Wireless communication has changed our lives in many ways. It has allowed for increased connectivity through mobile devices and wireless applications. This paper will review the history of wireless communication technology from its early generations to recent advancements. It will provide an overview of how wireless communication has evolved through technologies like satellites, Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi to revolutionize and connect our world.
A Posteriori Perusal of Mobile ComputingEditor IJCATR
The breakthrough in wireless networking has prompted a new concept of computing, called mobile computing in which users tote
portable
devices have
access to a shared infrastructure, independent of their physical location. Mobile computing is becoming increasingly vital du
e to the
increase in the number of portable computers and the aspiration to have continuous network connectivity to the Internet i
rrespective of the physical
location of the node.
Mobile computing systems
are computing systems that may be readily moved physically and whose computing ability may be
used while they are being moved. Mobile computing has rapidly become a vital new examp
le in today's real world of networked computing systems. It
includes software, hardware and mobile communication. Ranging from wireless laptops to cellular phones and WiFi/Bluetooth
-
enabled PDA‟s to
wireless sensor networks; mobile computing has become ub
iquitous in its influence on our quotidian lives. In this paper various types of mobile
devices are talking and they are inquiring into in details and existing operation systems that are most famed for mentioned d
evices are talking. Another
aim of this pa
per is to point out some of the characteristics, applications, limitations, and issues of mobile computing
A Posteriori Perusal of Mobile ComputingEditor IJCATR
The breakthrough in wireless networking has prompted a new concept of computing, called mobile computing in which users tote
portable
devices have
access to a shared infrastructure, independent of their physical location. Mobile computing is becoming increasingly vital du
e to the
increase in the number of portable computers and the aspiration to have continuous network connectivity to the Internet i
rrespective of the physical
location of the node.
Mobile computing systems
are computing systems that may be readily moved physically and whose computing ability may be
used while they are being moved. Mobile computing has rapidly become a vital new examp
le in today's real world of networked computing systems. It
includes software, hardware and mobile communication. Ranging from wireless laptops to cellular phones and WiFi/Bluetooth
-
enabled PDA‟s to
wireless sensor networks; mobile computing has become ub
iquitous in its influence on our quotidian lives. In this paper various types of mobile
devices are talking and they are inquiring into in details and existing operation systems that are most famed for mentioned d
evices are talking. Another
aim of this pa
per is to point out some of the characteristics, applications, limitations, and issues of mobile computing
At PhoneArena, we believe that mobile technology is so powerful it can help us live richer, more connected, and productive lives PhoneArena is the ultimate source for news, reviews, picks, and deals on the latest phones, tablets, wearables, and other mobile technology
Nowadays mobile phones have become a must for almost all people from all over the world. An opportunity to stay in touch with friends and family members, access to email and business associates are just a few of reasons for the boosting importance of cell phones. Mobile telephony is the provision of telephone services to phones which may move around freely rather than stay fixed in one location. Today mobile phones are the best way to stay connected with others as well as provide the user with a sense of security. A conceptual study have been made to briefly discus what mobile telephony is, how it emerges and what technologies it use.
Basics of telecommunication and networkingMilan Padariya
Telecommunication enables people to talk via electronic media and Networking enables more than one computers to connect and share the information. In today's business telecommunication and networking play an important role. Also wireless technologies like bluetooth and Wi-Fi make easy transaction for any IT enable business.
At PhoneArena, we believe that mobile technology is so powerful it can help us live richer, more connected, and productive lives PhoneArena is the ultimate source for news, reviews, picks, and deals on the latest phones, tablets, wearables, and other mobile technology
Nowadays mobile phones have become a must for almost all people from all over the world. An opportunity to stay in touch with friends and family members, access to email and business associates are just a few of reasons for the boosting importance of cell phones. Mobile telephony is the provision of telephone services to phones which may move around freely rather than stay fixed in one location. Today mobile phones are the best way to stay connected with others as well as provide the user with a sense of security. A conceptual study have been made to briefly discus what mobile telephony is, how it emerges and what technologies it use.
Basics of telecommunication and networkingMilan Padariya
Telecommunication enables people to talk via electronic media and Networking enables more than one computers to connect and share the information. In today's business telecommunication and networking play an important role. Also wireless technologies like bluetooth and Wi-Fi make easy transaction for any IT enable business.
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Christianity And Its Impact On Society
Christianity and the impact it has placed in society has shaped and stripped, modified and divided, comforted and enlightened the world. Christianity has managed to delve into every aspect of human life. Christianity is in our way of life science, education, technology and arts and has created the environment of religious belief which managed to engrain its ideals into a social, political and educational belief. A religion such as Christianity is the foundation from which society lives, breathes and thinks on. There are many that dispute this yet there is some insight and relevance on how our freedom, choices and laws embody Christianity and it has done so since the beginning and still does so in the present. According to Rodney Stark it is, Christianizing the Empire (The Triumph of Christianity, 2011). And it is from which the past, present and future empires stands upon.
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What Are The Causes Of The Space Race
The space race was caused by the cold war, the cold war was a war that was between the Soviet Union and the USA, it wasn t so much like a war because almost no one sent any army or any bombs, but there was still people that died. The USA in the world war 2 invented this new nuclear weapon, America thought that they could lead the cold war but suddenly the Soviet union started to make nuclear weapons, so each time the Soviet union made one america did 2 then the Soviet union did 5. Both countries knew that if one launched a nuclear bomb, there wouldn t be winners so nobody actually sent any thing.
THE START
The space race started in 1957 when the Soviet Union sent Sputnik. 1t was the first artificial satellite. After some time the russians sent sputnik 2, it had the first living thing to go to space: the first dog called Laika. The USA after some weeks they sent the Explorer 1 1n to space, the first american rocket.
SPUTNIK 1 FIRST
SATELLITE
what happened?
The first man in orbit was Yuri Gagarin he was sent by the soviet union in...show more content...Apollo 10 was meant to orbit the moon and study for possible landing for Apollo 11. In 1969 they finally sent the rocket, that changed history the rocket with Neil Armstrong and his crew on the moon, neil armstrong was the first to step on the moon surface, he brought victory to all Americans and the world pretty much. After Apollo 11 all the project were based on finding information on the moon, and how was the moon s surface and all that scientific things. Apollo 17 was one of the most important because it was the project that ended Apollo and went on the moon and st
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The Definition Of Monster
Monster! What image formulates in your mind when you hear that term? Is it a fictional beast, an alien from another planet, a violent creature? How about the scum of society, a child molester, murderer, someone who cheats and steals from others with no remorse? Or do you think of a damaged human being, the unfortunate souls with conditions and appearances that are considered abnormal? I firmly believe that society as a whole has twisted this term into something it isn t, twisted our view of those people into something they aren t, and it s time for that to stop. By definition, a monster is an imaginary creature that is typically large, ugly, and frightening . Yes, an imaginary creature. This definition does not encapsulate those disgusting
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Iv Reflection
My facility recently implemented several updated practice changes to our peripheral IV (PIV) policy; these updates are based on the latest evidence based practice recommendations. Over the previous several years, there was an increase in the number of infiltrations, infections and injuries to patient s who had PIV s. Some of the PIV s were placed in the field in which aseptic technique could not be verified, while others were placed in our hospital. IVs were being assessed only once per shift, or every 12 hours, according to the practice that was in place at that time. The IV team at our hospital reviewed the literature and formulated a new policy in which PIV s placed outside our facility were to be discontinued and replaced within 24
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Computer Technology Contributions
Computer science is an ever evolving field that is relevant to the daily activities of almost all people living in the 21st century. Through the years, the field of computer science has advanced thanks to the contributions of numerous scientists, engineers, and mathematicians. From the programs powering medical devices in healthcare to the operating systems on mobile devices, the work of computer scientists is responsible for the technologies that power our lives. This paper describes the contributions made by Ada Lovelace, Linus Torvalds, and Dennis Ritchie to the field of computer science.
1: Ada Lovelace
Ada Lovelace is most known for her contributions to computer science during a time before computer science was a recognized discipline. Her work involved a thorough series of notes on Charles Babbage s analytical engine, including a table that explained how the engine could potentially display Bernoulli numbers (Martin, 2015). The analytical engine was an industrial era invention intended to carry out computations using punched cards (Martin, 2015). She was tasked with translating Italian mathematician Luigi Menabrea s notes on Babbage s analytical engine, which she published in 1843 (Martin, 2015). Ada s notes on the analytical engine were much greater than the original translation, and she was able to realize the true potential of the analytical engine. She was able to come up with an algorithm for the analytical engine that could be used to calculate Bernoulli
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My Self Assessment
A self assessment requires that a person take a look at him or herself objectively. Doing this can be extremely hard for a person because they have to be honest with themselves about who they are and the areas where they are lacking. Personally, I like taking assessments that are going to help me better myself and so forth. But I really did not like this assessment because of how it is set up. I prefer assessments where you are scored based on what you put and then there is a synopsis that gives some explanation or detail about what it all means.
After taking the assessment, I learned that my five greatest areas of weakness are: Seeking support from others, Retaining written information, Time management skills, Management and leadership of people and Creative problem solving (Bethel University, 2014). When taking a closer look at my areas of weakness, I was able to see that my many of my weaknesses are similar because they have to do with the confidence that I lack. For example, take seeking support from others or management and leadership of people. I have issues with...show more content...The greatest way in which I would be able to improve my writing skills would be to practice. Good writing is an acquired art, and it takes practice (Bethel University, 2014, p. 4). For many, writing comes very easily. But then there are those like me who have to work very hard at becoming good at writing. And when I say that I would practice, I mean that I would set aside time the time to rewrite things that I have previously written so that I could correct and perfect the things that I failed to do correctly the first time. When it came time to do an actually assignment I w
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Positive Impact Of Nelson Mandela
Haseeb Sial
Ms. Poll
Global Studies Honors
December 11, 2017
Nelson Mandela Nelson Mandela was a great leader of South Africa. Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was born in South Africa on July 18, 1918. He was an anti apartheid revolutionary, political leader, and philanthropist, who was the first black and democratically elected President. Before Mandela was elected president, South Africa was a country with a white supremacist government, ruled by apartheid. There were racial tensions between whites and blacks, both races hated each other. Blacks were uneducated and most of them were poor and had little food. Nelson Mandela had a positive impact towards South Africa because he ended apartheid, unified South Africa and helped those less...show more content...In 1964, he was found guilty of sabotage and treason and spent three decades in the Robben Island Prison. Mandela turned the prison experience into an ANC school, teaching other blacks about politics and other freedom fighters like Gandhi (Lockard 959). Nelson Mandela fought against apartheid for years with protests/strikes and by leading the ANC.
Nelson Mandela unified South Africa by using sports and the Truth Reconciliation Committee. Through sports like rugby, Mandela brought South Africa together. Rugby was mainly seen as a white game. Even today, it attracts mainly white supporters, and most of the players are white. In 1995, there were still fears about the policies the government would adopt in regards to the treatment of white people. Mandela showed white South Africans that there was no cause for worry and that they would be included in the new South Africa. The Springboks (the name of t
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Reflections on a Graduate Program
Reflections Upon a Graduate Program
Upon completing a stage in life, such as the completion of a graduate program, it is productive to reflect upon that experience and ponder the motivation for that course of action, as well as ponder the utility of that experience. As my graduate program comes to a conclusion, now is the time for me to discuss the components of the program that have been of particular value to me, and why such program components have been of value.
I appreciated learning about different teaching methodologies and perspectives regarding education. I found that learning about constructivism and objectivism quite valuable. I always knew that there were philosophical concepts that supported specific teaching methods, but I only had a superficial understanding of such ideas. Learning in greater detail about such topics helped me understand my own educational experience in a new dimension. It also helped me consider the value of a variety of perspectives to be used in the classroom. Good teaching for me includes of variety of methods that are known, used, and balanced as part of the teaching and learning experiences. I also found value in these topics because it helped me discern what kind of teaching practice I naturally gravitate towards, as well as help expose my weakness in teaching methodology. Overall, I think it helped me understand how to be a balanced teaching professional, and ways to achieve or strive for that balance.
There was great value to
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Wise Children Essay
Wise Children Essay
Angela Carter uses a variety of methods and techniques to present events and characters in an interesting way in chapter 1. By using
Dora s voice she is able to express the character s viewpoint and introduce the reader to the story at a pace and style that not only establishes other characters but from how language is used the reader can create a personality for Dora also.
The novel starts with a question to slowly introduce the reader into the idea of the legitimacy and illegitimacy.
WHY is London like Budapest?
A. Because it two cities divided by a river.
Dora uses London to immediately explain how her and Dora live on the
bastard side of Old Father Thames , not just literally but as...show more content...While Dora and Nora watch the video the plot develops further enabling the reader to understand the events that have happened in the past.
The video also evokes emotions in Dora that help the reader to appreciate Dora s perspective. Tiffany s pregnancy also reinforces the idea of illegitimacy, again by a member of the Hazard family
The language that Nora uses throughout the novel is very informal and direct, Bugger the robin! Because of this honest way of speaking
Dora becomes believable as a character and we trust everything she is saying. Carter uses Dora s voice to speak to us as if the reader is there with Dora, but take a good look at the signed photos... which gives Carter the opportunity to describe Dora s photos and surroundings to the reader, which again gives the reader a glimpse into the past life of Dora and Nora. These questions directed at the reader draw the reader into the novel and build a relationship between
Dor
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Cultural Competency Essay
Cultural competency
In healthcare industry cultural competence is an important component and it is not an isolated aspect of medical care as it improves patients clinical outcomes. Cultural competence is express as a dynamic, complex and it involves skill that healthcare providers need to develop in order to respond to their individual diverse cultural patients (Brenda, 2016). Cultural competency is defined as creating consciousness of an individual s life; feeling and thoughts without allowing it to have an unwanted control or power by demonstrating knowledge on the patients cultural and respecting their differences. Another definition had been stated that cultural competence is how the healthcare providers advocate effectively and deliver required needs for their diverse cultural patients (Weber, 2003). Cultural competency is a concept that had been used widely in nursing profession.
The aim is to improve effectiveness and efficiency of healthcare services for patients with diverse cultural background. It was developed by recognition of cultural barriers among the healthcare providers and patients; that could affect the quality of healthcare delivered to the...show more content...There are great quantities of international literature pertaining to cultural competency and the importance of it had been integrated into healthcare. In the United States, the importance s of cultural competency within healthcare practice is widely accredited to the state and federal regulations for culturally competent healthcare (WHO, 2012). Reviews had examined the cultural competency and related concepts within healthcare setting such as nursing, mental health and healthc
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Pearl Harbor Day Essay
December 7, 1941, a day that will live in infamy (Pearl Harbor in Hawaii). This quote is important because the United States were at peace with Japan, when they suddenly decided to do a wicked and evil act that immediately united us against them. Pearl Harbor is located in Oahu, Hawaii. The memorial is the final resting place for the heroic soldiers and sailors who lost their lives on that very tragic day. Many people visit the memorial every year to salute those who lost their lives on that tragic day. The USS Arizona received the most damaged out of all the ships. Pearl Harbor is a significant historical place, because the Japanese bombed the harbor, causing many ships to be damaged and over 2,000 people to lose their lives.
The attack...show more content...Franklin D. Roosevelt asked congress to declare war on Japan, and on December, 8, 1941, the US was entered into World War II.Preparing for War from the mighty disaster took a lot of effort. Twenty one ships were sunk or damaged, and sixty four planes were destroyed. They managed within a few months to raise the sunken ships are prepare the Navy s fleet. Now, they were ready for war.
Japan refused to surrender. The US had to use one of the most dangerous weapons available. The US dropped an atomic bomb on the day of August 6th, 1945. Tons of people died, more than 80,000. It was absolutely devastating yet the Japanese still did not surrender. On August 9, 1945 the US once again dropped another atomic bomb. This time they dropped it on Nagasaki, Japan. This atomic bomb drop killed over 40,000 people. Finally on August 14, 1945, Japan surrendered, and World War II was over.
Today the U
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
1. Wireless Communication Has Changed Our World
Abstract
Wireless communication has changed our lives in terms of the way we live, work, learn and interact. Wireless communication and mobile devices have
continued their rapid technical evolution, supporting a growing focus on increased end–user utility and new opportunities for compelling wireless
applications in many aspects of people's lives. In this paper that I'm writing, I'll be reviewing the past and existing generations of wireless
communication in terms of history, performance, advantages and disadvantages. I will review the development of countless wireless communication
devices and evolutions that had significance from the beginning to recent years. Since the past few decades' wireless communication has evolved
drastically using satellites, Bluetooth and Wi–Fi. In this paper, I will provide a detailed breakdown of how wireless communication has changed our
world today.
Introduction
The Wireless Technology industry has grown to include wireless communication, which has revolutionized and evolved since being created by "Joseph
Henry" and "Samuel Morse" in the year 1832. Over the years wireless or mobile communication has experienced at least four to five generations of
growth from nothing to 5G. The word 5G or 5G technology comes from the term fifth generation. This generation has defined what it is to have
wireless communication using high bandwidth for communication with little issues. When 4G was released, people were
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2. Introduction and Background Study
Wireless communication types are such that electro–magnetic waves are used for the transmission of signals, as opposed to the traditional wires. This
is done over some parts of the path used for communication or the entire system used for communication (Tiarawut, 2013). In addition to
communication tools, some systems used for purposes of monitoring are also categorized as wireless and some of them include alarms, which are
meant to detect intruders to a given place. Recall the fact that in order to effectively capture such acts as intrusion, a lot of confidentiality should
be accorded the system in place so that the target group does not tamper with it. However, such system will not be the basis of this paper, as it
seeks to explain the small business network type of wireless connection. The pioneering wireless forms of transmitters were put into use in the early
periods of the 20th century by use of a Morse code. Thereafter, when modulation made it such that it was an easy task to relay voices, as well as
musical appeals over the wireless systems, the term radio was adopted for use in the description of the medium used.
The increased and successful use of the spectrum has revived the use of wireless connections, and this has been facilitated by the introduction of data
based forms of communication, as well as such aspects as the television use. In the case of business entities, such as the one of focus in this paper, the
choice of the
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3. Wireless Technology Essay
Wireless Technology
Wireless technology is an industry that has seen much growth and progress in the years following the inception of the internet and cell phones. Our
society has progressed to the point to where we can no longer function without this technology. Business, travel, and everyday life now are dependant
on wireless technology.
Wireless technology is just what its name implies, communicating or computing without wires and phone lines. Wireless technology uses a variety of
different devices such as desktop and laptop computers, personal digital assistants (PDA's), cell phones, and many others.
The major benefit of wireless technology to users is the immediate access it offers to resources. Whether it is...show more content...
Horizontal integration delivers benefits such as data mining, real–time transaction processing, and decision–support systems. Wireless data–translation
protocols allow contrasting devices to efficiently use information from all sources.
Wireless technology has also lead to the advent of PDA–cell phone hybrids called smart phones. The combination cell phone and organizer also has
Web access, email and messaging capabilities, an MP3 player, Bluetooth support, and a digital video camera.
PalmSource made wireless device–to–device communication more popular by putting an infrared port on every Palm OS handheld. From the advent
of the first Palm OS handhelds in 1995, the concept of "beaming" information became a norm in the business world. Business cards, applications, and
content began to move from one device to another with ease. PalmSource is now innovating again by pioneering Bluetooth in mobile devices such as
handhelds and cell phones.
Bluetooth is a cable–replacement technology for passing information between devices not unlike infrared. The advantage that Bluetooth has over
infrared is that devices using Bluetooth do not have to be pointed at one another, the distance between devices can be much greater, the speed of
transmission is much higher, and the data passed can be encrypted and
5. Wireless communication has emerged as its own discipline over the past decades.From cellular voice telephony to wireless internet and data
services,data service has profoundly impacted our lifestyle.After a decade of exponential growth today wireless network is one of the largest industry
in the world.
At the time of wirtting this close to 1 billoin people subscribe to cellular service,close to 200 billion gsm short message is exchanged every year.In
response to this growth, a number of universities and educational institute have started research in this field and teaching programmes from which a
number of engineers and scientist are re–educating themselves in this fields.
In my project I have traditionally selected the most comman voice oriented wireless communication along with geolocation gprs services,internet and
mobile data services and IEEE 802.11 WLAN services.
My project also covers different generation of wireless networks,right from 1G services to 3G services which provides upto 2mbps speed on local area
network.
Various voice oriented wireless communications are also covered up like the gsm or cdma services.
Most of the writing and language of my project are sourced from various text books along with various journels and research work available about this
field on the internet.
I would like to express my deep appreciations to my mentor Ms.S.Yadav who have greatly helped me with this project.
INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS.
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6. Essay on Wireless Technologies Today
Wireless Technologies Today
Everyday we as a society employ our wireless technologies throughout the day, sometimes even subconsciously. We wake up and check our cell
–phones
and PDA's for information concerning the success of our day. We get to our respective workplace and our company's wireless technologies, such as
implemented wide area networks for quick and accurate communication of information between corporate officers or for communication of information
to maximize manufacturing at a plant.
According to an article posted by Texas Instruments written by Computerworld, "Purchases of wireless hardware reached $2.2 billion in 2002 and are
expected to top $3.9 billion by 2006, according to research firm In–Stat/MDR. Units sold...show more content...
It affects an extensive mixture within society, from conventional communication amongst people daily to innovation of organizational systems to
reduce millions of dollars in inefficient processes. These affects can be daily, like updated stock quotes on your PDA to extensive integration of
progressive system technologies in factory processes.
I believe as a society we need to become aware of the wireless technologies being used today become accustomed to them and prepare ourselves for the
advancements that are certain to come at the hands of innovation and imagination.
Personal Wireless Technologies
Cellular phones are almost certainly the most recognizable wireless technologies available to the individual consumer. However, there are numerous
products today that enhance the benefits of wireless capability. We will look at some of the wireless technologies available that innovation and
imagination have created.
Amongst mobile technologies, the Motorola MPx200 is the first device in a new generation of "Smartphones" that run the new Microsoft Windows
Mobile 2003 software. A Smartphone is primarily a phone, but it is intended for anyone who also desires to retrieve Outlook contact data, which
allows more than just a small number of contacts, mail, and messaging immediately. However one glaring negative is the lack of BluetoothВ®, a
low–cost radio solution that provides links between mobile computers, mobile
8. Wireless Communication Essay
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
________________________________________________________
1.1 Communication
Communication is the transfer of information from transmitter to the receiver through a wireless medium or wired medium known as channel. The
transmitter transmits the information and the receiver receives the information. Information is useful data send by transmitter and must be understood
to the receiver. The information is transmitted in the form of radio waves. This useful information is known as signal. Signal is the electric or
electronic variation in voltage with respect to time.
While dealing with communications with the two hardware required, transmitter and receiver
The input signal may beanalog or digital.
The channel may be wired...show more content...
Due to increase in wires complexity and hardware cost also increases
Examples of wired communication include: Telephone network, cable television, internet access or fiber optics communication.
In wireless communication or open space communication there is no requirement of wired. Wireless communication has several advantages over wired
communication like there is less requirement of wire as compared to guided structure communication and wireless communication provide it's user to
move from one space to another without causing interface i.e. its provides freedom to its user, but wireless communication limitation of spectrum.
There has been tremendous growth in wireless network over the last few decades. Wireless devices such as mobiles, laptops are increasing day by day;
hence there is requirement of more frequency bands. The need of allotting different frequencies is due to fact that there should not be any interference.
Interference is caused when two applications are using the same frequency band. In wireless network data is propagated in the form of electromagnetic
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9. Introduction Information and communication has been changing rapidly during the past decades, and such changes will be affecting the society for
the next five years. One effect is on individual lifestyles and this includes an increase of mobile usage and social network consumption. The changes
also enable the appearance of cloud technology and the utilization of data management called big data. Another effect that is placed in a classroom.
The classroom in the 21st century is virtual and allows stakeholders include students and teachers to access courses through online devices. Lin, H.,
Wang, Y., & Li, C. (2016). Mobilelearning has become more and more important in the educational context because the rapid advance and the
popularity...show more content...
Nowadays, students are able to access online learning through internet technology, available time, and resources. This collaborative system allows
student groups interacting of learning, sharing and enabling learning evaluation. In terms of Thailand, the Thai government has the policy to support
the use of technology in the education system. It is believed that technology increases students ' potential. To achieve this, teachers should apply more
technology in classes.
Therefore, The aim of this study is to improve higher students' critical thinking skills with the utilization of the changes in the information and
communication technology. To achieve this objective, the initial step of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of learning in a borderless
classroom. The borderless classroom will be used as an alternative instrument which a lecturer can use to distribute learnings and/or lessons. Research
Question
1.Study the borderless classroom: a modern collaborative learning model to enhance higher education students' critical thinking skills.
2.Study the students' satisfaction towards borderless classroom: a modern collaborative learning model.
Rationale
The progress of technology had improved digital technology and wireless network. They resulted in the expansion of mobile phones and portable
computers have improved. The student could learned outside the
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10. "The rapid revolution in technology affected our lifestyle drastically and led us to believe that our lives have changed for the better" (Martin, Alice).
Today society has time to do everything except think The life people live now with wireless communication is undoubtedly fast paced compared to the
life the population had lived before wireless communication. Because of wireless communication people are expected to work at a faster pace,
especially since they have more information at their fingertips. Back in the day people had to really search for materials and research data now
people will throw a tantrum if a web page does not load within 30 seconds. Worries were not as ridiculous as forgetting to updating a status every hour
of the...show more content...
History). This event itself had sparked global interest in wireless communication. The term "wireless" should not be confused with the term
"cordless", which is generally used to refer to powered electrical or electronic devices that are able to operate from a portable power source (e.g., a
battery pack) without any cable or cord to limit the mobility of the cordless device through a connection to the mains power supply. Some cordless
devices, such as cordless telephones, are also wireless in the sense that information is transferred from the cordless telephone to the telephone's base
unit via some type of wireless communications link. This has caused some disparity in the usage of the term "cordless", for example in Digital
Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications. The majority of today's wireless technology is a radio (Wireless). Almost everyone has a radio, whether it
be in a car, house, in stores; they are all around. However a greater amount of people would not be caught dead without their precious smartphone.
The number of cell phone users went from 50k during the 1940's to 1.4 million during the 1960's. People all over the nation are progressively
becoming dependent on wireless technology as the years go by. Some people have a better way adapting to this change than others. It all seems that the
improvement of wireless communications is impacting lives for the better but most people are blind to
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11. Wireless Communication
The goal of third and fourth generation mobile networks is to provide users with high data rates, and to provide a wider range of services, such as
voice communications, videophones, and high speed Internet access. A common challenge in designing a wireless system is to overcome the effects of
the wireless channel, which is characterized as having multiple transmission paths and as being time varying. OFDM has a promising future as a new
technology in several next generation wireless communication systems. The ability of OFDM systems to combat the effects of multipath propagation
with a comparatively simple receiver structure made it the modulation of choice for some of the most prominent wireless technologies such as the
IEEE 802.11...show more content...
1.1.1 OFDM Advantages
In summary, OFDM has the following advantages:
1. OFDM is an efficient way to deal with multipath effects. For a given channel delay spread, the implementation complexity is much lower than that
of a conventional single carrier system with time domain equalizer.
2. Bandwidth efficiency is high since it uses overlapping orthogonal subcarriers in the frequency domain.
3. Modulation and demodulation are implemented using inverse discrete
Fourier transform (IDFT) and discrete Fourier transform (DFT), respectively. The fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm can be applied to make the
overall system efficient.
4. Capacity can be significantly increased by adapting the data rate per subcarrier according to the signal–to–noise ratio (SNR) of that particular
subcarrier. 5. OFDM is robust against narrowband interference because such interference affects only a small percentage of the subcarriers.
1.1.2 Problems Associated with OFDM
OFDM communication systems have two primary drawbacks. The first is the high sensitivity to carrier frequency offsets and phase noise. When there
are frequency offsets in the subcarriers, the orthogonality among the subcarriers breaks and this causes intercarrier interference (ICI). The second
drawback, is that the transmitted OFDM signal has large amplitude fluctuations and so a high
PAPR. This high PAPR requires system components with a wide linear range to accommodate for the signal variations.
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12. Essay On Wireless Communication Technology
nowadays sensors are anywhere. We take it for granted, however there are sensors in our cars, in our clever telephones, in factories controlling CO2
emissions, and even inside the ground tracking soil conditions in vineyards. while evidently sensors were around for a while, research on wireless
sensor networks (WSNs) commenced returned within the Eighties and it's miles only in view that 2001 that WSNs generated an elevated hobby from
commercial and research perspectives. This is due to the supply of less expensive, low powered miniature additives like processors, radios and
sensors that have been regularly included on a unmarried chip (system on a chip (SoC)).
The idea of internet of things (IoT) becomes evolved in parallel to WSNs. The...show more content...
via synthesizing present WSN applications as part of the infrastructure device, capability new programs may be diagnosed and developed to satisfy
future technology and marketplace developments. for example WSN generation applications for smart grid, smart water, wise transportation systems,
and smart home generate big quantities of statistics, and this information can serve many purposes. moreover, as the cutting–edge global shifts to this
new age of WSNs in the IoT, there might be some of prison implications in order to need to be clarified over the years. one of the most pressing
troubles is the possession and use of the statistics this is accumulated, consolidated, correlated and mined for added cost. records agents can have a
flourishing commercial enterprise as the pooling of records from diverse sources will result in new and unknown commercial enterprise opportunities
and capability criminal liabilities. The recent US country wide security administration scandal and other indignities have shown that there is huge
hobby in accumulating facts for numerous uses. one of the more complicated problems which get up within this new world is the idea of machines
making autonomous decisions, with unknown effect on the surroundings or society within which it features. this may be as easy as a refrigerator
inquiring for replenishment for milk and butter on the neighborhood keep for its proprietor, or as complicated as a robotic that has been programmed
to live to
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13. Wireless Communication Assignment Essay
Expected Learning Outcomes Assessed
This assignment tests your ability to research specific topics and report on your findings. You should be able to: demonstrate an understanding of
essential wireless basics; describe applications used in wireless technology; report on your findings succinctly and accurately; and practice full
referencing.
Instructions
Answer ALL the questions below. Follow the word limit (if applicable) as instructed in each given question. It is advisable to conduct research (via
any means) and apply relevant diagram(s) (wherever necessary) before attempting to answer.
1
Explain two health concerns when using wireless technologies? What are the official positions of the FCC and MCMC? How Cellular System...show
more content...
FCC admits that it is not able to monitor the emissions from all the transmitters that are under the FCC jurisprudence. However, it does have
measurement instrumentation for evaluating RF levels in areas that may be accessible to the public or workers. It also conducts an investigation if
there is enough evidence to indicate a lack of compliance with the FCC laws [3]. The Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission
(MCMC) Guidelines on permissible radiation levels, released in August 1998, are based on international standards developed to minimize the possible
impact of radiation on health. The MCMC continues to monitor the latest safety standards recommended by world organizations such as the
International Commission on Non–ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) and the World Health Organization (WHO) to ensure that the guidelines
adopted for Malaysia remain current [4].
Cellular System Infrastructure
Infrastructure–based wireless networks have base stations, also called access points, deployed throughout a given area. These base stations provide
access for mobile terminals to a backbone wired network. Network control functions are performed by the base stations, and often the base stations are
connected together to facilitate coordinated control. This infrastructure is in contrast to ad hoc wireless networks, described in
15. Every day the wireless communication is getting more advanced comparing to what is was yesterday. Every generation of mobile communication get
advanced with a higher speed, frequency band, better connectivity, security and high data rates in transmission. For all these reasons, it's clear how the
4G is success more than the 3G networks, and the same thing will happen to the 4G after lunching the 5G in the near future. In this paper, I will try to
describe the 4G networks and 5G networks in contest of future of mobile communications. What are their drawbacks and what are the main differences
between these different generations along with the issues that make the new network take over that network.
2–Background:
A look back in the history, the first generation of telephony (1G) started in the early of 1980s. This network was designed to carry analog voice data.
The (1G) networks were based on these standard TACS, NMT, C–Nets and AMPS. In the early of 1990s the (2G) networks came as a digital network
comparing to the analog in (1G). That was the first digital cellular network after the switches that were supported digital calls by using actual 0s and
1s. The (2G) networks were supported by these standards D–AMPS, Code Division Multiple Access One (CDMAOne) and Global System of Mobile
Communication (GSM). The second generation of telephony (2G) was offered a higher capacity, improved security and improved the voice quality.
The (2G) technology was offered a
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17. Essay on Wireless Communication Security
Wireless Communication Security
Abstract
In today's society advances in technology are growing rapidly. Businesses and people are taking full advantage of the improving ways of transmitting
data internally and externally. One of the mediums today in transmitting data is via wireless communication systems.
It is obvious that this data will need to be secure for many reasons. These will be the questions I will pose in this paper. Will this be a secure means of
transmitting data? How sure are we of the means of security that we have available to us as consumers of this technology?
The answers to these questions will be in a form of an opinion that I will have developed myself. I am not qualified to give a...show more content...
Thus, we need to examine what our security is and if we as consumers are comfortable with that or not.
Statement of the Problem
Is the wireless communication systems secure with the standards that have been put into place by the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers). Will the protocol standards set in place by 802.11b meet the criteria of your specific needs, whether it is professional or business? Will the
rapid changes in the technology continually affect the systems capabilities of ensuring secure data transmitting? In some of the mediums we use for
wireless communication, for example mobile phones, can we have enough battery power for implementing proper security protocols? Should we
continue to set new goals in security protocols to combat the rapidly changing technology?
Review of Literature
First, I am going to review the wireless communication section, which will be aimed at more of business and home personal computer use. These
same methods will also apply to mobile phone use, but at this point I want to be more specific in discussing the IEEE (802.11) protocol standards in
these systems.
18. "The 802.11 standard for wireless networks include a WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) protocol, used to protect link–layer communications from
eavesdropping and other attacks." In this WEP protocol, they use two techniques, "Authentication
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19. Wireless Networking Essay
Wireless Networking
The term wireless networking is a technology that enables two or more computers to communicate using standard network protocols without network
cabling. The industry standard mainly used for wireless networking is IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers) 802.11. What this
standard is could be described as a wireless network with hardware that requires the use of technology, which deals with radio frequencies as well as
data transmission.
There are two kinds of wireless networks, Ad–Hoc (Peer to Peer), or access point (base station). Ad–Hoc (Peer to Peer) consists of a number of
computers each equipped with a wireless networking interface card. Each computer can communicate to other wireless enabled...show more content...
A software access point does not limit the type or number of network interfaces you use. It is very flexible in providing access to different network
types such as different types of Ethernet, Wireless, and Token Ring networks.
As mentioned before, software access points can offer more features like Internet access, web caching or content filtering, which are useful to some
users and administrators.
The range of a wireless network is finite. With this limitation overlapping of access points are needed for seamless use. Use of wireless networking
indoors can range from 150 to 300 feet; outdoor range can be up to 1000 feet (depending on vender of equipment). Other variables of performance are
the environment and building construction. The further you are from an access point the performance will also degrade.
Multiple access points are needed for roaming building a steady network connection by monitoring the signal strength from in range access points and
locking on to the one with the best quality. The amount of connections that can use an access point depends on the manufacturer. Some are limited to
ten and other more expensive access point's support up to one hundred connections. Using more computers than recommended will degrade the
performance and reliability of all the connections at that access point. It is
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20. 4g Technology. Essay
ABSTRACT
4G TECHNOLOGIES
Wireless technology has transformed our lives in many ways. Until very recently, we needed a computer wired to a port, to get online. Even wired
telephones are becoming a thing of past. Nowadays, we use our mobile phones for banking, to check ticket availability at a Cinema Hall, and many
more. Wireless communication is the transfer of information over a distance without the use of enhanced electrical conductors or "wires". And,
Wireless networking refers to any kind of networking that does not involve cables. It helps in saving the cost of cables for networking in addition to
providing the mobility. There are different types of wireless networks defined on the basis of their size, range and data transfer...show more content...
GPRS (CS1 to CS4) uses GMSK modulation with symbol rate (& modulation rate) of 270 ksym/s. Typical data rate of GPRS is ~115 kbps. It can be
used for services such as Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) access, Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) and for accessinginternet.
IS–95B or cdmaOne is the evolved version of IS–95A and is also designated as 2.5G with theoretical data rates of upto 115 kbps, with generally
experienced rates of 64 kbps. 2.75 – EDGE (Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution) – EDGE (EGPRS) is an abbreviation for Enhanced Data rates for
GSM Evolution, is a digital mobile phone technology, invented by AT&T. EDGE technology is an extended version of GSM & works in GSM
networks. EDGE is add–on to GPRS and can function on any network with GPRS deployed on it, provided the carrier implements the necessary
upgrades. It allows the clear and fast transmission of data. One need not install any additional hardware and software in order to make use of EDGE
Technology. Also, there are no additional charges for utilizing this technology. Uses 9 Modulation coding schemes (MCS1
–9). MCS (1–4) uses GMSK,
while MCS (5–9) uses 8PSK modulation. 8PSK Increases throughput by 3x (8–PSK – 3 bits/symbol vs GMSK 1 bit/symbol). Modulation bit rate is
810 kbps. It offers data rates of 384kbps, theoretically up to 473.6kbps.
Third Generation Technology (3G)
3G – G systems promise faster communications services, entailing voice, and fax
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