
To accomplish this task, a network management system uses hardware, software, and humans.
This document discusses the basics of network management. It covers the key components of network management including network devices, management agents, the management information base (MIB), and managed objects. It also discusses the roles of network managers and agents in communicating via management protocols. Finally, it outlines the layers of network management from network elements to business management based on the TMN model.
Basic Concepts and Types of Network ManagementSorath Asnani
Network management involves monitoring, configuring, and troubleshooting network components to meet organizational requirements. It has five main functions: configuration management, fault management, performance management, security management, and accounting management. Configuration management deals with the status of network entities and their relationships, and includes reconfiguration and documentation of hardware, software, and user accounts. Fault management handles the detection, isolation, correction, and recording of network faults through either reactive or proactive approaches. Performance management monitors network capacity, traffic, throughput, and response time to ensure efficient operation. Security and accounting management control user access and resource usage according to defined policies.
This document provides an overview of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). It describes SNMP's basic components including the SNMP manager, agents, Management Information Base (MIB), and SNMP architecture. The SNMP framework allows network administrators to monitor and control network devices. It uses UDP ports 161 and 162 to communicate between the SNMP manager and agents, which collect device information defined in the MIB.
This document provides an introduction to Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). It discusses the history and development of SNMP, the basic system structure involving SNMP managers, agents, and Management Information Bases (MIBs). It describes how SNMP communications work using MIBs to define objects and their identifiers. It also covers SNMP versions 1, 2c, and 3, and how they handle communications, operations, data types, traps, and security. The document is intended to explain SNMP concepts for readers new to network management.
Java can be used two types of programs: applications & applets.An application is a program that runs on your computer, under the operating system of that computer.
An applets is an application designed to be transmitted over the Internet and executed by a java-compatible Web Browser. An applet is an executable program that runs inside a browser, such as Netscape or Internet Explorer.
This document discusses SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol). It includes:
- An overview of SNMP and its role in network management
- Descriptions of key SNMP components like managed devices, agents, and network management systems
- Explanations of SNMP versions 1, 2, and 3 and their differences in features like security
- Diagrams illustrating SNMP architecture and how it relates to the OSI model
- Details on SNMP operations, message types, and use of UDP ports
The document discusses network management systems (NMS), including their architecture, components, and protocols. It contains the following key points:
1. An NMS refers to a collection of applications that enable network components to be monitored and controlled. NMS systems use a common architecture based on the OSI network management model, which defines manager, agent, and managed object components as well as information and communication models.
2. Critical components of an NMS include the Structure of Management Information (SMI), which defines rules for naming and encoding managed objects, and the Management Information Base (MIB), which defines a collection of managed objects.
3. The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is a core network management protocol
Managing enterprise networks with cisco prime infrastructure_ 1 of 2Abdullaziz Tagawy
Network Management is define as monitoring, testing, configuring, and troubleshooting network components to meet a set of requirements defined by an organization.
The requirements include the smooth, efficient operation of the network that provides the predefined quality of service for users.
To accomplish this task, a network management system uses hardware, software, and humans.
This document discusses the basics of network management. It covers the key components of network management including network devices, management agents, the management information base (MIB), and managed objects. It also discusses the roles of network managers and agents in communicating via management protocols. Finally, it outlines the layers of network management from network elements to business management based on the TMN model.
Basic Concepts and Types of Network ManagementSorath Asnani
Network management involves monitoring, configuring, and troubleshooting network components to meet organizational requirements. It has five main functions: configuration management, fault management, performance management, security management, and accounting management. Configuration management deals with the status of network entities and their relationships, and includes reconfiguration and documentation of hardware, software, and user accounts. Fault management handles the detection, isolation, correction, and recording of network faults through either reactive or proactive approaches. Performance management monitors network capacity, traffic, throughput, and response time to ensure efficient operation. Security and accounting management control user access and resource usage according to defined policies.
This document provides an overview of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). It describes SNMP's basic components including the SNMP manager, agents, Management Information Base (MIB), and SNMP architecture. The SNMP framework allows network administrators to monitor and control network devices. It uses UDP ports 161 and 162 to communicate between the SNMP manager and agents, which collect device information defined in the MIB.
This document provides an introduction to Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). It discusses the history and development of SNMP, the basic system structure involving SNMP managers, agents, and Management Information Bases (MIBs). It describes how SNMP communications work using MIBs to define objects and their identifiers. It also covers SNMP versions 1, 2c, and 3, and how they handle communications, operations, data types, traps, and security. The document is intended to explain SNMP concepts for readers new to network management.
Java can be used two types of programs: applications & applets.An application is a program that runs on your computer, under the operating system of that computer.
An applets is an application designed to be transmitted over the Internet and executed by a java-compatible Web Browser. An applet is an executable program that runs inside a browser, such as Netscape or Internet Explorer.
This document discusses SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol). It includes:
- An overview of SNMP and its role in network management
- Descriptions of key SNMP components like managed devices, agents, and network management systems
- Explanations of SNMP versions 1, 2, and 3 and their differences in features like security
- Diagrams illustrating SNMP architecture and how it relates to the OSI model
- Details on SNMP operations, message types, and use of UDP ports
A honeynet framework to promote enterprise network securityIAEME Publication
This document describes a honeynet framework to promote enterprise network security. The framework consists of two high-interaction honeypot servers connected by a switch to a monitoring station. The honeypots provide real operating systems and services to attract attackers. When an attacker attempts to access a honeypot, its data is captured by a packet sniffer and stored in a database. This data is then sent securely to the monitoring station using web services. The monitoring station analyzes the data, generates an alert report, and provides a GUI to monitor extracted information. The goal is to identify attack traffic and profile attackers to improve network defense.
Asymmetrical Encryption for Wireless Sensor Networks: A Comparative StudyIRJET Journal
This document summarizes and compares different cryptographic techniques for securing wireless sensor networks, specifically focusing on asymmetric (public key) cryptography. It begins with an introduction to wireless sensor networks and common security threats. It then reviews symmetric (secret key) cryptography and asymmetric cryptography. The rest of the document discusses implementations of asymmetric cryptography, including key management techniques, and reviews current and future work applying public key cryptography to wireless sensor networks. The goal is to provide efficient and reliable security for data transmission in wireless sensor networks.
This document discusses different approaches to implementing access control and protection in operating systems, including:
1. Using an access matrix to represent access rights, with domains as rows and objects as columns. This separates the protection mechanism from authorization policy.
2. Capability-based systems provide data and software capabilities to control access to objects and interpret access rights.
3. Language-based protection specifies access policies within a programming language and generates calls to the underlying protection system. For example, Java uses protection domains and stack inspection.
TraceViewer is an application that allows tracing of network elements and subscribers to monitor network quality and troubleshoot problems. It collects trace data from elements and stores it in a database where it can be viewed as reports. Key features of TraceViewer include activating new traces, stopping traces, deleting traces, and viewing trace reports. The architecture involves TraceViewer installing on Linux servers with a GUI accessed via Java WebStart, while background tracing processes activate traces in network elements and collect data.
Current issues - International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications...IJNSA Journal
nternational Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA) is a bi monthly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the computer Network Security & its applications. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of security and its applications for wired and wireless networks. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on understanding Modern security threats and countermeasures, and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
This document discusses evaluating the performance of a DMZ (demilitarized zone) network configuration. It begins with an introduction to DMZs and their purpose of adding an additional layer of network security. It then reviews related work that has evaluated DMZ performance and firewall performance but not specifically DMZ performance. The document aims to explore evaluating DMZ performance using network simulation software. It provides background on common firewall types - packet filtering, stateful inspection, and application-proxy gateways - before discussing ways to test DMZ configurations and analyze the effects on network performance.
This document summarizes a technique for network threat detection and alarming using system statistics and support vector machines. It begins by introducing the importance of network security and common authentication and security mechanisms. It then provides an overview of threat detection systems and their purpose of identifying security incidents and producing reports. The rest of the document details various threat detection techniques, including expert systems, signature analysis, state-transition analysis, statistical analysis, user intention identification, machine learning, and data mining. It focuses on using statistical analysis of system variables like packet types, delay, drop rate, and buffer overflow to identify threat types like blackholes, wormholes, and flooding.
This document summarizes a research paper that classifies different types of networks and discusses their associated security issues. It categorizes networks based on size (LAN, MAN, WAN), design (peer-to-peer, client-server, standalone), layering (layered, non-layered), and provides examples such as Ethernet, Wi-Fi, VPNs. It also discusses common security threats for different network types like viruses, denial of service attacks, and evaluates security measures including encryption, firewalls, access control. The paper aims to provide a comprehensive classification of networks and analyze how security needs vary depending on the network and software development stages.
IRJET- Secure Scheme For Cloud-Based Multimedia Content StorageIRJET Journal
This document proposes a secure scheme for cloud-based multimedia content storage. It has two novel components: (1) a method to create signatures for 3D videos that captures depth signals efficiently, and (2) a distributed matching engine for multimedia objects that achieves high scalability. The system was implemented and deployed on Amazon and private clouds. Experiments on over 11,000 3D videos and 1 million images showed the system accurately detects over 98% of copies, outperforming YouTube's protection system which fails to detect most 3D video copies. The system provides cost-efficient, scalable multimedia content protection leveraging cloud infrastructure.
The document discusses security aspects of distributed systems. It outlines terminology related to distributed databases and security. It then reviews two literature papers. The first proposes using hash functions to test data integrity in distributed systems. The second introduces an approach to security infrastructure without using proxy certificates, simplifying development and use. It concludes the first approach can help evaluate trust in distributed systems and adding a global hash store improves integrity detection.
IRJET-Encryption of Broadcast with DealershipIRJET Journal
1) The document proposes a Broadcast Encryption with Dealership (BED) scheme where a dealer can purchase channels from a broadcaster and resell them to subscribers at a modified price, providing a business opportunity for dealers.
2) The BED scheme uses RSA encryption to securely transmit channels between broadcasters, dealers, and subscribers during the purchasing and transmission of channels.
3) Experimental results show that as the size of channels being encrypted increases, the encryption and decryption times using RSA also increase accordingly.
COMBINING NAIVE BAYES AND DECISION TREE FOR ADAPTIVE INTRUSION DETECTIONIJNSA Journal
In this paper, a new learning algorithm for adaptive network intrusion detection using naive Bayesian classifier and decision tree is presented, which performs balance detections and keeps false positives at acceptable level for different types of network attacks, and eliminates redundant attributes as well as contradictory examples from training data that make the detection model complex. The proposed algorithm also addresses some difficulties of data mining such as handling continuous attribute, dealing with missing attribute values, and reducing noise in training data. Due to the large volumes of security audit data as well as the complex and dynamic properties of intrusion behaviours, several data miningbased intrusion detection techniques have been applied to network-based traffic data and host-based data in the last decades. However, there remain various issues needed to be examined towards current intrusion detection systems (IDS). We tested the performance of our proposed algorithm with existing learning algorithms by employing on the KDD99 benchmark intrusion detection dataset. The experimental results prove that the proposed algorithm achieved high detection rates (DR) and significant reduce false positives (FP) for different types of network intrusions using limited computational resources.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Outstanding to the promotion of the Internet and local networks, interruption occasions to computer
systems are emerging. Intrusion detection systems are becoming progressively vital in retaining
appropriate network safety. IDS is a software or hardware device that deals with attacks by gathering
information from a numerous system and network sources, then evaluating signs of security complexities.
Enterprise networked systems are unsurprisingly unprotected to the growing threats posed by hackers as
well as malicious users inside to a network. IDS technology is one of the significant tools used now-a-days,
to counter such threat. In this research we have proposed framework by using advance feature selection
and dimensionality reduction technique we can reduce IDS data then applying Fuzzy ARTMAP classifier
we can find intrusions so that we get accurate results within less time. Feature selection, as an active
research area in decreasing dimensionality, eliminating unrelated data, developing learning correctness,
and improving result unambiguousness.
IRJET- Coordinates based Keying Scheme for WSN SecurityIRJET Journal
This document presents a conceptual approach for a cryptographic key distribution scheme for wireless sensor networks (WSN) that depends on the physical location of sensor nodes. The proposed scheme is a pre-distributed key scheme where each node calculates an encryption key based on public identifiers stored in its internal memory, such as coordinates from a global positioning system. The document provides background on WSNs and security issues like various types of attacks they face. It also discusses common security mechanisms used in WSNs, including cryptography and different approaches for key distribution schemes.
An effective approach for tackling network security
problems is Intrusion detection systems (IDS). These kind of
systems play a key role in network security as they can detect
different types of attacks in networks, including DoS, U2R Probe
and R2L. In addition, IDS are an increasingly key part of the
system’s defense. Various approaches to IDS are now being used,
but are unfortunately relatively ineffective. Data mining techniques
and artificial intelligence play an important role in security
services. We will present a comparative study of three wellknown
intelligent algorithms in this paper. These are Radial Basis
Functions (RBF), Multilayer Perceptrons (MLP) and Support
Vector Machine (SVM).This work’s main interest is to benchmark
the performance of these3 intelligent algorithms. This is done by
using a dataset of about 9,000 connections, randomly chosen from
KDD'99’s 10% dataset. In addition, we investigate these
algorithms’ performance in terms of their attack classification
accuracy. The Simulation results are also analyzed and the
discussion is then presented. It has been observed that SVM with a
linear kernel (Linear-SVM) gives a better performance than MLP
and RBF in terms of its detection accuracy and processing speed.
This document summarizes an article that investigates security algorithms for WiMAX networks. It begins by describing the architecture of WiMAX networks, including the user terminals, access service network, and connectivity service network. It then discusses vulnerabilities in the WiMAX standard, including issues at the physical layer and weaknesses in authentication and key management protocols. The document reviews some common denial of service attacks on WiMAX, such as attacks using ranging request/response messages. It also summarizes some existing encryption protocols like DES, TDES, RC2, and RC4. Finally, it suggests the need to address denial of service attacks prior to authentication as a way to improve WiMAX security.
This document discusses network monitoring, management, and enhancement using VPN. It introduces the iManager M2000 tool for monitoring networks and describes some key network management reports. These reports contain information on network performance indicators and can help identify issues. The document also discusses using tools and macros to optimize network performance and improve key performance indicators like call setup success rate. Enhancing network monitoring and management using VPN is proposed to further improve efficiency.
Web services basics : What Are Web Services? Types of Web Services Distributed computing infrastructure, overview of XML, SOAP, Building Web Services with JAX-WS, Registering and Discovering Web Services, Service Oriented Architecture, Web Services Development Life Cycle, Developing and consuming simple Web Services across platform
The REST Architectural style : Introducing HTTP, The core architectural elements of a RESTful system, Description and discovery of RESTful web services, Java tools and frameworks for building RESTful web services, JSON message format and tools and frameworks around JSON, Build RESTful web services with JAX-RS APIs, The Description and Discovery of RESTful Web Services, Design guidelines for building RESTful web services, Secure RESTful web services
Developing Service-Oriented Applications with WCF : What Is Windows Communication Foundation, Fundamental Windows Communication Foundation Concepts, Windows Communication Foundation Architecture, WCF and .NET Framework Client Profile, Basic WCF Programming, WCF Feature Details. Web Service QoS
This document summarizes the internship work conducted by Marta de la Cruz Martos at CITSEM within the GRyS group. The internship focused on developing algorithms to analyze energy consumption for smart grids as part of the I3RES project, which aims to integrate renewable energy sources into distributed networks using artificial intelligence. Specifically, the internship involved studying relevant technologies, participating in software component design, developing and implementing algorithms, and preparing reports. The document provides background on distributed systems and databases, describes the work conducted, and presents results and conclusions.
The document discusses the history and development of ATM networks. It explains that ATM networks emerged from standardization activities around Integrated Services Digital Networks (ISDN) in the 1970s. This was driven by the trend toward an all-digital telephone network and the need to support digital connectivity for end users as well as non-voice applications like data and video. The document then provides details on the ATM cell header format and its various fields that are used to identify connections and support different types of traffic and services.
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) was developed to address issues with integrating different types of digital traffic such as voice, video, and data on local area networks. ATM uses fixed-size cells consisting of header and payload to efficiently transport variable bit rate traffic. The ATM architecture includes adaptation layers to segment higher-level data into cells and reassemble cells back into packets or frames. The architecture was refined over time to better support different traffic types through permanent and switched virtual connections.
A honeynet framework to promote enterprise network securityIAEME Publication
This document describes a honeynet framework to promote enterprise network security. The framework consists of two high-interaction honeypot servers connected by a switch to a monitoring station. The honeypots provide real operating systems and services to attract attackers. When an attacker attempts to access a honeypot, its data is captured by a packet sniffer and stored in a database. This data is then sent securely to the monitoring station using web services. The monitoring station analyzes the data, generates an alert report, and provides a GUI to monitor extracted information. The goal is to identify attack traffic and profile attackers to improve network defense.
Asymmetrical Encryption for Wireless Sensor Networks: A Comparative StudyIRJET Journal
This document summarizes and compares different cryptographic techniques for securing wireless sensor networks, specifically focusing on asymmetric (public key) cryptography. It begins with an introduction to wireless sensor networks and common security threats. It then reviews symmetric (secret key) cryptography and asymmetric cryptography. The rest of the document discusses implementations of asymmetric cryptography, including key management techniques, and reviews current and future work applying public key cryptography to wireless sensor networks. The goal is to provide efficient and reliable security for data transmission in wireless sensor networks.
This document discusses different approaches to implementing access control and protection in operating systems, including:
1. Using an access matrix to represent access rights, with domains as rows and objects as columns. This separates the protection mechanism from authorization policy.
2. Capability-based systems provide data and software capabilities to control access to objects and interpret access rights.
3. Language-based protection specifies access policies within a programming language and generates calls to the underlying protection system. For example, Java uses protection domains and stack inspection.
TraceViewer is an application that allows tracing of network elements and subscribers to monitor network quality and troubleshoot problems. It collects trace data from elements and stores it in a database where it can be viewed as reports. Key features of TraceViewer include activating new traces, stopping traces, deleting traces, and viewing trace reports. The architecture involves TraceViewer installing on Linux servers with a GUI accessed via Java WebStart, while background tracing processes activate traces in network elements and collect data.
Current issues - International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications...IJNSA Journal
nternational Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA) is a bi monthly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the computer Network Security & its applications. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of security and its applications for wired and wireless networks. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on understanding Modern security threats and countermeasures, and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
This document discusses evaluating the performance of a DMZ (demilitarized zone) network configuration. It begins with an introduction to DMZs and their purpose of adding an additional layer of network security. It then reviews related work that has evaluated DMZ performance and firewall performance but not specifically DMZ performance. The document aims to explore evaluating DMZ performance using network simulation software. It provides background on common firewall types - packet filtering, stateful inspection, and application-proxy gateways - before discussing ways to test DMZ configurations and analyze the effects on network performance.
This document summarizes a technique for network threat detection and alarming using system statistics and support vector machines. It begins by introducing the importance of network security and common authentication and security mechanisms. It then provides an overview of threat detection systems and their purpose of identifying security incidents and producing reports. The rest of the document details various threat detection techniques, including expert systems, signature analysis, state-transition analysis, statistical analysis, user intention identification, machine learning, and data mining. It focuses on using statistical analysis of system variables like packet types, delay, drop rate, and buffer overflow to identify threat types like blackholes, wormholes, and flooding.
This document summarizes a research paper that classifies different types of networks and discusses their associated security issues. It categorizes networks based on size (LAN, MAN, WAN), design (peer-to-peer, client-server, standalone), layering (layered, non-layered), and provides examples such as Ethernet, Wi-Fi, VPNs. It also discusses common security threats for different network types like viruses, denial of service attacks, and evaluates security measures including encryption, firewalls, access control. The paper aims to provide a comprehensive classification of networks and analyze how security needs vary depending on the network and software development stages.
IRJET- Secure Scheme For Cloud-Based Multimedia Content StorageIRJET Journal
This document proposes a secure scheme for cloud-based multimedia content storage. It has two novel components: (1) a method to create signatures for 3D videos that captures depth signals efficiently, and (2) a distributed matching engine for multimedia objects that achieves high scalability. The system was implemented and deployed on Amazon and private clouds. Experiments on over 11,000 3D videos and 1 million images showed the system accurately detects over 98% of copies, outperforming YouTube's protection system which fails to detect most 3D video copies. The system provides cost-efficient, scalable multimedia content protection leveraging cloud infrastructure.
The document discusses security aspects of distributed systems. It outlines terminology related to distributed databases and security. It then reviews two literature papers. The first proposes using hash functions to test data integrity in distributed systems. The second introduces an approach to security infrastructure without using proxy certificates, simplifying development and use. It concludes the first approach can help evaluate trust in distributed systems and adding a global hash store improves integrity detection.
IRJET-Encryption of Broadcast with DealershipIRJET Journal
1) The document proposes a Broadcast Encryption with Dealership (BED) scheme where a dealer can purchase channels from a broadcaster and resell them to subscribers at a modified price, providing a business opportunity for dealers.
2) The BED scheme uses RSA encryption to securely transmit channels between broadcasters, dealers, and subscribers during the purchasing and transmission of channels.
3) Experimental results show that as the size of channels being encrypted increases, the encryption and decryption times using RSA also increase accordingly.
COMBINING NAIVE BAYES AND DECISION TREE FOR ADAPTIVE INTRUSION DETECTIONIJNSA Journal
In this paper, a new learning algorithm for adaptive network intrusion detection using naive Bayesian classifier and decision tree is presented, which performs balance detections and keeps false positives at acceptable level for different types of network attacks, and eliminates redundant attributes as well as contradictory examples from training data that make the detection model complex. The proposed algorithm also addresses some difficulties of data mining such as handling continuous attribute, dealing with missing attribute values, and reducing noise in training data. Due to the large volumes of security audit data as well as the complex and dynamic properties of intrusion behaviours, several data miningbased intrusion detection techniques have been applied to network-based traffic data and host-based data in the last decades. However, there remain various issues needed to be examined towards current intrusion detection systems (IDS). We tested the performance of our proposed algorithm with existing learning algorithms by employing on the KDD99 benchmark intrusion detection dataset. The experimental results prove that the proposed algorithm achieved high detection rates (DR) and significant reduce false positives (FP) for different types of network intrusions using limited computational resources.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Outstanding to the promotion of the Internet and local networks, interruption occasions to computer
systems are emerging. Intrusion detection systems are becoming progressively vital in retaining
appropriate network safety. IDS is a software or hardware device that deals with attacks by gathering
information from a numerous system and network sources, then evaluating signs of security complexities.
Enterprise networked systems are unsurprisingly unprotected to the growing threats posed by hackers as
well as malicious users inside to a network. IDS technology is one of the significant tools used now-a-days,
to counter such threat. In this research we have proposed framework by using advance feature selection
and dimensionality reduction technique we can reduce IDS data then applying Fuzzy ARTMAP classifier
we can find intrusions so that we get accurate results within less time. Feature selection, as an active
research area in decreasing dimensionality, eliminating unrelated data, developing learning correctness,
and improving result unambiguousness.
IRJET- Coordinates based Keying Scheme for WSN SecurityIRJET Journal
This document presents a conceptual approach for a cryptographic key distribution scheme for wireless sensor networks (WSN) that depends on the physical location of sensor nodes. The proposed scheme is a pre-distributed key scheme where each node calculates an encryption key based on public identifiers stored in its internal memory, such as coordinates from a global positioning system. The document provides background on WSNs and security issues like various types of attacks they face. It also discusses common security mechanisms used in WSNs, including cryptography and different approaches for key distribution schemes.
An effective approach for tackling network security
problems is Intrusion detection systems (IDS). These kind of
systems play a key role in network security as they can detect
different types of attacks in networks, including DoS, U2R Probe
and R2L. In addition, IDS are an increasingly key part of the
system’s defense. Various approaches to IDS are now being used,
but are unfortunately relatively ineffective. Data mining techniques
and artificial intelligence play an important role in security
services. We will present a comparative study of three wellknown
intelligent algorithms in this paper. These are Radial Basis
Functions (RBF), Multilayer Perceptrons (MLP) and Support
Vector Machine (SVM).This work’s main interest is to benchmark
the performance of these3 intelligent algorithms. This is done by
using a dataset of about 9,000 connections, randomly chosen from
KDD'99’s 10% dataset. In addition, we investigate these
algorithms’ performance in terms of their attack classification
accuracy. The Simulation results are also analyzed and the
discussion is then presented. It has been observed that SVM with a
linear kernel (Linear-SVM) gives a better performance than MLP
and RBF in terms of its detection accuracy and processing speed.
This document summarizes an article that investigates security algorithms for WiMAX networks. It begins by describing the architecture of WiMAX networks, including the user terminals, access service network, and connectivity service network. It then discusses vulnerabilities in the WiMAX standard, including issues at the physical layer and weaknesses in authentication and key management protocols. The document reviews some common denial of service attacks on WiMAX, such as attacks using ranging request/response messages. It also summarizes some existing encryption protocols like DES, TDES, RC2, and RC4. Finally, it suggests the need to address denial of service attacks prior to authentication as a way to improve WiMAX security.
This document discusses network monitoring, management, and enhancement using VPN. It introduces the iManager M2000 tool for monitoring networks and describes some key network management reports. These reports contain information on network performance indicators and can help identify issues. The document also discusses using tools and macros to optimize network performance and improve key performance indicators like call setup success rate. Enhancing network monitoring and management using VPN is proposed to further improve efficiency.
Web services basics : What Are Web Services? Types of Web Services Distributed computing infrastructure, overview of XML, SOAP, Building Web Services with JAX-WS, Registering and Discovering Web Services, Service Oriented Architecture, Web Services Development Life Cycle, Developing and consuming simple Web Services across platform
The REST Architectural style : Introducing HTTP, The core architectural elements of a RESTful system, Description and discovery of RESTful web services, Java tools and frameworks for building RESTful web services, JSON message format and tools and frameworks around JSON, Build RESTful web services with JAX-RS APIs, The Description and Discovery of RESTful Web Services, Design guidelines for building RESTful web services, Secure RESTful web services
Developing Service-Oriented Applications with WCF : What Is Windows Communication Foundation, Fundamental Windows Communication Foundation Concepts, Windows Communication Foundation Architecture, WCF and .NET Framework Client Profile, Basic WCF Programming, WCF Feature Details. Web Service QoS
This document summarizes the internship work conducted by Marta de la Cruz Martos at CITSEM within the GRyS group. The internship focused on developing algorithms to analyze energy consumption for smart grids as part of the I3RES project, which aims to integrate renewable energy sources into distributed networks using artificial intelligence. Specifically, the internship involved studying relevant technologies, participating in software component design, developing and implementing algorithms, and preparing reports. The document provides background on distributed systems and databases, describes the work conducted, and presents results and conclusions.
The document discusses the history and development of ATM networks. It explains that ATM networks emerged from standardization activities around Integrated Services Digital Networks (ISDN) in the 1970s. This was driven by the trend toward an all-digital telephone network and the need to support digital connectivity for end users as well as non-voice applications like data and video. The document then provides details on the ATM cell header format and its various fields that are used to identify connections and support different types of traffic and services.
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) was developed to address issues with integrating different types of digital traffic such as voice, video, and data on local area networks. ATM uses fixed-size cells consisting of header and payload to efficiently transport variable bit rate traffic. The ATM architecture includes adaptation layers to segment higher-level data into cells and reassemble cells back into packets or frames. The architecture was refined over time to better support different traffic types through permanent and switched virtual connections.
The document discusses communication between layers in network protocols. It explains that when an upper layer requests services from the lower layer, it sends a protocol data unit (PDU) to the lower layer. The lower layer then encapsulates the upper layer PDU by adding a header and sending the entire packet to the corresponding lower layer in another machine. This process continues until the physical layer transmits the data. The document also provides details about the TCP/IP protocol stack and encapsulation process, and describes the header fields of IPv4 packets.
Sangamesh V. Sajjan is a lecturer in the Computer Science and Engineering department. He has over 4 years of teaching experience and holds a BE in Computer Science and Engineering and an MTech in Computer Science and Engineering. He has not published or presented any papers, guided any PhD students or projects, published any books, or received any awards or grants.
Digital data compression reduces transmission bandwidth requirements by removing redundant data. There are two types: lossy compression which permanently removes some data, and lossless compression which does not. Common lossy compression standards are JPEG for images and MP3 for audio, while ZIP files use lossless compression. The limits of lossy compression are determined by information theory concepts like source entropy.
The document contains a scrambled word puzzle containing technology terms related to output devices. Some of the scrambled words include: CATHODERAYTUBE, DISPLAY, and PRINTER.
VPNs, Tunneling, and Overlay Networks
Virtual private networks (VPNs) allow private networks to be extended over public networks like the internet. VPNs provide benefits like extended communication, reduced costs, and improved productivity. There are two main types of VPNs: remote-access VPNs which connect users to a private network from various locations, and site-to-site VPNs which connect organizations' remote sites into a private network or allow organizations to share environments. Tunneling protocols like PPP and protocols like IPsec are used to securely encapsulate and transmit data across VPNs. Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) and overlay networks are additional methods to improve network performance and security.
VoIP uses packet networks to carry voice calls in addition to data. It works by converting analog voice signals to digital data packets which are transmitted over IP networks and reconverted to analog at the receiving end. Key components include IP phones, signaling servers, and protocols like SIP and H.323 which handle call setup and signaling. Quality of service for VoIP depends on factors like packet loss, delay, and jitter which can be managed through queuing and reserving bandwidth for voice traffic.
The document is a computer studies worksheet for year 7 students asking them to identify storage devices, determine if statements about storage devices are true or false, and match storage device terms to their definitions. It contains exercises for students to name 4 storage devices, identify whether 5 statements about specific storage devices are true or false, and match 11 storage device terms to their definitions.
This document is an activity sheet for a Year 7 computer studies class on storage devices. It contains 3 tasks: 1) calculating the number of characters that can be stored on a floppy disk based on 1 byte per character, 2) listing 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages of using a CD-ROM encyclopedia in the classroom, and 3) giving 2 reasons why DVDs are useful for storing films. The activity sheet is marked by Teacher Hjh Siti Noor Mazrah bte Awg Hj Suhut.
This document provides an introduction to a lesson on information and communication technology (ICT). It contains 10 multiple choice questions to test students' understanding of concepts related to ICT, including Tsai Lun's invention of paper, the development of alphabets, early forms of communication in Malaysia, and the definition of ICT. It also defines communication as the transmission of information and notes some key elements and advantages of ICT systems.
This document contains a homework assignment on computer output devices. It asks students to define output, recommend output devices for specific tasks like producing letters or listening to music, identify output devices and their functions, name types of monitors and their differences, and list differences between laser printers and ink jet printers. The student must fill in blanks with short 1-3 sentence answers.
1. Computers use different types of storage including backing storage to store data when not in use, and main memory like RAM and ROM to access data currently being used.
2. RAM temporarily stores programs and data being used and is wiped when powered off, while ROM permanently stores the startup program and is not wiped when powered off.
3. Common backing storage devices include hard disks for large permanent storage, USB drives for portable storage, and optical discs like CDs and DVDs to store large amounts of read-only or writeable data.
The document is an exercise worksheet that tests knowledge of computer hardware components. It contains fill-in-the-blank questions about output devices, pixels, types of printers, and types of monitors. Students are asked to identify output devices, state what pixels are associated with, name and compare different printers, and complete a diagram about monitor types. The questions cover topics like identifying hardware, differences between devices, and relationships between technical terms.
Here are the key features of tables, queries, forms and reports in Microsoft Access:
A. Table
B. Query
C. Form
D. Report
2
A __________ extracts and
summarises information from one or
more tables.
A. Table
B. Query
C. Form
D. Report
3
A __________ provides an easy way
to view and enter information into a
database.
A. Table
B. Query
C. Form
D. Report
4
A __________ summarises
information from the database.
A. Table
B. Query
C. Form
D. Report
5
Tables store data
This document contains a computer studies worksheet with questions about storage devices. It asks students to identify input and output devices, describe how a hard disk works, and define storage terms. It also includes a scenario about Malcolm's Garden Designs and upgrades needed for his older computer. The worksheet tests knowledge of disks, hard drives, RAM, formatting, backups, and units of data storage like gigabytes.
This document is a worksheet about computer storage devices for a 7th grade computer studies class. It contains questions about different storage units like RAM, ROM, hard disks, floppy disks, zip drives, CDs, DVDs, and flash drives. Students are asked to fill in missing information like storage sizes and provide advantages and disadvantages of each type of storage device.
The clock speed of computers is usually measured in megahertz (MHz) or gigahertz (GHz). One megahertz (MHz) represents one million cycles per second, while one gigahertz (GHz) represents one billion cycles per second. A microprocessor that runs at 200 MHz would execute 200 million cycles per second. Faster clock speeds allow microprocessors to perform more instructions per second, making the computer run faster. However, other factors also influence a computer's overall speed.
The document discusses various input devices for computers such as keyboards, mice, graphics tablets, scanners, magnetic stripes, and barcodes. It explains that the QWERTY keyboard layout is popular due to early typewriter designs. Mice are called pointing devices and differ from trackballs in their shape. Graphics tablets are used by artists for digital drawings. Scanners convert images to digital formats. Magnetic stripes on credit cards and barcodes on products are machine-readable storage formats.
This document contains summaries of 8 units that cover topics in packet networks, TCP/IP, ATM networks, network management, security, QoS, resource allocation, VPNs, tunneling, overlay networks, compression of digital voice and video, VoIP, multimedia networking, mobile ad-hoc networks, and wireless sensor networks. It includes questions related to these topics and requests explanations of concepts like datagram and virtual circuits, packet switching delays, shortest path algorithms, TCP/IP headers, ATM cell structure, network management functions, encryption algorithms, and ad-hoc and sensor network routing protocols.
HOST AND NETWORK SECURITY by ThesisScientist.comProf Ansari
Network management means different things to different people. In some cases, it involves a solitary network consultant monitoring network activity with an outdated protocol analyzer. In other cases, network management involves a distributed database, auto polling of network devices, and high-end workstations generating real-time graphical views of network topology changes and traffic. In general, network management is a service that employs a variety of tools, applications, and devices to assist human network managers in monitoring and maintaining networks.
This document provides an overview of network management, including the key functions of configuration management, fault management, performance management, security management, and accounting management. It describes the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) framework used for monitoring and maintaining networks, including the Structure of Management Information (SMI) and Management Information Base (MIB). The roles of the SNMP manager and agent are defined, along with how SMI defines object names, data types, and encoding, while MIB contains the collection of objects that can be managed.
This presentation covers SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol), which is used to monitor network devices. It discusses SNMP's management components like SMI and MIB, as well as the structure of management information. SMI defines how to name objects, specify data types, and encode data for transmission. It uses Object Identifiers in a tree structure to name objects globally and encodes data in triplet format with tags, lengths, and values.
Present and desired network management to cope with the expected expansion, n...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes the present and desired network management approaches for the Nelson Mandela African Institute of Science and Technology (NM-AIST) network to cope with expected expansion. It discusses the five functional areas of network management according to the ISO (International Organization for Standardization) model - fault management, configuration management, performance management, security management, and accounting management. For each area, it provides an overview of the current approach at NM-AIST and recommendations for improvements to effectively manage current and future growth of the network.
SNMP is a standard protocol for monitoring and managing devices connected to IP networks. It exposes management data on managed systems as variables that can be queried and sometimes modified by network management software. SNMP uses a hierarchical MIB structure and OIDs to identify variables, and includes features like GetRequests to query variables, Traps for unsolicited messages, and a manager/agent architecture where software agents run on devices and communicate with network management systems.
Cisco Network Management Architecture uses software installed on network devices to monitor for problems. These management tools poll devices and check variables to compile information and store it in a management database. Common management protocols like SNMP are used.
The ISO network management model contains four main concepts - performance management, configuration management, fault management, and security management. Performance management collects and analyzes network data to monitor thresholds. Configuration management examines device configurations. Fault management detects, logs, and notifies users of network faults. Security management authenticates users and partitions network resources.
The document discusses the functions of a network management system including configuration management, fault management, performance management, security management, and accounting management. It then describes the key components of SNMP including the SNMP protocol, SMI framework for naming and defining object types, and MIB which defines a collection of named objects and their relationships. The document provides details on how SNMP messages are structured and encoded using BER, and how SNMP utilizes UDP ports 161 and 162 for request/response and trap messages.
This document discusses IoT system management using NETCONF-YANG. It begins by outlining the need for IoT system management in terms of automating configuration, monitoring data, improving reliability, handling multiple configurations, and reusing configurations. It then provides an overview of SNMP and its limitations for IoT management. NETCONF and YANG are introduced as alternatives that allow retrieving and editing device configurations through XML-based messages over SSH. Key NETCONF operations and the role of YANG in modeling configuration data are also summarized.
Machine-to-Machine (M2M) refers to the networking of machines or devices for remote monitoring and control via data exchange. M2M and IoT are often used interchangeably. M2M systems have an end-to-end architecture comprising M2M area networks with connected devices, communication networks, and application domains. M2M gateways enable communication between remote M2M area networks by performing protocol translations between local M2M networks and the Internet Protocol. Software Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) can provide architectures to manage IoT networks through centralized control and virtualization of network functions.
This presentation provides an overview of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). It defines SNMP as a tool that allows remote and local management of network devices. The key points made are:
- SNMP is based on three parts: the SNMP protocol, Structure of Management Information (SMI), and Management Information Base (MIB).
- SNMP protocol defines the message formats exchanged between managers and agents using Get, GetNext, Set, and Trap operations.
- MIB is a hierarchical map of all managed objects that can be accessed via SNMP. It is stored on SNMP agents.
- SNMP components include SNMP managers that query devices, agents that collect device info and reply to managers, and proxies that maintain info
This document discusses network management and administration. It defines network management as dealing with operations, management, and monitoring of voice and data on a network. Network management contains five functional areas: configuration management, fault management, performance management, accounting management, and security management. It then provides examples of case histories in network management, including the importance of topology, issues with centrally managed networks, transaction delays in client-server networks, impacts on end-to-end customer services, and common network problems.
SNMP is a widely used network management protocol that allows communication between network managers and agents using simple request/response messages. Managed elements contain SNMP agents that collect and store management data defined in MIB variables. Network management stations can send Get, GetNext, Set, and Trap messages to agents to read/write variables and receive asynchronous event notifications. The MIB defines managed objects using an ASN.1 tree structure and numeric identifiers to ensure unique naming.
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) allows network administrators to monitor nodes on a network from a central management station. It uses agents residing on devices that provide information to managers. SNMP uses a management information base (MIB) to define objects that agents expose and managers can query using get, getnext, and set commands. SNMPv1 uses community strings for security while SNMPv3 adds authentication, encryption, and access control to securely manage large, complex networks.
This document discusses network management. It begins by defining management and describing the two main functions of controlling and monitoring. It then discusses why network management is needed, the basic models of peer-to-peer and hierarchical management, and the general architecture. It also covers the hardware and software resources that need to be managed, as well as common management protocols and applications.
The document discusses network management topics including the Network Availability Program (NAP) which predicts network availability and reliability, Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) which is used to monitor network devices, Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) which defines data structures for network communication, Management Information Base (MIB) which describes managed objects in a network, common network management protocols like CMIP and SNMP, and responsibilities of a Communication Systems Manager.
A novel resource efficient dmms approach for network monitoring and controlli...ijwmn
In this paper, we propose a novel Distributed MANET Management System (DMMS) approach to use cross layer models to demonstrate a simplified way of efficiently managing the overall performance of individual network resources (nodes) and the network itself which is critical for not only monitoring the traffic, but also dynamically controlling the end-to-end Quality of Service (QoS) for different applications. In the proposed DMMS architecture, each network resource maintains a set of Management Information Base (MIB) elements and stores resource activities in their abstraction in terms of counters, timer, flag and threshold values. The abstract data is exchanged between different management agents residing in different resources on a need-to-know basis and each agent logically executes management functions locally to develop understanding of the behavior of all network resources to ensure that user protocols can function smoothly. However, in traditional network management systems, they collect statistical data such as resource usage and performance by spoofing of resources. The amount of data that is exchanged with other resources through management protocols that can be extremely high and the bandwidth for overhead management functions increases significantly. Also, the data storage requirements in each network resource for management functions increases and become inefficient as it increases the power usage for processing. Our proposed scheme targets at solving the problems.
The document discusses network infrastructure vulnerabilities and network security concepts. It notes that security services are an integral part of network design and assessing vulnerabilities is important for network planning. Some common network infrastructure vulnerabilities that will be covered include unauthorized access, denial of service attacks, and data interception. Network security concepts like authentication, authorization, confidentiality and integrity will also be analyzed.
Centralized monitoring station for it computing and network infrastructure1MOHD ARISH
This document is a project report on implementing a centralized monitoring station for an IT network infrastructure. It will collect SNMP traps from all network devices and pass them to backend processing boxes for load distribution. The report discusses SNMP concepts like OIDs, MIBs, and community strings. It also describes the three versions of SNMP and provides instructions for installing SNMP utilities and using commands like snmpget and snmpwalk to perform queries.
The document discusses network management, which refers to tools and systems that help network administrators monitor, maintain, and control computer networks. It describes various network management functions like performance monitoring, configuration management, fault management, accounting, and security. Finally, it provides examples of popular network management systems used by organizations like Cisco, IBM, HP, and open source tools.
The document summarizes key aspects of architectural design for software systems. It defines software architecture as the structure of system components and relationships between them. Architecture is important for analyzing design effectiveness, considering alternatives, and managing risks. Key architectural styles described include data-centered, data flow, call and return, object-oriented, and layered. The document also discusses defining architectural context diagrams, archetypes, and components to design system architecture.
This lesson plan outlines the topics and objectives for a semester-long course on Computer Networks II. Over the course of 44 days, it covers 6 units: 1) Packet-Switching Networks, 2) TCP/IP Protocols, 3) IPv6 and Internet Routing, 4) ATM Networks, 5) Network Management and Security, and 6) Quality of Service, VPNs and Multiprotocol Label Switching. Each day focuses on a different sub-topic, with objectives like introducing concepts, exploring protocols and algorithms, and solving practice problems. The goal is to provide students a comprehensive overview of computer networking from packets to protocols to applications.
IP telephony, also known as VoIP, refers to transmitting voice calls over IP networks instead of traditional telephone networks. It has the benefit of lower costs but introduces challenges related to compatibility and signaling. Signaling protocols like H.323 and SIP are used to set up and manage calls between IP phones and interconnect IP networks with public telephone networks. Mapping standards like ENUM and routing standards like TRIP help integrate user identification and routing between the different network types. While IP telephony has cost advantages, it also requires an external power source unlike traditional analog telephone networks.
The document discusses data compression fundamentals including why compression is needed, information theory basics, classification of compression algorithms, and the data compression model. It notes that digital representations of analog signals require huge storage and bandwidth for transmission. Compression aims to represent source data with as few bits as possible while maintaining acceptable fidelity through modeling and coding phases. Algorithms can be lossless or lossy depending on whether reconstruction is exact. Performance is evaluated based on compression ratio, quality, complexity, and delay.
The document discusses various techniques for congestion control in computer networks, including at both the router and host levels. It defines congestion control as efforts to prevent or respond to overload conditions in the network. At the router level, it describes queue management techniques like FIFO, priority queuing, fair queuing (FQ), and weighted fair queuing (WFQ) which aim to allocate bandwidth fairly between flows. It also discusses congestion notification methods including explicit feedback and implicit feedback via packet drops. At the host level, it mentions TCP congestion control and reservation-based approaches.
This document discusses overlay networks, with a focus on content distribution networks (CDNs). It defines what an overlay network is and provides examples like MBone, 6Bone, and peer-to-peer networks. It then describes the motivations for content networks like reducing congestion and improving performance. Finally, it explains the components of a typical CDN including request routing, content distribution, and accounting infrastructures.
The document discusses symmetric encryption principles and algorithms. It covers the basic components of conventional encryption including plain text, encryption algorithms, keys, cipher text and decryption algorithms. It then describes common symmetric encryption algorithms like the Data Encryption Standard (DES) and the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) which replaced DES. The document also discusses concepts like cryptanalysis, key distribution and the location of encryption devices.
Here are the key steps of reverse path broadcasting/multicasting using the example network:
1. Router S sends the multicast packet and all routers know the shortest path to S is directly through S.
2. Router directly connected to S forwards the packet to all other ports except the port it arrived on (parent port).
3. Subsequent routers forward the packet to all ports except the parent port, following the shortest path to S in reverse.
4. This process continues until all destinations are reached, with each router forwarding only once.
The end result is an efficient multicast distribution tree is built to reach all destinations.
Virtual private networks (VPNs) allow private connectivity between networks over public infrastructure like the internet. A VPN uses tunneling protocols to encapsulate private network traffic within public network packets. Virtual private routed networks (VPRNs) are a type of layer 3 IP-based VPN that emulate a multi-site private network using virtual routing and forwarding tables on provider edge routers. The virtual router model implements VPRNs by running separate routing protocol instances for each VPN to exchange reachability information between customer edge routers via provider edge routers.
- AODV is a reactive routing protocol that establishes routes on-demand. When a node needs to send a packet to a destination, it broadcasts a route request (RREQ) to its neighbors.
- Neighbors rebroadcast the RREQ, creating a reverse path back to the source. If the destination receives a RREQ, or an intermediate node knows of a route, it responds by unicasting a route reply (RREP) back to the source.
- AODV sets up forward routes at intermediate nodes along the reverse path so bidirectional communication is possible. Route entries expire if not used recently and link failures are reported using route error (RERR) messages to update routing tables.
- Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are autonomous systems of wireless nodes that can dynamically change topology as nodes move. Routing must adapt to these changes.
- There are two main categories of routing protocols: table-driven protocols proactively maintain consistent, up-to-date routing tables whereas on-demand protocols only determine routes when needed.
- Examples of protocols include DSDV as a table-driven protocol and AODV as an on-demand protocol, with AODV using route requests and replies to discover routes only when transmitting data.
Packet-switching networks transfer information as packets that may experience random delays and loss. There are two main approaches: connectionless datagram service which routes packets independently, and connection-oriented virtual circuits which establish paths for packets belonging to a connection. Routing determines the best paths for packets using distributed algorithms that adapt to network changes. Large packet switches use techniques like self-routing, shared memory, and crossbar switches to efficiently route high volumes of packets.
Maruthi Prithivirajan, Head of ASEAN & IN Solution Architecture, Neo4j
Get an inside look at the latest Neo4j innovations that enable relationship-driven intelligence at scale. Learn more about the newest cloud integrations and product enhancements that make Neo4j an essential choice for developers building apps with interconnected data and generative AI.
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...sonjaschweigert1
Rapid and secure feature delivery is a goal across every application team and every branch of the DoD. The Navy’s DevSecOps platform, Party Barge, has achieved:
- Reduction in onboarding time from 5 weeks to 1 day
- Improved developer experience and productivity through actionable findings and reduction of false positives
- Maintenance of superior security standards and inherent policy enforcement with Authorization to Operate (ATO)
Development teams can ship efficiently and ensure applications are cyber ready for Navy Authorizing Officials (AOs). In this webinar, Sigma Defense and Anchore will give attendees a look behind the scenes and demo secure pipeline automation and security artifacts that speed up application ATO and time to production.
We will cover:
- How to remove silos in DevSecOps
- How to build efficient development pipeline roles and component templates
- How to deliver security artifacts that matter for ATO’s (SBOMs, vulnerability reports, and policy evidence)
- How to streamline operations with automated policy checks on container images
“An Outlook of the Ongoing and Future Relationship between Blockchain Technologies and Process-aware Information Systems.” Invited talk at the joint workshop on Blockchain for Information Systems (BC4IS) and Blockchain for Trusted Data Sharing (B4TDS), co-located with with the 36th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE), 3 June 2024, Limassol, Cyprus.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1DianaGray10
This session provides introduction to UiPath Communication Mining, importance and platform overview. You will acquire a good understand of the phases in Communication Mining as we go over the platform with you. Topics covered:
• Communication Mining Overview
• Why is it important?
• How can it help today’s business and the benefits
• Phases in Communication Mining
• Demo on Platform overview
• Q/A
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
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Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdf
Network management
1. Network Management
• All networks, whether large or small, benefit from some form of management. Network
management involves configuring, monitoring, and possibly reconfiguring components in a
network with the goal of providing optimal performance, minimal downtime, proper security, and
flexibility.
• This type of management is generally accomplished by using a network management system,
which contains a software bundle designed to improve the overall performance and reliability of a
system.
• In a small network, network management systems might be used to identify users who present
security hazards or to end misconfigured systems.
• The most common computer network management system currently implemented is the Simple
Network Management Protocol (SNMP), which was originally intended to be a short term solution
to the network management issue.
• There is an OSI-based network management system called Common Management Information
Protocol (CMIP).
• network management system be based on standards so that interoperability is also ensured
NETWORK MANAGEMENT OVERVIEW
Network management involves monitoring and controlling a networking system so that it operates as
intended. It also provides a means to configure the system while still meeting or exceeding design
specifications.
The functions performed by a network management system can be categorized into the following five
areas:
1. Fault management refers to the detection, isolation, and resolution of network problems.
2. Configuration management refers to the process of initially configuring a network and then adjusting it
in response to changing network requirements.
3. Accounting management involves tracking the usage of network resources.
4.Performance management involves monitoring network utilization, end-to-end response time, and other
performance measures at various points in a network.
5.Security management refers to the process of making the network secure.
A network contains a number of managed devices such as routers,bridges, switches, and hosts. Network
management essentially involves monitor-ing and/or altering the con®guration of such devices. An agent
is a part of a network management system that resides in a managed device.
A network management station provides a text or graphical view of the entire network (or one of its
components). This view is provided by way of a management application or manager that resides on the
station.
The Following figure shows portion of a departmental network to illustrate how the network management
concepts might apply
2. Each host contains an agent that collects management information pertaining to the host. Similarly, the
router also contains its own agent. The manager in the management station can poll a particular agent to
obtain specific management information, which for example, can be the number of packet losses in the
router.
Network management system may operate in a centralized or distributed manner or include both types of
computing.
SIMPLE NETWORK MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL (SNMP)
In the early days of the Internet, the Internet Activities Board recognized the need for a management
framework by which to manage TCP/IP implementa-tions. The framework consists of three components:
1. A conceptual framework that de®nes the rules for describing management information, known as the
Structure of Management Information (SMI).
2. A virtual database containing information about the managed device known as the Management
Information Base (MIB).
3. A protocol for communication between a manager and an agent of a managed device, known as
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP).
• SNMP is an application layer protocol that is used to read and write vari-ables in an agent's MIB.
• The most current version is SNMPv3.
• SNMP is based on an asynchronous request-response protocol enhanced with trap-directed
polling
• An SNMP manager sends messages to an agent via UDP destination port 161, while an agent
sends trap messages to a manager via UDP destination port 162.
• The messages (PDUs) exchanged via SNMP consist of a header and a data part.
• The header contains a version ®eld, a community name ®eld, and a PDU type field.
SNMP provdes three ways to access management information.
1. Request/response interaction in which a manager sends a request to an agent and the agent responds
to the request.
2 .Request/response interaction in which a manager sends a request to another manager and the latter
responds to the request.
3. Unconfirmed interaction in which an agent sends an unsolicited Trap-PDU a manager.
to
A typical interaction between a manager and agent would proceed as follows. The
manager issues some form of get request that contains a unique request-id to match the response with
the request, a zero-valued error status/error index, and one or more variable bindings. The agent issues
a response containing the same request-id, a zero-valued error status if there is no error, and the same
variable bindings.
3. If an exception occurs for one or more of the variables, then the particular
error status for each relevant variable is returned as well.
Version 3 of SNMP was formally documented in early 1998 [RFC 2271]. It presents a
more complex framework for message exchange, the complexity being required both for extensibility and
for security reasons. The security system contains a user-based security model, as well as other security
models that may be implemented.
The model uses the MD5 encryption scheme for verifying user keys, a SHA message digest algorithm
(HMAC-SHA-96) to verify message integrity and to verify the user on whose behalf the message was
generated, and a CBC-DES symmetric encryption protocol for privacy. See [RFC 2274] for further
information on the user-based securitymodel.
STRUCTURE OF MANAGEMENT INFORMATION
The Structure of Management Information (SMI) de®nes the rules for describing
managed objects. In the SNMP framework managed objects reside in a virtual database called
the Management Information Base (MIB).
Several data types are allowed in SMI. The primitive data types consist of IN T E G E R ,
O C T E T S T R ,IN G L,Land O B J E C T ID E N T.IF IE R
NU A dditional user-de®data types are application speci®c.
ned
Primitive data types are written in uppercase, while user-de®ned data types start with an
uppercase letter but contain at least one character other than an uppercase letter. Table B.2 lists
some of the data types permitted in SMI.
An B J E C T ID E N T IF is represented as a sequence of nonnegative integers each
O IE R where
integer corresponds to a particular node in the tree. This data type provides a means for
identifying a managed object and relating its place in the object hierarchy.
The internet (1) subtree itself has six subtrees:
4. The directory (1) subtree is reserved for future use describing how OSI direc-tory may be used in the
Internet.
The mgmt (2) subtree is used to identify ``standard'' objects that are registered by the Internet Assigned
Numbers Authority (IANA).
The experimental (3) subtree is for objects being used experimentally by work-ing groups of the IETF. If
the object becomes a standard, then it must move to the mgmt (2) subtree.
The private (4) subtree is for objects de®ned by a single party, usually a vendor.It has a subtree
enterprise (1), which allows companies to register their network objects.
The security (5) subtree is for objects related to security.
The snmpv2 (6) subtree is reserved for housekeeping purposes for SNMPv2.This subtree includes object
information for transport domains, transport proxies, and module identities
Object definitions are generally packaged into information modules. Three types of information modules
are defined using the SMI:
• MIB modules, which serve to group dentitions of interrelated objects.
• Compliance statements for MIB modules. These define a set of requirements that managed
nodes must meet with respect to one or more MIB modules.
• Capability statements for agent implementations. These specify the degree to which a managed
node is able to implement objects that are defined in a MIB module.
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION BASE
The Management Information Base (MIB) is a virtual database used to define the
Functional and operational aspects of network devices.
The information provided by the MIB represents the common view and structure of
management capabilities that are shared between the management station and device's agent.
Each definition of a particular object contains the following information about the object: its
name, the data type, a human-readable description, the type of access (read/write), and an object
identifier.
5. REMOTE NETWORK MONITORING
• An additional set of modules, known as Remote Network Monitoring (RMON), was developed in
1995.
• These are considered to be not only an extension of the mib-2 but also an improvement. These
are considered to be not only an extension of the mib-2 but also an improvement.
• RMON uses a technique called remote management to obtain monitoring data. In this approach a
network monitor (often called a probe) collects the data from the device.
• The probe may stand alone or be embedded within the managed device. Management
applications communicate with an RMON agent in the probe by using SNMP.
• RMON also provides for a higher level of standardization of the information collected.
• RMON is included as a subtree of mib-2 (rmon (16)).
• RMON focuses on network management at layer 2 (data link).
Security Protocols
To provide certain services, some communication protocols need to process the information they transmit
and receive. . For example, protocols that provide reliable communication service encode the transmitted
information to detect when transmission errors have occurred so that they can initiate corrective action.
SECURITY AND CRYPTOGRAPHIC ALGORITHMS
Public communication networks traditionally have not been secure in the sense of providing high levels of
security for the information that is transmitted.
Information transmitted over the network is not secure and can be observed and recorded by
eavesdroppers. This information can be replayed in attempts to access the server.
Imposters can attempt to gain unauthorized access to a server, for example, a b$ank account or a
database of personal records.
An attacker can also ¯ood a server with requests, overloading the server resources and resulting in a
denial of service to legitimate clients.
An imposter can impersonate a legitimate server and gain sensitive information from a client, for
example, a bank account number and associated user pass-word.
6. These threats give rise to one or more of the following security requirements for information that is
transmitted over a network:
Privacy or con®dentiality: The information should be readable only by the intended recipient.
Integrity: The recipient can con®rm that a message has not been altered during transmission.
Authentication: It is possible to verify that the sender or receiver is who he or she claims to be.
Nonrepudiation: The sender cannot deny having sent a given message.
The need for security in communications is in fact also not new. This need has existed in military
communications for thousands of years. It should not be surprising then that the approaches developed
by the military form the basis for providing security in modern networks.
One feature that is new in the threats faced in computer networks is the speed with which break-in
attempts can be made from a distance by using a network. Because the threats are implemented on
computers, very high attempt rates are possible.
7. Applications of Cryptography to Security
The science and art of manipulating messages to make them secure is called cryptography. An original
message to be transformed is called the plaintext, and the resulting message after the transformation is
called the ciphertext. The process of converting the plaintext into ciphertext is called encryption. The
reverse process is called decryption. The algorithm used for encryption and decryption is often called a
cipher. Typically, encryption and decryption require the use of a secret key. The objective is to design an
encryption technique so that it would be very dif®cult if not impossible for an unauthorized party to
under- stand the contents of the ciphertext. A user can recover the original message only by decrypting
the ciphertext using the secret key.
substitution ciphers are a common technique for altering messages in games and puzzles. Each
letter of the alphabet is mapped into another letter. The ciphertext is obtained by applying the
substitution defined by the mapping to the plaintext.
Transposition ciphers are another type of encryption scheme. Here the order in which the letters
of the message appear is altered. For example, the letters may be written into an array in one order and
read out in a different order. If the receiver knows the appropriate manner in which the reading and
writing is done, then it can decipher the message. Substitution and transposition techniques are easily
broken.
SECRET KEY CRYPTOGRAPHY
Figure 11.2 depicts a secret key cryptographic system where a sender converts the plaintext P into
ciphertext C ˆ EK …P† before transmitting the original message over an insecure channel. The sender
uses a secret key K for the encryption. When the receiver receives the ciphertext C, the receiver recovers
the plaintext by performing decryption DK …C†, using the same key K . It is the sharing of a secret, that
is, the key, that enables the transmitter and receiver to communicate.Symbolically, we can write P ˆ DK …
EK …P††. Secret key cryptography is also referred to as symmetric key cryptography.
The selection of the cryptographic method must meet several requirements. First of all, the method
should be easy to implement, and it should be deployable on large scale.
8. Clearly, secret key cryptography addresses the privacy requirement. A mes- sage that needs to be kept
con®dential is encrypted prior to transmission, and any eavesdropper that manages to gain access to the
ciphertext will be unable to access the contents of the plaintext message. The Data Encryption Standard
(DES) is a well-known example of a secret key system.
A traditional method of authentication involves demonstrating possession of a secret. For example, in a
military setting a messenger might be con®rmed to be authentic if he or she can produce the correct
answer to the speci®c question. A similar procedure can be used over a network, using secret key
cryptography.
CRYPTOGRAPHIC CHECKSUMS AND HASHES
The usual approach to providing integrity is to transmit a cryptographic check-sum or hash along with
the unencrypted message. The transmitter and receiver share a secret key that allows them to calculate
the checksum that consists of a ®xed number of bits. To ascertain integrity, the receiver calculates the
checksum of the received message and compares it to the received checksum. If the check-sums agree,
the message is accepted.
A cryptographic checksum must be designed so that it is one way in that it is extremely dif®cult
to ®nd a message that produced a given checksum.Furthermore, given a message, ®nding
another message that would produce the same checksum should also be extremely dif®cult. In
general the checksum is much shorter than the transmitted message. However, the cryptographic
checksum cannot be too short.
The message digest 5 (MD5) algorithm is an example of a hash algorithm. The MD5 algorithm begins by
taking a message of arbitrary length and padding it into a multiple of 512 bits. A buffer of 128 bits is then
initialized to a given value. At each step the algorithm modi®es the content of the buffer according to
the next 512-bit block. When the process is completed, the buffer holds the 128- bit ``hash'' code. The
MD5 algorithm itself does not require a key.
The keyed MD5, which combines a secret key with the MD5 algorithm, is widely used to produce a
cryptographic checksum. First the message is padded to a multiple of 512 bits. The secret key is also
9. padded to 512 bits and attached to the front and back of the padded message. The MD5 algorithm then
computes the hash code.
A general method for improving the strength of a given hash function is to use the hashed message
authentication code (HMAC) method. Using MD5 as an example, HMAC works as follows. First, the shared
secret is padded with zeros to 512 bits. The result is XORed with ipad, which consists of 64 repetitions of
00110110. Second, the message is padded to a multiple of 512 bits. Third, the concatenation of the
blocks in the ®rst two steps is applied to the MD5 algorithm to obtain a 128-bit hash. The hash is
padded to 512 bits. Fourth, the shared secret is padded with zeros to 512 bits, and the result is XORed
with opad, which consists of 64 repetitions of 01011010. Fifth, the blocks in the previous two steps
are applied to the MD5 algorithm to produce the ®nal 128-bit hash. The general HMAC procedure
involves adjusting the block size (512 bits for MD5) and the hash size (128 bits for MD5) to the particular
hash function. For example, SHA- 1 works with a block size of 512 and a hash size of 160 bits.
PUBLIC KEY CRYPTOGRAPHY
Unlike secret key cryptography, keys are not shared between senders and recei- vers in public key
cryptography (sometimes also referred to as asymmetric cryp- tography). Public key cryptography was
invented in 1975 by Dif®e and Hellman. It relies on two different keys, a public key and a private key. A
sender encrypts the plaintext by using a public key, and a receiver decrypts the ciphertext by using a
private key, as illustrated in Figure 11.4. Symbolically, a public key cryptographic system can be
expressed as P ˆ DK 2…EK 1…P††, where K 1 is the public key and K 2 is the private key. In some systems
the encryption and decryp- tion process can be applied in the reverse order such as P ˆ EK 1…DK 2…P††.
One important requirement for public key cryptography is that it must not be possi- ble to determine K 2
from K 1. In general the public key is small, and the private key is large. The best-known example of
public key cryptography is the one developed by Rivest, Shamir, and Adleman, known as RSA.2
Public key cryptography can also be used to produce a digital signature. To sign a message the
transmitter ®rst produces a no cryptographic checksum or hash of the message. The transmitter then
encrypts the checksum or hash using its private key to produce the signature. No one else can create
such a signature. The transmitter then sends the message and the signature to the receiver.