This white paper discusses communications networks from 2010 to 2020. It predicts that over the next decade, networks will evolve significantly to connect everyone and everything everywhere through intelligent, high-bandwidth, and mobile networks. Key developments include networks becoming more application-aware and self-healing, the widespread adoption of 4G wireless providing broadband speeds, and the transition to delivering all services over the cloud. By 2020, all devices, systems, and appliances will be connected through purpose-built networks, creating a hyper-connected environment.
Ultra-broadband networks enabled by fiber optic technology and 4G wireless networks will transform society and drive economic growth. Verizon is investing $17 billion annually to build these networks. They will enable virtual classrooms, remote medicine, smart appliances, and reinvent industries. Ultra-broadband can help reform healthcare, save energy, improve education, empower people with disabilities, and connect more people globally. These networks represent the next wave of innovation that will change our lives even more than previous technologies.
Mobile services and its impact on GPDs and Return on InvestmentKartik Mehta
Mobile internet and social networking are transforming society in three main ways:
1) Mobile internet access through smartphones is growing rapidly and expected to surpass fixed internet access. This is driving economic growth through increased connectivity.
2) Social networking sites like Facebook and Twitter have seen explosive growth as people increasingly share and consume content online. This is changing how individuals and communities interact.
3) The combination of mobile devices and social networking allows people to access networks and share content anywhere, anytime. This is merging social lives with mobile connectivity in fundamental ways.
Multimode, The Key Ingredient For Ubiquitous ConnectivityGreen Packet
Users today are demanding ubiquitous connectivity, an ultimatum the industry still struggles to achieve. The good news is that there are positive developments in this direction through the evolution towards multimode as far as networks and devices are concerned. However, what is lacking is the absence of a mechanism that unifies multiple networks and devices for a seamless
experience. This paper discusses the mechanism required to think on behalf of networks and devices so that users enjoy a truly ubiquitous connectivity.
The Next Information Technology- A Preview of Tomorrow’s Innovations and Cha...Nadir Belarbi
The document discusses potential future innovations in information technology over the next 5-10 years based on current trends. Three key concepts are highlighted: 1) Hyper-connectivity through always-on wireless access and new devices like flexible screens; 2) A social and semantic web where information is more structured and intelligent agents can perform tasks, though true artificial intelligence is still far off; 3) Cloud computing and software as a service (SaaS) where corporations increasingly rely on specialized online services rather than maintaining their own IT departments. These changes will lead to a "hyper-connected" and dynamic new web economy.
This white paper discusses the convergence of networks, devices, and services into a single "Unified Network" driven by advances in digital technologies and standardization. Key points:
- Fixed and mobile networks, as well as broadcasting, are transitioning to internet-based IP technologies. This will consolidate networks into a single, global internet network.
- A wide range of digital devices will be able to utilize this unified network, beyond just PCs. This includes smartphones, consumer electronics, and other internet-connected devices.
- As networks and devices converge, services will also converge and be delivered over the internet. This includes voice, video, and other digital content and services.
This document discusses trends driving shifts in global telecom markets and the digitization of economies. Key trends include increased device usability, mobility, technology-savvy consumers, and bandwidth demand and supply. Digitization will have broad implications on societies and economies through applications like smart grids, smart infrastructure, digital goods, cloud systems, and more. The challenges are designing and deploying the components needed for digital economies, such as smart systems, digital presence, and digital goods across various sectors including education, health, government, utilities, retail, banking, transport, and media.
Air5 is a mobile audience media company, leveraging Wi-Fi to deliver ads to elusive and affluent audiences with outstanding measurable results. We reach audiences in the context of their daily lives, driving deeper engagement than traditional media with the keen expertise of ad industry veterans, who understand your targeting needs and how to deliver.
The document discusses the growth and adoption of 3G CDMA wireless technology. It notes that CDMA now accounts for nearly half of all wireless subscribers in North America, and there are over 135 million CDMA subscribers and 26 million 3G CDMA subscribers worldwide. It highlights several wireless operators and regions that have successfully launched 3G CDMA networks in 2002, including Verizon Wireless and Sprint PCS in North America, China Unicom in China, SK Telecom and KT Freetel in South Korea, KDDI in Japan, and planned deployments by Reliance, BSNL, and Tata Teleservices in India. The annual report emphasizes that 3G CDMA is enabling new multimedia devices and high
Ultra-broadband networks enabled by fiber optic technology and 4G wireless networks will transform society and drive economic growth. Verizon is investing $17 billion annually to build these networks. They will enable virtual classrooms, remote medicine, smart appliances, and reinvent industries. Ultra-broadband can help reform healthcare, save energy, improve education, empower people with disabilities, and connect more people globally. These networks represent the next wave of innovation that will change our lives even more than previous technologies.
Mobile services and its impact on GPDs and Return on InvestmentKartik Mehta
Mobile internet and social networking are transforming society in three main ways:
1) Mobile internet access through smartphones is growing rapidly and expected to surpass fixed internet access. This is driving economic growth through increased connectivity.
2) Social networking sites like Facebook and Twitter have seen explosive growth as people increasingly share and consume content online. This is changing how individuals and communities interact.
3) The combination of mobile devices and social networking allows people to access networks and share content anywhere, anytime. This is merging social lives with mobile connectivity in fundamental ways.
Multimode, The Key Ingredient For Ubiquitous ConnectivityGreen Packet
Users today are demanding ubiquitous connectivity, an ultimatum the industry still struggles to achieve. The good news is that there are positive developments in this direction through the evolution towards multimode as far as networks and devices are concerned. However, what is lacking is the absence of a mechanism that unifies multiple networks and devices for a seamless
experience. This paper discusses the mechanism required to think on behalf of networks and devices so that users enjoy a truly ubiquitous connectivity.
The Next Information Technology- A Preview of Tomorrow’s Innovations and Cha...Nadir Belarbi
The document discusses potential future innovations in information technology over the next 5-10 years based on current trends. Three key concepts are highlighted: 1) Hyper-connectivity through always-on wireless access and new devices like flexible screens; 2) A social and semantic web where information is more structured and intelligent agents can perform tasks, though true artificial intelligence is still far off; 3) Cloud computing and software as a service (SaaS) where corporations increasingly rely on specialized online services rather than maintaining their own IT departments. These changes will lead to a "hyper-connected" and dynamic new web economy.
This white paper discusses the convergence of networks, devices, and services into a single "Unified Network" driven by advances in digital technologies and standardization. Key points:
- Fixed and mobile networks, as well as broadcasting, are transitioning to internet-based IP technologies. This will consolidate networks into a single, global internet network.
- A wide range of digital devices will be able to utilize this unified network, beyond just PCs. This includes smartphones, consumer electronics, and other internet-connected devices.
- As networks and devices converge, services will also converge and be delivered over the internet. This includes voice, video, and other digital content and services.
This document discusses trends driving shifts in global telecom markets and the digitization of economies. Key trends include increased device usability, mobility, technology-savvy consumers, and bandwidth demand and supply. Digitization will have broad implications on societies and economies through applications like smart grids, smart infrastructure, digital goods, cloud systems, and more. The challenges are designing and deploying the components needed for digital economies, such as smart systems, digital presence, and digital goods across various sectors including education, health, government, utilities, retail, banking, transport, and media.
Air5 is a mobile audience media company, leveraging Wi-Fi to deliver ads to elusive and affluent audiences with outstanding measurable results. We reach audiences in the context of their daily lives, driving deeper engagement than traditional media with the keen expertise of ad industry veterans, who understand your targeting needs and how to deliver.
The document discusses the growth and adoption of 3G CDMA wireless technology. It notes that CDMA now accounts for nearly half of all wireless subscribers in North America, and there are over 135 million CDMA subscribers and 26 million 3G CDMA subscribers worldwide. It highlights several wireless operators and regions that have successfully launched 3G CDMA networks in 2002, including Verizon Wireless and Sprint PCS in North America, China Unicom in China, SK Telecom and KT Freetel in South Korea, KDDI in Japan, and planned deployments by Reliance, BSNL, and Tata Teleservices in India. The annual report emphasizes that 3G CDMA is enabling new multimedia devices and high
Economic impacts of submarine fiber optic cables and broadband connectivity i...Fola Odufuwa
Subsea cables are the global backbone of the Internet, connecting people, businesses, and economies around the world. They connect us to the cloud, deliver streaming video, and increase efficiency and productivity for business. Subsea cables’ importance is all the more apparent during the Covid19 pandemic when many of us have switched to working from home, remote learning, and online gaming and entertainment.
We studied the economic impacts from subsea cables that arrived in Nigeria (e.g., WACS) to understand how they changed the economy. Improved connectivity led to increases in internet usage and decreases in costs, but infrastructure and affordability challenges meant that impacts were limited to select urban areas. Our results signal the promise connectivity improvements could have in other parts of the country.
The document discusses developments and future trends in satellite communication technologies over the past 25 years. It describes how satellite communication has enabled global connectivity and information sharing. It outlines various current and emerging satellite services and applications. It envisions future satellites having digital switching capabilities, inter-satellite links, and the ability to seamlessly integrate with terrestrial networks to provide ubiquitous broadband access globally.
This document discusses the history and growth of internet usage in India. It notes that internet access first became available in India in 1995, accessed primarily through slow dial-up connections. Usage expanded in the late 1990s and 2000s with improvements in speeds and declines in costs. The growth of mobile internet beginning in the late 2000s further expanded access, especially in rural areas. The internet now accounts for an estimated 3-5% of India's GDP, a figure expected to continue growing rapidly with further expansion of e-commerce, digital payments, entertainment, and other internet-based services and industries.
A partnership between Neo-Sky, Satlynx, and Cisco Systems developed an innovative solution to provide high-speed internet access to rural areas of Spain using a combination of satellite and wireless technologies. Two pilot projects in Somiedo, Asturias and Molina de Aragon used satellites to beam an internet signal that was distributed to local businesses via Cisco's wireless network. This provided rural communities with broadband access at costs similar to urban DSL. The successful pilots demonstrated the viability of using emerging technologies to connect remote areas and help drive local economic development.
Moratelindo is an Indonesian telecommunications infrastructure provider that owns over 10,000 km of fiber optic cable and 5 data centers across Indonesia. The presentation discusses broadband market trends, defines the broadband ecosystem, and outlines Moratelindo's strategy to develop its network and services in line with market segmentation as both a provider of fiber infrastructure and data center facilities, and as a one-stop ICT solutions company.
Javier salcedo cloud computing - seserv se workshop june 2012ictseserv
This document discusses cloud computing and the challenges of cloud adoption. It notes that while technology is now mainstream, consumer demand is driving innovation at an accelerating pace. However, widespread adoption of cloud services in businesses faces significant hurdles around security, legacy systems, lock-in effects and developing standardized service level agreements. The document advocates for enabling cloud ecosystems, improving interoperability, and hybrid cloud models to facilitate progressive onboarding of businesses to the cloud.
TOWARDS FUTURE 4G MOBILE NETWORKS: A REAL-WORLD IMS TESTBEDijngnjournal
In the near future, current mobile communication networks will converge towards an All-IP network in order to provide richer applications, stronger customer satisfaction, andfurther return on investment for the industry. However, such a convergence induces a strong level of complexity when handling interoperability between different operators and different handset vendors. In this context, the 3GPP consortium is working on the standardization of the convergence, and IMS is emerging as the internationally agreed upon standard that is multi-operator and multi-vendor. In this paper, we shed further light on the subtleties of IMS, and we delineate a blueprint for the implementation of a real-world
IMS testbed. An open source Presence Server is deployed as well. The operation of the IMS testbed and the Presence Server are checked to assess their conformance with 3GPP standards. A simple third party application is developed on top the IMS testbed to further assess its operation.
Edge AI chips are specialized chips that perform machine learning tasks directly on devices rather than in remote data centers. Deloitte predicts that over 750 million edge AI chips will be sold in 2020, more than double the previous forecast, with continued high growth expected through 2024. Most edge AI chips will be used in smartphones, but the market is expanding to other consumer devices as well as enterprise applications like robots and IoT sensors. This transition enables more AI capabilities even without an internet connection and improves privacy by keeping data on-device.
This document compares the 3G and WiFi technologies for providing broadband wireless internet access. 3G refers to third generation mobile networks designed for integrated voice and data services, while WiFi refers to the 802.11 wireless Ethernet standard for wireless local area networks (LANs). Both technologies have attracted attention as candidates for dominant platforms for broadband wireless access, though they differ in industry origins and design goals. The document discusses similarities between the technologies as wireless access platforms, as well as differences in business models, spectrum policy, and stage of technical development. It concludes that both are likely to succeed, with 3G and WiFi complementing each other in network integration while WiFi also provides potential competition through lower entry costs.
#CIPRsm (CIPR Social Media Panel) - Mobile and Public RelationsCIPRsm
This document discusses how mobile communications and mobile-oriented social media is changing public relations. It provides a brief history of mobile technology development from early voice-only phones to today's multimedia smartphones and tablets. It then covers various topics related to how PR professionals need to adapt their strategies to incorporate mobile digital channels and content, including using mobile for internal communications, events, and journalism. The document aims to highlight both challenges and opportunities that mobile presents for the PR industry.
System Support for Integrated Desktop Video ConferencingVideoguy
This document discusses the system requirements for integrated desktop video conferencing on networked workstations. It identifies key requirements such as:
1) Media-intensive applications need to be able to distribute parts of themselves across multiple devices.
2) Applications need support for locating and referencing people, media devices, and conferences by name on the network.
3) Applications that allow remote access, like video conferencing, require security services to protect live communication streams.
NEDAS DC Educational Summit - the Era of Convergence - Presentation DeckIlissa Miller
This document summarizes a summit on in-building wireless held on October 2, 2013 at the Kellogg Conference Hotel. It provides statistics on the growth of the distributed antenna system (DAS) and small cell industry, noting these technologies are important for improving indoor wireless coverage and capacity. It also discusses challenges like obtaining power, real estate and backhaul for these systems. The document concludes that macro cells, small cells and DAS need to work together to provide better overall wireless service, and small cell deployments are expected to grow significantly in the coming years.
This document discusses the direction of 5G evolution and 6G mobile communication technologies. It outlines considerations for 5G evolution, including improving millimeter wave coverage and uplink performance for industrial use cases. It then discusses expectations for 6G technologies in the 2030s, such as solving social problems, advanced cyber-physical fusion, and the need for ubiquitous high-speed connectivity everywhere. Key requirements for 6G are identified, such as extreme high data rates over 100Gbps, low latency, massive connectivity, and coverage in all environments including sky, sea and space. Use cases like high-fidelity sensory services and real-time data transmission for industry and AI are presented.
The document discusses the results of a survey about U.S. consumers' awareness and use of cloud services. It finds that younger, wealthier consumers who own smartphones and tablets are most aware of and using personal cloud services. While over 50% of smartphone and PC owners use cloud services, overall familiarity remains low, with cost, security, and trust in providers being top barriers. Younger mobile users are less concerned with these barriers. The market for consumer cloud services is large but still nascent, with awareness and simple, robust offerings from providers needed to drive further adoption.
Brian pickering introduction to seserv - seserv se workshop june 2012ictseserv
This document discusses socio-economic issues related to the future internet. It explores perspectives from both researchers who study the internet and technologists who build the internet. Some key topics discussed include converged networks and internet-connected devices, online identity and privacy, challenges around infrastructure control and regulation, and who the important stakeholders are in these areas.
The document discusses Intel's Digital Community Initiative and Solution Starter Kit Program. It provides an overview of the growing digital community environment and shift to mobile technology. The Solution Starter Kit is presented as a modular and scalable reference solution to help communities deploy digital/wireless infrastructure and mobile applications. The program aims to develop partnerships to drive adoption of mobilized solutions for government, businesses, and citizens.
Future-Sat Africa, June 2016_concept documentAdrian Hall
Extensia's inaugural Satellite summit, scheduled for June 2016 in South Africa, will focus on satellite playing an essential role in Africa’s future digital communications strategy across all sectors.
A book which covers all available telecom systems, shows inter-relationships, and also covers aspects of data communications and some aspects of IT Infrastructure. Useful guide to practising professionals and to students wishing to build a career in these fields in industry.l
This document provides an overview of Bluetooth technology. It discusses the need for Bluetooth due to the proliferation of electronic devices and desire for wireless connectivity. Bluetooth allows devices within 10 meters to connect without wires using short-range radio transmission. It operates in the 2.4GHz spectrum and uses frequency hopping to avoid interference. Bluetooth devices are organized into piconets, with one device acting as the master and up to seven acting as slaves. Multiple piconets can interconnect to form scatternets, allowing flexible device networks. The document outlines the Bluetooth protocol stack and layers, including the baseband, L2CAP, RFCOMM and other layers that handle different aspects of connectivity and communication.
Wireless communication has changed our lives in many ways. It has allowed for increased connectivity through mobile devices and wireless applications. This paper will review the history of wireless communication technology from its early generations to recent advancements. It will provide an overview of how wireless communication has evolved through technologies like satellites, Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi to revolutionize and connect our world.
Future of connectivity An initial perspective by Hossein Moiin, EVP and CTO a...Future Agenda
An initial perspective on the future of connectivity by Hossein Moiin, EVP and CTO at Nokia Networks. This is the starting point for the global future agenda discussions taking place through 2015 as part of the the futureagenda2.0 programme. www.futureagenda.org
Economic impacts of submarine fiber optic cables and broadband connectivity i...Fola Odufuwa
Subsea cables are the global backbone of the Internet, connecting people, businesses, and economies around the world. They connect us to the cloud, deliver streaming video, and increase efficiency and productivity for business. Subsea cables’ importance is all the more apparent during the Covid19 pandemic when many of us have switched to working from home, remote learning, and online gaming and entertainment.
We studied the economic impacts from subsea cables that arrived in Nigeria (e.g., WACS) to understand how they changed the economy. Improved connectivity led to increases in internet usage and decreases in costs, but infrastructure and affordability challenges meant that impacts were limited to select urban areas. Our results signal the promise connectivity improvements could have in other parts of the country.
The document discusses developments and future trends in satellite communication technologies over the past 25 years. It describes how satellite communication has enabled global connectivity and information sharing. It outlines various current and emerging satellite services and applications. It envisions future satellites having digital switching capabilities, inter-satellite links, and the ability to seamlessly integrate with terrestrial networks to provide ubiquitous broadband access globally.
This document discusses the history and growth of internet usage in India. It notes that internet access first became available in India in 1995, accessed primarily through slow dial-up connections. Usage expanded in the late 1990s and 2000s with improvements in speeds and declines in costs. The growth of mobile internet beginning in the late 2000s further expanded access, especially in rural areas. The internet now accounts for an estimated 3-5% of India's GDP, a figure expected to continue growing rapidly with further expansion of e-commerce, digital payments, entertainment, and other internet-based services and industries.
A partnership between Neo-Sky, Satlynx, and Cisco Systems developed an innovative solution to provide high-speed internet access to rural areas of Spain using a combination of satellite and wireless technologies. Two pilot projects in Somiedo, Asturias and Molina de Aragon used satellites to beam an internet signal that was distributed to local businesses via Cisco's wireless network. This provided rural communities with broadband access at costs similar to urban DSL. The successful pilots demonstrated the viability of using emerging technologies to connect remote areas and help drive local economic development.
Moratelindo is an Indonesian telecommunications infrastructure provider that owns over 10,000 km of fiber optic cable and 5 data centers across Indonesia. The presentation discusses broadband market trends, defines the broadband ecosystem, and outlines Moratelindo's strategy to develop its network and services in line with market segmentation as both a provider of fiber infrastructure and data center facilities, and as a one-stop ICT solutions company.
Javier salcedo cloud computing - seserv se workshop june 2012ictseserv
This document discusses cloud computing and the challenges of cloud adoption. It notes that while technology is now mainstream, consumer demand is driving innovation at an accelerating pace. However, widespread adoption of cloud services in businesses faces significant hurdles around security, legacy systems, lock-in effects and developing standardized service level agreements. The document advocates for enabling cloud ecosystems, improving interoperability, and hybrid cloud models to facilitate progressive onboarding of businesses to the cloud.
TOWARDS FUTURE 4G MOBILE NETWORKS: A REAL-WORLD IMS TESTBEDijngnjournal
In the near future, current mobile communication networks will converge towards an All-IP network in order to provide richer applications, stronger customer satisfaction, andfurther return on investment for the industry. However, such a convergence induces a strong level of complexity when handling interoperability between different operators and different handset vendors. In this context, the 3GPP consortium is working on the standardization of the convergence, and IMS is emerging as the internationally agreed upon standard that is multi-operator and multi-vendor. In this paper, we shed further light on the subtleties of IMS, and we delineate a blueprint for the implementation of a real-world
IMS testbed. An open source Presence Server is deployed as well. The operation of the IMS testbed and the Presence Server are checked to assess their conformance with 3GPP standards. A simple third party application is developed on top the IMS testbed to further assess its operation.
Edge AI chips are specialized chips that perform machine learning tasks directly on devices rather than in remote data centers. Deloitte predicts that over 750 million edge AI chips will be sold in 2020, more than double the previous forecast, with continued high growth expected through 2024. Most edge AI chips will be used in smartphones, but the market is expanding to other consumer devices as well as enterprise applications like robots and IoT sensors. This transition enables more AI capabilities even without an internet connection and improves privacy by keeping data on-device.
This document compares the 3G and WiFi technologies for providing broadband wireless internet access. 3G refers to third generation mobile networks designed for integrated voice and data services, while WiFi refers to the 802.11 wireless Ethernet standard for wireless local area networks (LANs). Both technologies have attracted attention as candidates for dominant platforms for broadband wireless access, though they differ in industry origins and design goals. The document discusses similarities between the technologies as wireless access platforms, as well as differences in business models, spectrum policy, and stage of technical development. It concludes that both are likely to succeed, with 3G and WiFi complementing each other in network integration while WiFi also provides potential competition through lower entry costs.
#CIPRsm (CIPR Social Media Panel) - Mobile and Public RelationsCIPRsm
This document discusses how mobile communications and mobile-oriented social media is changing public relations. It provides a brief history of mobile technology development from early voice-only phones to today's multimedia smartphones and tablets. It then covers various topics related to how PR professionals need to adapt their strategies to incorporate mobile digital channels and content, including using mobile for internal communications, events, and journalism. The document aims to highlight both challenges and opportunities that mobile presents for the PR industry.
System Support for Integrated Desktop Video ConferencingVideoguy
This document discusses the system requirements for integrated desktop video conferencing on networked workstations. It identifies key requirements such as:
1) Media-intensive applications need to be able to distribute parts of themselves across multiple devices.
2) Applications need support for locating and referencing people, media devices, and conferences by name on the network.
3) Applications that allow remote access, like video conferencing, require security services to protect live communication streams.
NEDAS DC Educational Summit - the Era of Convergence - Presentation DeckIlissa Miller
This document summarizes a summit on in-building wireless held on October 2, 2013 at the Kellogg Conference Hotel. It provides statistics on the growth of the distributed antenna system (DAS) and small cell industry, noting these technologies are important for improving indoor wireless coverage and capacity. It also discusses challenges like obtaining power, real estate and backhaul for these systems. The document concludes that macro cells, small cells and DAS need to work together to provide better overall wireless service, and small cell deployments are expected to grow significantly in the coming years.
This document discusses the direction of 5G evolution and 6G mobile communication technologies. It outlines considerations for 5G evolution, including improving millimeter wave coverage and uplink performance for industrial use cases. It then discusses expectations for 6G technologies in the 2030s, such as solving social problems, advanced cyber-physical fusion, and the need for ubiquitous high-speed connectivity everywhere. Key requirements for 6G are identified, such as extreme high data rates over 100Gbps, low latency, massive connectivity, and coverage in all environments including sky, sea and space. Use cases like high-fidelity sensory services and real-time data transmission for industry and AI are presented.
The document discusses the results of a survey about U.S. consumers' awareness and use of cloud services. It finds that younger, wealthier consumers who own smartphones and tablets are most aware of and using personal cloud services. While over 50% of smartphone and PC owners use cloud services, overall familiarity remains low, with cost, security, and trust in providers being top barriers. Younger mobile users are less concerned with these barriers. The market for consumer cloud services is large but still nascent, with awareness and simple, robust offerings from providers needed to drive further adoption.
Brian pickering introduction to seserv - seserv se workshop june 2012ictseserv
This document discusses socio-economic issues related to the future internet. It explores perspectives from both researchers who study the internet and technologists who build the internet. Some key topics discussed include converged networks and internet-connected devices, online identity and privacy, challenges around infrastructure control and regulation, and who the important stakeholders are in these areas.
The document discusses Intel's Digital Community Initiative and Solution Starter Kit Program. It provides an overview of the growing digital community environment and shift to mobile technology. The Solution Starter Kit is presented as a modular and scalable reference solution to help communities deploy digital/wireless infrastructure and mobile applications. The program aims to develop partnerships to drive adoption of mobilized solutions for government, businesses, and citizens.
Future-Sat Africa, June 2016_concept documentAdrian Hall
Extensia's inaugural Satellite summit, scheduled for June 2016 in South Africa, will focus on satellite playing an essential role in Africa’s future digital communications strategy across all sectors.
A book which covers all available telecom systems, shows inter-relationships, and also covers aspects of data communications and some aspects of IT Infrastructure. Useful guide to practising professionals and to students wishing to build a career in these fields in industry.l
This document provides an overview of Bluetooth technology. It discusses the need for Bluetooth due to the proliferation of electronic devices and desire for wireless connectivity. Bluetooth allows devices within 10 meters to connect without wires using short-range radio transmission. It operates in the 2.4GHz spectrum and uses frequency hopping to avoid interference. Bluetooth devices are organized into piconets, with one device acting as the master and up to seven acting as slaves. Multiple piconets can interconnect to form scatternets, allowing flexible device networks. The document outlines the Bluetooth protocol stack and layers, including the baseband, L2CAP, RFCOMM and other layers that handle different aspects of connectivity and communication.
Wireless communication has changed our lives in many ways. It has allowed for increased connectivity through mobile devices and wireless applications. This paper will review the history of wireless communication technology from its early generations to recent advancements. It will provide an overview of how wireless communication has evolved through technologies like satellites, Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi to revolutionize and connect our world.
Future of connectivity An initial perspective by Hossein Moiin, EVP and CTO a...Future Agenda
An initial perspective on the future of connectivity by Hossein Moiin, EVP and CTO at Nokia Networks. This is the starting point for the global future agenda discussions taking place through 2015 as part of the the futureagenda2.0 programme. www.futureagenda.org
1) 5G technology is the next generation of mobile networks that will provide significantly higher bandwidth and connectivity compared to previous generations. It aims to support up to 1 terabit per second data speeds and nearly instantaneous connectivity.
2) 5G faces many challenges to achieve its goals, such as providing 1000 times greater wireless capacity, 90% reduced energy usage per service, and seamless connectivity between vast numbers of wireless devices.
3) While 5G specifications are still being developed, it is expected to enable new applications through ultra-fast speeds and connectivity between devices, people, and smart infrastructure. Many countries are heavily investing in 5G research due to its projected high demand and potential economic impact.
This document provides an introduction to ad hoc networking. It discusses how mobile computing devices are increasingly being used and how users expect to remain connected to applications and the internet at all times. Ad hoc networks allow wireless devices to directly communicate even when no centralized infrastructure or routers are present by forming a multi-hop network between devices. The document outlines a general model of operation for ad hoc networks and discusses factors like symmetric vs asymmetric links and proactive vs reactive routing protocols.
5G Mobile Communication Technology: An OverviewIRJET Journal
This document provides an overview of 5G mobile communication technology. It discusses the evolution of mobile technologies from 1G to 5G and the key features of each generation. 5G aims to provide data bandwidth of 1Gbps or higher to support applications requiring high data rates, low latency and reliability. It will enable new applications through its ability to interconnect many devices, including autonomous vehicles and devices with artificial intelligence capabilities. The 5G network architecture is being designed to be cloud-native using network function virtualization and software-defined networking to allow deployment on shared cloud infrastructure.
Wireless communication technology takes a leap about every ten years, and every generation has fundamentally changed the world. For the next-generation 5G communications technology, the industry's more consistent goal is to achieve commercial deployment in 2020. In 2015, the global development of 5G technology entered a crucial period for technical R&D and standardization preparation. It has completed the key content of the 5th generation of mobile communication naming, vision, and timetable, and initiated the 5G standard before this year. Compared to previous generations of networks, 5G will play a bigger role - create a connection framework for everything.
5G will enable 1,000-fold gains in network capacity and connections for 100 billion devices. It will provide 10 Gbps speeds and extremely low latency. 5G networks using new and evolved wireless technologies will emerge between 2020-2030. Breakthroughs in 5G will drive economic and societal growth through capabilities like zero-distance connectivity between people and machines.
5G wireless networks will support 1,000-fold gains
in capacity, connections for at least 100 billion
devices, and a 10 Gb/s individual user experience
capable of extremely low latency and response times.
Deployment of these networks will emerge between
2020 and 2030.
This document discusses NTT DOCOMO's 5G white paper on 5G radio access requirements, concepts, and technologies. It outlines the need for 5G due to growing mobile data usage and new services. 5G aims to meet stringent requirements including 100x higher system capacity, 100x more connected devices, near real-time latency under 1ms, and 100x typical user data rates. The white paper explores technical components to achieve this vision such as phantom cells, flexible duplexing, waveform design, massive MIMO, and non-orthogonal multiple access. It also highlights DOCOMO's 5G field trials and pre-standardization activities to enable an initial 5G deployment for the 2020 Tokyo Olympics.
This document discusses NTT DOCOMO's views on 5G mobile network requirements, concepts, and technologies. It outlines the need for 5G networks to support 1000x higher capacity, 100x more connected devices, and 1ms latency to enable new services like remote monitoring, augmented reality, and high resolution video. DOCOMO proposes a dual-layer 5G network using both existing lower bands for coverage and new higher bands for capacity. Key 5G technologies include exploiting massive MIMO, new waveforms, and non-orthogonal multiple access to achieve these goals and integrate lower and higher frequency bands.
This document discusses NTT DOCOMO's vision for 5G mobile networks. It outlines key market trends driving the need for 5G, including growth in mobile data traffic and new wireless services. The document then presents DOCOMO's 5G requirements, including achieving 100x higher system capacity, 100x higher data rates, support for 100x more connected devices, reduced latency under 1ms, and energy/cost savings. Technical components for 5G discussed include phantom cells, flexible duplexing, waveform design, massive MIMO and non-orthogonal multiple access. DOCOMO is conducting field trials with vendors toward an initial 5G deployment for the 2020 Tokyo Olympics.
5G wireless networks will support massive connectivity and capacity increases to enable new technologies and applications between 2020 and 2030. 5G will realize ultra-fast and low latency connectivity for both people and devices through advanced wireless technologies built upon existing standards like LTE as well as new radio access technologies. Key technology drivers for 5G include developments in mobile broadband speeds, spectrum and infrastructure to support applications like smart cities, industrial automation, and virtual and augmented reality.
The Next IT: A Preview of Tomorrows Innovations and Challengesnbelarbi
This article discusses possible future Information Technology innovations based on current trends. We present three concepts that will likely shape future services and impact corporations, markets and societies: Hyper-Connectivity, Social/Semantic Web, Saas/Cloud computing and Micro-eEconomy.
5G will bring significantly higher data rates and lower latency compared to previous generations of wireless technology. It will enable a wide range of new applications and services by supporting connectivity for billions of devices. 5G networks will integrate both new and existing radio technologies to achieve this, including technologies like massive MIMO antennas and expanding operations into new spectrum bands. While the full 5G ecosystem is still being developed, it has the potential to disrupt many industries and business models through its dramatically improved connectivity capabilities.
How three wireless technologies will soon ignite the edge computing revolutionAbaram Network Solutions
This document discusses how three emerging wireless technologies - 5G, Wi-Fi 6, and Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) - are poised to enable edge computing and transform enterprise networking in 2020 and beyond. These technologies will allow for distributed processing of data closer to its source, guaranteed bandwidth for critical applications, and private wireless networks without licensed spectrum. Early adopters like Arizona State University are building campus networks leveraging these technologies to power new IoT and edge computing use cases.
An Internet of Things blueprint for a smarter worldMarc Jadoul
Published October, 2015
This white paper discusses how to leverage machine-to-machine communications, big data analytics and the cloud to power a smarter world and monetize the Internet of Things.
The document summarizes 10 trends that will shape the telecom sector by 2020:
1) Rise of cloud services and decentralized computing requiring reliable connectivity. Cloud computing market size is expected to grow to $241 billion by 2020.
2) Smartphones will have trans-flexive displays, real-time focusing cameras, and micro-batteries lasting 1000 times longer than current batteries. Phones may be separate from wearable screens.
3) Wireless infrastructure investments in TD-LTE macrocells and small cells will grow at 15% CAGR reaching $13 billion by 2020, with 1 billion subscriptions generating $230 billion in revenues.
4) Mobile traffic is expected to grow 33 times from 2010
Customer needs more from the innovation. The innovation which are use resemble TV, Clothes washer, cooler, Mobile Phones. The most needed element of web is acceptable execution and quicker access. The Cellular Subscriber pay extra for the moment include and the entrance of web on their telephones. To help such ground breaking framework we need fast remote network. A remote innovation is bow quick nowadays. An as of late wired system was expected to get on the web. These days, Mobile systems are progressed in last four decades. The cell idea which was present with 1G where G represents age organize. It has increments quicker from age to age, which are 1G,2G,3G, lastly come to 4G. Pradnya Pramod Mohite "5G System-Trends & Development" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30411.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-network/30411/5g-systemtrends-and-development/pradnya-pramod-mohite
MACQUARIE UNIVERSITY ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING 1Future Tech W.docxinfantsuk
MACQUARIE UNIVERSITY ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING 1
Future Tech Wireless Communications
Umair Rehman
ENGG200 - Introduction to Professional Engineering
Macquarie University NSW 2013 Australia
[email protected]
3 May 2013
Abstract—Wireless Communication is the most important
development of its time. A decade ago who would have thought
of there would be no hassle of the wires and technology would
actually become wireless. The aim of the report is to compare
how wireless technology has been developed with time and now
how fast and easy it is compared to its past position. The results
of the research show that engineers make advancements and
surprise the audience. They are and will always surprise the
new generation of their time and that is also the future vision of
Microsoft.
I. INTRODUCTION
M ICROSOFT is one of the few corporations, whichare always found in the list of the leaders of the
computer technology. William H. Gates established it in 1975
and since then Microsoft has been known for its inventions
and innovations and now recently they put forward their
future vision of productivity. According to the videos they
released, technology is everywhere. They believe that within
5-10 years everything will be replaced by technology, which
would be fast and user friendly. A decade ago who would have
thought that there would be a time when technology would
be wireless. Wireless communication is when information
or any sort of data is being transferred from one point to
another without any physical attachment. Distances can be
short, such as a few meters for television remote control, or
as far as thousands or even millions of kilometers for deep-
space radio communications. It encompasses various types
of fixed, mobile, and portable applications, including two-
way radios, cellular telephones, personal digital assistants, and
wireless networking. Other examples of wireless technology
include GPS units, garage door openers, wireless computer
mice, keyboards and headsets, headphones, radio receivers,
satellite television, broadcast television, broadcast television
and cordless telephones. [1, ]
II. MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATIONS
A. Advancement of Mobile Wireless Internet
Advancement is a gradual process. Wireless communication
is on the process for some time now. 2G were developed
for voice communications. It was for sending data over 2G
channels by using modem. It provided adat rates in the order
of 9.6 kbps. Then after a while 3G systems were introduced.
Its goal was for voice and data transmission, multi-megabit
Internet access, voice-activated calls, and multimedia content.
CDMA system evolved to CDMA2000. GSM, IS-136 and
PDC evolved to W-CDMA (wideband CDMA)(also called
UMTS). It had up to 2.048 Mbps data-rates. 4G mobile
technologies is the mobile race to innovation. Wireless systems
were further improved and 4G systems came into being. It is
best known for its seamless mobility (roaming). It allows to
roam freely from one standard to another, ...
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Network 2020: Connecting Everyone to Everything
1. WHITE PAPER
Network 2020: Connecting
Everyone to Everything
Communications Then and Now Going forward, networks
2010 marked the dawn of a new era in communications. While the past decade has seen will not only connect people
innovations that have opened up global communication and commerce, it was just a warm up
for what will come in the next decade. Networks will evolve to support an insatiable appetite to people, but people to
for constant communication, information, and entertainment. And, over the next 10 years, machines and machines to
everyone and everything will be connected—everywhere. machines—creating billions
It’s unimaginable that just 10 years ago, mobile phones and Internet access were limited to the of potential nodes on this
privileged few. In fact, the percentage of users worldwide who had a mobile phone or access to the
Internet was near the single digits. Being relatively new technologies to consumers, mobile phones and
increasingly valuable grid.
the Internet had limited functionality. Mobile phones were restricted to voice and text messages, while
most users still accessed the Internet through dial-up connections.
With the turn of the century, these communication technologies started to evolve
in ways that forever changed how users connect with the world. Broadband
quickly replaced slower dial-up connections. In wireless technology, NTT DoCoMo 80
in Japan launched the first commercial 3G network, bringing data capabilities to Mobile
Phone
the mobile phone. 60
Ten years later, users—from consumers to enterprises—see broadband and wireless
technologies as integral to what they do every day. Consumers and workers expect 40
an “always on” connection to their world, whether that’s the ability to instantly share Internet
photos with friends across the country or analyzing supply chain issues in near real- Users
20
time from virtually anywhere around the world. Businesses and governments realize
the value of networks to provide solutions to many of their greatest challenges,
especially integrating systems and users both inside and outside the company walls. 0
2000 2005 2009
Fundamental to innovation in communications are networks. The past decade Figure 1. Global Penetration Rates
saw significant advancements; innovation in the next decade promises to be just
as impactful. The boundaries between wired and wireless will all but disappear In the year 2000, the global penetration rate for
as bandwidth capabilities increase. And, networks will offer more flexibility so mobile phones was just 12 percent and only 6
organizations will respond much faster to shifting business needs, with the ability percent for the Internet. In 2009, worldwide mobile
to set up custom solutions in hours instead of months. penetration was at 67 percent and 26 percent for
the Internet.1
Over the next decade, successful IT leaders will be the ones who pay close attention
to consumer communication and network technology trends as these shape both
1
Measuring the Information Society 2010, International
the workplace and the marketplace. Users will expect the same experience wherever
Telecommunication Union
they are, with whatever they are doing. This expectation will drive the need for new www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/publications/idi/2010/index.html
solutions, creating new opportunities for organizations that respond. Broadband,
wireless, and global IP technologies will be at the heart of global economic growth.
1
2. Network 2020: Connecting Everyone to Everything
Network Evolution: The Next 10 Years
To meet future needs, today’s networks are already undergoing major changes. Advancements in the
way technology components relate, including moving toward a more service-oriented architecture,
provide increased bandwidth flexibility, more rapid provisioning of network services, and put much
more control in the hands of the enterprise. These network changes, along with user demand, produce
trends that reduce the challenges of today and introduce new solutions for tomorrow.
Increasingly Intelligent Networks
To enable major, new communication capabilities, intelligence will be embedded in networks. Embedded
intelligence will make network control more automated, dynamic, and flexible. In the coming decade,
communication between network components won’t be tightly tied to specific hardware, but will instead reside
in an interoperable standards-based control layer so that newly-added network components, like switches
and multiplexers, can signal themselves to the other network components, allowing dynamic configuration.
Networks are moving towards being more effectively application aware. This means they will
provide different service levels, depending on the application. Application-aware Virtual Private
Network (VPN) tools enable organizations to achieve prioritized levels of performance for Private IP
network applications such as VoIP, enterprise resource planning (ERP), and video. The proper network
assessment, reporting, dynamic bandwidth, and packet-marking tools let organizations closely monitor
performance, make adjustments, and achieve cost efficiencies.
Over the next 10 years, networks will become more resilient as their self-healing capabilities become
more sophisticated and effective. Mesh networks will be pervasive throughout the world. They will
provide automatic restoration and real-time management of voice and data traffic by intelligently
rerouting traffic around any damaged components to another point in the mesh. The mesh network also
will provide predictable and more acceptable latency, improving performance times when compared to
the past, where breaks in the network may have caused service to be seriously degraded or unavailable.
With mesh networks, it will be much faster for data sent from its entry point in the network to reach its
The development of private IP
destination in the event of a network disruption than it has been using SONET ring technology. networking, particularly with
Verizon is the first network provider to deploy undersea cable mesh technology, providing seven-way regards to application-aware
route diversity in the Pacific and across the Atlantic. In 2009, an earthquake and subsequent tsunami networking, is accelerating
damaged 10 sub-marine cable systems in more than 20 locations in the Asia-Pacific region. Verizon’s at a much greater rate than
global mesh network operated exactly as designed, rerouting traffic within milliseconds of the multiple
cable breaks, finding the best paths for the highest quality restoration of traffic. public IP and there is currently
Going forward, a new generation of application-aware networking services will launch, enabling
no sign of this changing.i
networks to sense and dynamically adapt its resources to the needs of applications running over them.
Pervasive Bandwidth
In the years ahead, multimedia applications will continue to increase. The surge includes 3-D video,
video sharing, video monitoring, conferencing, and streaming—all in higher definition than is possible
today. As an example of the trend, a 2010 volcanic eruption in Iceland caused a sharp rise in video
conferencing. Globally, mobile data traffic will double every year through 2014, and will grow to 3.6
exabytes per month.ii The increased volume will cause data traffic to skyrocket and require capacity
not currently available.
In the past, bandwidth available to a user at a given site was available only in coarse increments,
selected at the time of provisioning. Enterprises upgrading to higher capacity faced costly projects
that could take months to plan and implement. Increasingly, network technologies such as bandwidth
deployment over fiber optic cables and via Ethernet access networks will allow rapid upgrades often
without the need for long projects, costly site visits, and physical construction projects.
On-demand bandwidth capability is available today, though not yet widely used. Over the next
decade, use will increase dramatically. Organizations will still need to be conscious of bandwidth needs
when designing networks, but will find that the flexibility after the initial deployment is far greater.
Greater flexibility allows easy adjustments that more readily meet changing business needs.
The growth of bandwidth-intensive applications will make dynamic and on-demand bandwidth
capabilities routine. In many cases, businesses will be able to upgrade bandwidth almost instantly,
2
3. Network 2020: Connecting Everyone to Everything
without human intervention, triggered by consumption patterns and parameters set in advance.
Organizations may pay for underlying capacity and then peak bandwidth and data transfer utilization,
in a model similar to today’s commercial electricity suppliers.
Wireless will realize the most impactful bandwidth milestone. Fourth-generation (4G) wireless
networks will bring broadband capacity to mobile devices at rates approaching, and potentially
surpassing, 10 times the current capacity. The first commercial 4G wireless network was deployed in
Scandinavia in late 2009 using Long Term Evolution (LTE) technology, and large scale deployments
began in the U.S. in 2010. LTE not only provides customers with true broadband speeds, it will also
embed wireless connections in cars, buildings, machines, and appliances—enabling what some
people call the “Internet of things.”
Verizon Wireless was among the first carriers in the U.S. to launch LTE. Trials in Boston and Seattle
demonstrate the network is capable of peak download speeds of 40 to 50 megabits per second (Mbps)
and peak upload speeds of 20 to 25 Mbps, though average, real-world rates are expected to be 5 to 12
Mbps on the downlink and 2 to 5 Mbps on the uplink. Based on internal estimates, aggregate growth
in wireless data carried by Verizon will skyrocket after LTE is deployed, with an increase of more than
2,000 percent between now and the end of 2014.
Pervasive IP Connectivity
As technology platforms continue to evolve, the barriers between wireless and wired networks and
devices around the world will eventually disappear. Consumers and businesses will expect their
applications to move seamlessly between platforms, no matter which network they’re connected to
at the moment. And they’ll demand access to all of their content—regardless of where it’s stored—
anytime, anywhere, and on any device.
This trend is already underway with fixed mobile convergence (FMC), where mobile phones
transparently switch a voice call in progress between the cellular network and VoIP. The goal of FMC
is to provide a seamless transition of voice, data, and even video communications between different
types of networks, no matter the location or what device is used, providing the user with an optimized,
always available experience. Soon it will be commonplace to continually watch a television show or
video presentation while moving between devices.
The move toward 4G technology is pushing networks closer toward FMC. In the near term, LTE will
enable billions, perhaps trillions, of devices to connect. Wireless sensors will then integrate everyday
items, such as household appliances and medical monitoring equipment and businesses will widely
deploy Machine to Machine (M2M) wireless communications solutions to track assets, remotely
monitor inventory, and ensure that distant equipment is operating properly. These types of sensors will
provide data that suggest the need for proactive maintenance, or instantly report service interruptions.
LTE will also enable a new generation of broadband to wireless applications.
At the 2010 Consumer Electronics Show, Verizon demonstrated a small, handheld tablet device that
streamed the movie “Up” in 1080p over LTE at 4 Mbps. Verizon also demonstrated live, high-quality
videoconferencing over LTE using portable units from Creative Labs.
Everything as a Service
Today, IT leaders are embracing cloud-based services. What initially began as software as a service
(SaaS), cloud services grew to include more types of services, such as applications, servers, software,
data center space, storage, and network equipment. Some of the significant benefits to using
virtualized infrastructure are reduced capital costs and less IT support to administer, compared to
traditional approaches.
In 2020, it’s predicted that business processes and functions will decouple from their technology
components. The underlying technical architecture will be invisible to users and, just like electricity,
users will “just turn it on” and not worry about how it works. Standards will continue to progress to
allow different technologies to operate seamlessly. Security will remain a concern but will evolve with
more security approaches built into the network service components, reducing the burden on both
companies and end users.
3
4. Network 2020: Connecting Everyone to Everything
Over the next several years, most software applications will become cloud-based. This will be true
for both consumer and enterprise applications. End-user computers will resemble more of today’s
netbooks or tablets, and will be used as a device to connect to cloud services—public or private. No
longer will users need to download and install software applications, as they will be accessed and
managed by the cloud provider. While companies and individuals will still be involved in planning for
their needs, in the way they might plan for the electricity capacity needed for a new office or factory,
communications service providers will handle the execution on a day-to-day basis.
The pricing model for software and applications will also change by 2020. Today, most software is
priced based on the number of servers or users. But pricing will evolve to a true usage-based model,
reflecting actual usage and offering easier scalability. This type of pricing gives IT and business leaders
more visibility and control over budgets and spending, tying expenses directly to the business value.
Most connected devices
will have “direct access to
Extending the cloud model beyond the typical software as a service and computing as a service
paradigms, Verizon Business recently began offering a direct connection option functionality to web-based cloud content
content-delivery network providers (CDNs) as part of its Partner Port Program. CDNs deposit consumer- and applications.” iii
focused content directly to the Verizon Internet backbone network at regional carrier “hotels” without
the need for connections that use longer, less direct, and often costly middlemen architectures that
involve multiple connections, or “hops,” among multiple carriers.
Purpose-built Solutions
A trend in the next decade will be purpose-built networks that solve particular business requirements.
By separating the network functions or services from the technology, businesses can specify a custom
network to suit particular business needs. In the past, a physical network would have been built to
accomplish this. Virtualization of these services will make it possible to create a logical network without
building a physical network.
The industry is moving away from the slow and awkward methods of adding point-to-point links that
result in a tangle of lines and excess equipment. Many are choosing VPNs that run over the public
Internet or private clouds based on Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) network technologies. VPNs
and private clouds let organizations customize their network solution by specifying the type and level
of security required to meet the business and regulatory needs, the bandwidth required, and the data
storage features.
Through 2020, the VPN and private cloud trends will continue. While lingering concerns about availability
and security will encourage many enterprises to participate in private cloud-based interconnections
for key relationships, the flexibility of Internet-based connections have enormous and growing appeal.
However, even in industries like financial services, where the largest players tend to be late adopters of
many technologies, a marked shift away from physical private networks and toward MPLS-based private
cloud networks exists.
It’s not too difficult to imagine different types of virtual industry markets and exchanges developing as a
result of the expected changes. On the energy horizon is smart grid. By providing two-way communication
between the user and the utility company, and between utility companies, an energy market is taking
shape that allows more fluid pricing, encouraging high value conservation at times of peak demand, and
will let users sell electricity to other users. In the healthcare field, health information exchanges are forming
as a way to securely share patient information across different medical facilities. These exchanges help
doctors avoid repeat patient tests, reduce missing patient data, and increase the quality of care.
Early in 2009, Nasdaq OMX selected to move to an open connectivity model for its Nordic markets
by replacing its proprietary participant network with the Verizon Financial Network (VFN). The VFN
is a dedicated and purpose-built business infrastructure specifically designed to share market data
and execute timely trades. VFN offers financial services customers a fully end-to-end managed and
supported, highly scalable and low latency interface to the financial services ecosystem.
4
5. Network 2020: Connecting Everyone to Everything
The Network of Tomorrow
By the year 2020, communications networks will be an even more integral part of everyday life than
they are today, both at home and in the workplace. Network-driven technology will be a key enabler of
daily activities, yet it will become more transparent to the user. No longer will the user care about how
it works—just that it works.
The network of tomorrow will produce a hyper-connected environment. Intelligence will be built into
the fabric of everything imaginable—and some things not yet imagined—all enabled by pervasive
communications technologies. While many of the advancements that will be commonplace in 2020
are already taking shape, a few advancements seem to be straight out of a science fiction novel. These
innovations will impact everyone and everything. For example:
• Apparel. Various wearable devices such as glasses or visors with built-in cameras and video displays
will both record and transmit information. Inconspicuous displays will send streaming information
to the user, such as a restaurant menu as a diner walks by a restaurant or tech support through a
virtual reality demonstration. Gaming vests will provide forced feedback as part of an augmented
reality experience.
• Home. The fiber-enabled smart home will be a platform for managing every function of the digital
ecosystem, from home security and energy management to medical monitoring, telework and
distance learning. Refrigerators will have a touch surface that displays grocery lists and coupons, and
the ability to track contents for real time ”inventory” control. Even carpets will be smarter, tracking
the health of the elderly by sensing erratic movements that may predict a fall.
• Energy. Household appliances can already be remotely controlled to run at off-peak times. San
Diego Gas and Electric found that if 80 percent of its customers used their washers and dryers at
off-peak times, it could eliminate two power plants.iv Energy pricing will become dynamic, changing
in real-time, motivating users to be more energy efficient.
• Healthcare. A patient’s wireless device will receive reminders about medication and therapy,
in-home devices will provide daily monitoring of vital statistics for preventative care, and patients
will consult with out-of-town doctors and specialists over high-definition 3-D video connections.
Many people will have body sensors, tiny wireless devices intended to track their vital signs.
• Government. City-centric applications will report traffic and parking conditions using GPS-enabled
sensors that provide real-time notifications for public transit, and even monitor the city’s air and
water quality. Crime detection will be aided with context-aware video surveillance that reports
unusual activity. Civil services will be tailored to the individual, supported by the full integration of
government systems.
• Enterprise. Using the cloud model, traditional businesses will sell their internal capabilities as services
that are separate and distinct from their regular business offering, just as Amazon does today with
their Web-store infrastructure. RFID tags will become multifunctional sensors that not only provide
item location but also item health, which is useful for tracking food shipment. The percentage of
teleworkers and “digital nomads” with no fixed regular work location will grow significantly, with the
ability to work and video conference on one device that can connect anywhere.
The combination of increasingly powerful and intelligent networks and innovative applications and
devices will create a whole new way to run a home, an enterprise, a community, or an economy.
Conclusion
Users already have high expectations of their communication technology. This will continue to the
point of dependence. Users will come to expect always-on access to the Internet that supports their
lifestyles in every way. None of this would be possible without the foundation of solid and advanced
communication networks.
In the future, network providers will continue to drive open, IP-based technical standards that allow
new technologies to work together. Favorable regulatory structures will encourage continued
investment and innovation. To drive the solutions and services of 2020, network providers will form
alliances with other providers and partnerships with application developers and device makers.
5