This document discusses computer networks and communication. It begins by defining what a network is - a group of connected computers that can share resources and exchange information. It then discusses the evolution and need for networking. There are three main types of networks described: local area networks (LANs) which connect computers in a small area like a building, metropolitan area networks (MANs) which connect computers over a city, and wide area networks (WANs) which connect computers across large geographic areas or continents using technologies like phone lines or satellites. The document also covers network topologies like bus, star, and ring configurations and their advantages and disadvantages.

1. NETWORK AND
COMMUNICATION
Presented by:
Amodh Pandey
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2.  What is a network?
 Evolution of Network?
 Need for Networking
 Types of Network
 LAN
 MAN
 WAN
 Topology
 Types of Topology
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4.  Network is a group of computers and associated
devices that are connected by communications
facilities.
 An interconnected collection of autonomous
computers.
 When two or more computers are joined together
so that they are capable of exchanging
information,they form a network
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5.  Resource sharing-Through a network,data can be
shared irrespective of the physical location of the
resources and the user.
 Reliability-A file can have its copies on two or more
computers of network.
 Reduced cost-Sharing resources reduces the cost.
 Fast communication- information can be exchanged
in minimum time. 5

6.  LAN(Local Area Network)
 MAN( Metropolitian Area Network)
 WAN(Wide Area Network)
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7. o Network that is confined to
relatively small area.eg:
school,lab.
o In typical LAN
configuration,one computer is
designated as the file server.
o On most LANs,cables are used
to connect the network
interface cards in each
computer.
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8.  Network spread over a
city
 Purpose is to share
data among its users.
 E.g Cable T.V. Network.
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9.  It connects larger geographic
areas,such as two countries or
even continents.
 Dedicated transoceanic cabling or
satellite uplinks may be used to
connect this type of network.
 Connected through public
networks such as telephone lines
,or satellite.
 Largest WAN is Internet. 9

10.  The pattern of interconnection of node in a
network is called the topology.
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11.  A linear bus topology
consists of a main run of
cable with a terminator at
each end.
 All nodes(file
server,workstations,and
peripherals)are connected to
linear cable.
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12. Advantage of bus topology
o Easy to connect computer to a linear bus.
o Requires less cable length than a star topology.
Disadvantage of a linear buss topology
 Entire network shuts down if there is break in
the main cable
 Difficult to identify problem if the entire
network shuts down.
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13.  It is designed with each node
connected directly to a central
network hub or connector.
 Data on a star network passes
through hub before reaching
to the destination.
 The hub or connector
manages and controls all the
function of network. 13

14. Advantages of Star Topology:
 Easy to install and wire.
 No disruptions to the network when connecting
or removing devices.
 Easy to detect faults and remove parts
Disadvantages of Star Topology:
 Requires more cable length than a linear
topology.
 If the connector hub fails, notes attached are
disabled.
 More expensive than bus topology. 14

15.  A local area network formed
in a ring(closed loop)Topology
that uses passing as a mean
to regulate traffic on the line.
 Data passes from one
destination to another in a
closed loop.
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16. Advantages of Ring Topology:
 Uses less amount of cable compared to star.
 No wiring closet space required.
 Suitable for optical fibres(i.e. High speed and
traffic travels in one direction).
Disadvantage of ring topology:
 Node failure causes network failure.
 Difficult to diagnose faults.
 Network reconfiguration is difficult.It is not
possible to shut down small the ring topology. 16

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