Wireless Communication Has Changed Our World

Wireless Communication Has Changed Our World
Abstract
Wireless communication has changed our lives in terms of the way we live, work, learn and interact. Wireless communication and mobile devices have
continued their rapid technical evolution, supporting a growing focus on increased end–user utility and new opportunities for compelling wireless
applications in many aspects of people's lives. In this paper that I'm writing, I'll be reviewing the past and existing generations of wireless
communication in terms of history, performance, advantages and disadvantages. I will review the development of countless wireless communication
devices and evolutions that had significance from the beginning to recent years. Since the past few decades' wireless communication has evolved
drastically using satellites, Bluetooth and Wi–Fi. In this paper, I will provide a detailed breakdown of how wireless communication has changed our
world today.
Introduction
The Wireless Technology industry has grown to include wireless communication, which has revolutionized and evolved since being created by "Joseph
Henry" and "Samuel Morse" in the year 1832. Over the years wireless or mobile communication has experienced at least four to five generations of
growth from nothing to 5G. The word 5G or 5G technology comes from the term fifth generation. This generation has defined what it is to have
wireless communication using high bandwidth for communication with little issues. When 4G was released, people were
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Introduction and Background Study
Wireless communication types are such that electro–magnetic waves are used for the transmission of signals, as opposed to the traditional wires. This
is done over some parts of the path used for communication or the entire system used for communication (Tiarawut, 2013). In addition to
communication tools, some systems used for purposes of monitoring are also categorized as wireless and some of them include alarms, which are
meant to detect intruders to a given place. Recall the fact that in order to effectively capture such acts as intrusion, a lot of confidentiality should
be accorded the system in place so that the target group does not tamper with it. However, such system will not be the basis of this paper, as it
seeks to explain the small business network type of wireless connection. The pioneering wireless forms of transmitters were put into use in the early
periods of the 20th century by use of a Morse code. Thereafter, when modulation made it such that it was an easy task to relay voices, as well as
musical appeals over the wireless systems, the term radio was adopted for use in the description of the medium used.
The increased and successful use of the spectrum has revived the use of wireless connections, and this has been facilitated by the introduction of data
based forms of communication, as well as such aspects as the television use. In the case of business entities, such as the one of focus in this paper, the
choice of the

Wireless Technology Essay
Wireless Technology
Wireless technology is an industry that has seen much growth and progress in the years following the inception of the internet and cell phones. Our
society has progressed to the point to where we can no longer function without this technology. Business, travel, and everyday life now are dependant
on wireless technology.
Wireless technology is just what its name implies, communicating or computing without wires and phone lines. Wireless technology uses a variety of
different devices such as desktop and laptop computers, personal digital assistants (PDA's), cell phones, and many others.
The major benefit of wireless technology to users is the immediate access it offers to resources. Whether it is...show more content...
Horizontal integration delivers benefits such as data mining, real–time transaction processing, and decision–support systems. Wireless data–translation
protocols allow contrasting devices to efficiently use information from all sources.
Wireless technology has also lead to the advent of PDA–cell phone hybrids called smart phones. The combination cell phone and organizer also has
Web access, email and messaging capabilities, an MP3 player, Bluetooth support, and a digital video camera.
PalmSource made wireless device–to–device communication more popular by putting an infrared port on every Palm OS handheld. From the advent
of the first Palm OS handhelds in 1995, the concept of "beaming" information became a norm in the business world. Business cards, applications, and
content began to move from one device to another with ease. PalmSource is now innovating again by pioneering Bluetooth in mobile devices such as
handhelds and cell phones.
Bluetooth is a cable–replacement technology for passing information between devices not unlike infrared. The advantage that Bluetooth has over
infrared is that devices using Bluetooth do not have to be pointed at one another, the distance between devices can be much greater, the speed of
transmission is much higher, and the data passed can be encrypted and

Wireless communication has emerged as its own discipline over the past decades.From cellular voice telephony to wireless internet and data
services,data service has profoundly impacted our lifestyle.After a decade of exponential growth today wireless network is one of the largest industry
in the world.
At the time of wirtting this close to 1 billoin people subscribe to cellular service,close to 200 billion gsm short message is exchanged every year.In
response to this growth, a number of universities and educational institute have started research in this field and teaching programmes from which a
number of engineers and scientist are re–educating themselves in this fields.
In my project I have traditionally selected the most comman voice oriented wireless communication along with geolocation gprs services,internet and
mobile data services and IEEE 802.11 WLAN services.
My project also covers different generation of wireless networks,right from 1G services to 3G services which provides upto 2mbps speed on local area
network.
Various voice oriented wireless communications are also covered up like the gsm or cdma services.
Most of the writing and language of my project are sourced from various text books along with various journels and research work available about this
field on the internet.
I would like to express my deep appreciations to my mentor Ms.S.Yadav who have greatly helped me with this project.
INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS.

Essay on Wireless Technologies Today
Wireless Technologies Today
Everyday we as a society employ our wireless technologies throughout the day, sometimes even subconsciously. We wake up and check our cell
–phones
and PDA's for information concerning the success of our day. We get to our respective workplace and our company's wireless technologies, such as
implemented wide area networks for quick and accurate communication of information between corporate officers or for communication of information
to maximize manufacturing at a plant.
According to an article posted by Texas Instruments written by Computerworld, "Purchases of wireless hardware reached $2.2 billion in 2002 and are
expected to top $3.9 billion by 2006, according to research firm In–Stat/MDR. Units sold...show more content...
It affects an extensive mixture within society, from conventional communication amongst people daily to innovation of organizational systems to
reduce millions of dollars in inefficient processes. These affects can be daily, like updated stock quotes on your PDA to extensive integration of
progressive system technologies in factory processes.
I believe as a society we need to become aware of the wireless technologies being used today become accustomed to them and prepare ourselves for the
advancements that are certain to come at the hands of innovation and imagination.
Personal Wireless Technologies
Cellular phones are almost certainly the most recognizable wireless technologies available to the individual consumer. However, there are numerous
products today that enhance the benefits of wireless capability. We will look at some of the wireless technologies available that innovation and
imagination have created.
Amongst mobile technologies, the Motorola MPx200 is the first device in a new generation of "Smartphones" that run the new Microsoft Windows
Mobile 2003 software. A Smartphone is primarily a phone, but it is intended for anyone who also desires to retrieve Outlook contact data, which
allows more than just a small number of contacts, mail, and messaging immediately. However one glaring negative is the lack of BluetoothВ®, a
low–cost radio solution that provides links between mobile computers, mobile

Wireless Communication Essay
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
________________________________________________________
1.1 Communication
Communication is the transfer of information from transmitter to the receiver through a wireless medium or wired medium known as channel. The
transmitter transmits the information and the receiver receives the information. Information is useful data send by transmitter and must be understood
to the receiver. The information is transmitted in the form of radio waves. This useful information is known as signal. Signal is the electric or
electronic variation in voltage with respect to time.
While dealing with communications with the two hardware required, transmitter and receiver
The input signal may beanalog or digital.
The channel may be wired...show more content...
Due to increase in wires complexity and hardware cost also increases
Examples of wired communication include: Telephone network, cable television, internet access or fiber optics communication.
In wireless communication or open space communication there is no requirement of wired. Wireless communication has several advantages over wired
communication like there is less requirement of wire as compared to guided structure communication and wireless communication provide it's user to
move from one space to another without causing interface i.e. its provides freedom to its user, but wireless communication limitation of spectrum.
There has been tremendous growth in wireless network over the last few decades. Wireless devices such as mobiles, laptops are increasing day by day;
hence there is requirement of more frequency bands. The need of allotting different frequencies is due to fact that there should not be any interference.
Interference is caused when two applications are using the same frequency band. In wireless network data is propagated in the form of electromagnetic

Introduction Information and communication has been changing rapidly during the past decades, and such changes will be affecting the society for
the next five years. One effect is on individual lifestyles and this includes an increase of mobile usage and social network consumption. The changes
also enable the appearance of cloud technology and the utilization of data management called big data. Another effect that is placed in a classroom.
The classroom in the 21st century is virtual and allows stakeholders include students and teachers to access courses through online devices. Lin, H.,
Wang, Y., & Li, C. (2016). Mobilelearning has become more and more important in the educational context because the rapid advance and the
popularity...show more content...
Nowadays, students are able to access online learning through internet technology, available time, and resources. This collaborative system allows
student groups interacting of learning, sharing and enabling learning evaluation. In terms of Thailand, the Thai government has the policy to support
the use of technology in the education system. It is believed that technology increases students ' potential. To achieve this, teachers should apply more
technology in classes.
Therefore, The aim of this study is to improve higher students' critical thinking skills with the utilization of the changes in the information and
communication technology. To achieve this objective, the initial step of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of learning in a borderless
classroom. The borderless classroom will be used as an alternative instrument which a lecturer can use to distribute learnings and/or lessons. Research
Question
1.Study the borderless classroom: a modern collaborative learning model to enhance higher education students' critical thinking skills.
2.Study the students' satisfaction towards borderless classroom: a modern collaborative learning model.
Rationale
The progress of technology had improved digital technology and wireless network. They resulted in the expansion of mobile phones and portable
computers have improved. The student could learned outside the

"The rapid revolution in technology affected our lifestyle drastically and led us to believe that our lives have changed for the better" (Martin, Alice).
Today society has time to do everything except think The life people live now with wireless communication is undoubtedly fast paced compared to the
life the population had lived before wireless communication. Because of wireless communication people are expected to work at a faster pace,
especially since they have more information at their fingertips. Back in the day people had to really search for materials and research data now
people will throw a tantrum if a web page does not load within 30 seconds. Worries were not as ridiculous as forgetting to updating a status every hour
of the...show more content...
History). This event itself had sparked global interest in wireless communication. The term "wireless" should not be confused with the term
"cordless", which is generally used to refer to powered electrical or electronic devices that are able to operate from a portable power source (e.g., a
battery pack) without any cable or cord to limit the mobility of the cordless device through a connection to the mains power supply. Some cordless
devices, such as cordless telephones, are also wireless in the sense that information is transferred from the cordless telephone to the telephone's base
unit via some type of wireless communications link. This has caused some disparity in the usage of the term "cordless", for example in Digital
Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications. The majority of today's wireless technology is a radio (Wireless). Almost everyone has a radio, whether it
be in a car, house, in stores; they are all around. However a greater amount of people would not be caught dead without their precious smartphone.
The number of cell phone users went from 50k during the 1940's to 1.4 million during the 1960's. People all over the nation are progressively
becoming dependent on wireless technology as the years go by. Some people have a better way adapting to this change than others. It all seems that the
improvement of wireless communications is impacting lives for the better but most people are blind to

Wireless Communication
The goal of third and fourth generation mobile networks is to provide users with high data rates, and to provide a wider range of services, such as
voice communications, videophones, and high speed Internet access. A common challenge in designing a wireless system is to overcome the effects of
the wireless channel, which is characterized as having multiple transmission paths and as being time varying. OFDM has a promising future as a new
technology in several next generation wireless communication systems. The ability of OFDM systems to combat the effects of multipath propagation
with a comparatively simple receiver structure made it the modulation of choice for some of the most prominent wireless technologies such as the
IEEE 802.11...show more content...
1.1.1 OFDM Advantages
In summary, OFDM has the following advantages:
1. OFDM is an efficient way to deal with multipath effects. For a given channel delay spread, the implementation complexity is much lower than that
of a conventional single carrier system with time domain equalizer.
2. Bandwidth efficiency is high since it uses overlapping orthogonal subcarriers in the frequency domain.
3. Modulation and demodulation are implemented using inverse discrete
Fourier transform (IDFT) and discrete Fourier transform (DFT), respectively. The fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm can be applied to make the
overall system efficient.
4. Capacity can be significantly increased by adapting the data rate per subcarrier according to the signal–to–noise ratio (SNR) of that particular
subcarrier. 5. OFDM is robust against narrowband interference because such interference affects only a small percentage of the subcarriers.
1.1.2 Problems Associated with OFDM
OFDM communication systems have two primary drawbacks. The first is the high sensitivity to carrier frequency offsets and phase noise. When there
are frequency offsets in the subcarriers, the orthogonality among the subcarriers breaks and this causes intercarrier interference (ICI). The second
drawback, is that the transmitted OFDM signal has large amplitude fluctuations and so a high
PAPR. This high PAPR requires system components with a wide linear range to accommodate for the signal variations.

Essay On Wireless Communication Technology
nowadays sensors are anywhere. We take it for granted, however there are sensors in our cars, in our clever telephones, in factories controlling CO2
emissions, and even inside the ground tracking soil conditions in vineyards. while evidently sensors were around for a while, research on wireless
sensor networks (WSNs) commenced returned within the Eighties and it's miles only in view that 2001 that WSNs generated an elevated hobby from
commercial and research perspectives. This is due to the supply of less expensive, low powered miniature additives like processors, radios and
sensors that have been regularly included on a unmarried chip (system on a chip (SoC)).
The idea of internet of things (IoT) becomes evolved in parallel to WSNs. The...show more content...
via synthesizing present WSN applications as part of the infrastructure device, capability new programs may be diagnosed and developed to satisfy
future technology and marketplace developments. for example WSN generation applications for smart grid, smart water, wise transportation systems,
and smart home generate big quantities of statistics, and this information can serve many purposes. moreover, as the cutting–edge global shifts to this
new age of WSNs in the IoT, there might be some of prison implications in order to need to be clarified over the years. one of the most pressing
troubles is the possession and use of the statistics this is accumulated, consolidated, correlated and mined for added cost. records agents can have a
flourishing commercial enterprise as the pooling of records from diverse sources will result in new and unknown commercial enterprise opportunities
and capability criminal liabilities. The recent US country wide security administration scandal and other indignities have shown that there is huge
hobby in accumulating facts for numerous uses. one of the more complicated problems which get up within this new world is the idea of machines
making autonomous decisions, with unknown effect on the surroundings or society within which it features. this may be as easy as a refrigerator
inquiring for replenishment for milk and butter on the neighborhood keep for its proprietor, or as complicated as a robotic that has been programmed
to live to

Wireless Communication Assignment Essay
Expected Learning Outcomes Assessed
This assignment tests your ability to research specific topics and report on your findings. You should be able to: demonstrate an understanding of
essential wireless basics; describe applications used in wireless technology; report on your findings succinctly and accurately; and practice full
referencing.
Instructions
Answer ALL the questions below. Follow the word limit (if applicable) as instructed in each given question. It is advisable to conduct research (via
any means) and apply relevant diagram(s) (wherever necessary) before attempting to answer.
1
Explain two health concerns when using wireless technologies? What are the official positions of the FCC and MCMC? How Cellular System...show
more content...
FCC admits that it is not able to monitor the emissions from all the transmitters that are under the FCC jurisprudence. However, it does have
measurement instrumentation for evaluating RF levels in areas that may be accessible to the public or workers. It also conducts an investigation if
there is enough evidence to indicate a lack of compliance with the FCC laws [3]. The Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission
(MCMC) Guidelines on permissible radiation levels, released in August 1998, are based on international standards developed to minimize the possible
impact of radiation on health. The MCMC continues to monitor the latest safety standards recommended by world organizations such as the
International Commission on Non–ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) and the World Health Organization (WHO) to ensure that the guidelines
adopted for Malaysia remain current [4].
Cellular System Infrastructure
Infrastructure–based wireless networks have base stations, also called access points, deployed throughout a given area. These base stations provide
access for mobile terminals to a backbone wired network. Network control functions are performed by the base stations, and often the base stations are
connected together to facilitate coordinated control. This infrastructure is in contrast to ad hoc wireless networks, described in

Every day the wireless communication is getting more advanced comparing to what is was yesterday. Every generation of mobile communication get
advanced with a higher speed, frequency band, better connectivity, security and high data rates in transmission. For all these reasons, it's clear how the
4G is success more than the 3G networks, and the same thing will happen to the 4G after lunching the 5G in the near future. In this paper, I will try to
describe the 4G networks and 5G networks in contest of future of mobile communications. What are their drawbacks and what are the main differences
between these different generations along with the issues that make the new network take over that network.
2–Background:
A look back in the history, the first generation of telephony (1G) started in the early of 1980s. This network was designed to carry analog voice data.
The (1G) networks were based on these standard TACS, NMT, C–Nets and AMPS. In the early of 1990s the (2G) networks came as a digital network
comparing to the analog in (1G). That was the first digital cellular network after the switches that were supported digital calls by using actual 0s and
1s. The (2G) networks were supported by these standards D–AMPS, Code Division Multiple Access One (CDMAOne) and Global System of Mobile
Communication (GSM). The second generation of telephony (2G) was offered a higher capacity, improved security and improved the voice quality.
The (2G) technology was offered a

The Development of Wireless Communication Leading to the Alexanderson Alternator
Not much has changed in human nature in the past couple centuries. When we want something, we desire exactly what we want without deviation and
we wish to have it quickly. This is as evident in modern times as it was in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
It is difficult to imagine for the modern man, but there was once a time when messages and information had to be delivered by hand, horseback or
by vehicle. This was a very big problem in a world that was expanding and evolving rapidly and was full of growing local and international turmoil.
The more the world began to expand, the harder it became to relay messages and information, and the...show more content...
Orsted was dumbfounded about his discovery, but had no way of explaining how it was possible that the electrical current had an effect on the
magnetic needle of the compass. After reading about Orsted's results, a man by the name of AndrГ©–Marie AmpГЁre sought to find the reason for this
occurrence and what he discovered changed the field of electrical engineering forever. "He demonstrated that when two wires were placed parallel to
one another, both carrying an electric current, they'd either be attracted to or repulsed by each other depending on which directions the currents were
traveling." [4]. Ampere later created what is known as Ampere's Law which relateselectricity and magnetism.
So why was this relationship between electricity and magnetism so important to the field of electrical information transmission? This question began to
be answered by a man named Joseph Henry in 1830. Intrigued by the recent innovation of electromagnetism, Henry decided to test its effectiveness in
the field of electrical transmission. Henry decided that if he passed current through one end of a transmission wire he could use the current to activate
an electromagnet at its opposite end. Henry attached a bell to the electromagnet a mile from his current emission point and was able to ring the bell by
sending current through the line. [2] This telegraph system was brilliant, but Samuel Morse saw even more potential in the model.

Essay on Wireless Communication Security
Wireless Communication Security
Abstract
In today's society advances in technology are growing rapidly. Businesses and people are taking full advantage of the improving ways of transmitting
data internally and externally. One of the mediums today in transmitting data is via wireless communication systems.
It is obvious that this data will need to be secure for many reasons. These will be the questions I will pose in this paper. Will this be a secure means of
transmitting data? How sure are we of the means of security that we have available to us as consumers of this technology?
The answers to these questions will be in a form of an opinion that I will have developed myself. I am not qualified to give a...show more content...
Thus, we need to examine what our security is and if we as consumers are comfortable with that or not.
Statement of the Problem
Is the wireless communication systems secure with the standards that have been put into place by the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers). Will the protocol standards set in place by 802.11b meet the criteria of your specific needs, whether it is professional or business? Will the
rapid changes in the technology continually affect the systems capabilities of ensuring secure data transmitting? In some of the mediums we use for
wireless communication, for example mobile phones, can we have enough battery power for implementing proper security protocols? Should we
continue to set new goals in security protocols to combat the rapidly changing technology?
Review of Literature
First, I am going to review the wireless communication section, which will be aimed at more of business and home personal computer use. These
same methods will also apply to mobile phone use, but at this point I want to be more specific in discussing the IEEE (802.11) protocol standards in
these systems.

"The 802.11 standard for wireless networks include a WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) protocol, used to protect link–layer communications from
eavesdropping and other attacks." In this WEP protocol, they use two techniques, "Authentication

Wireless Networking Essay
Wireless Networking
The term wireless networking is a technology that enables two or more computers to communicate using standard network protocols without network
cabling. The industry standard mainly used for wireless networking is IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers) 802.11. What this
standard is could be described as a wireless network with hardware that requires the use of technology, which deals with radio frequencies as well as
data transmission.
There are two kinds of wireless networks, Ad–Hoc (Peer to Peer), or access point (base station). Ad–Hoc (Peer to Peer) consists of a number of
computers each equipped with a wireless networking interface card. Each computer can communicate to other wireless enabled...show more content...
A software access point does not limit the type or number of network interfaces you use. It is very flexible in providing access to different network
types such as different types of Ethernet, Wireless, and Token Ring networks.
As mentioned before, software access points can offer more features like Internet access, web caching or content filtering, which are useful to some
users and administrators.
The range of a wireless network is finite. With this limitation overlapping of access points are needed for seamless use. Use of wireless networking
indoors can range from 150 to 300 feet; outdoor range can be up to 1000 feet (depending on vender of equipment). Other variables of performance are
the environment and building construction. The further you are from an access point the performance will also degrade.
Multiple access points are needed for roaming building a steady network connection by monitoring the signal strength from in range access points and
locking on to the one with the best quality. The amount of connections that can use an access point depends on the manufacturer. Some are limited to
ten and other more expensive access point's support up to one hundred connections. Using more computers than recommended will degrade the
performance and reliability of all the connections at that access point. It is

4g Technology. Essay
ABSTRACT
4G TECHNOLOGIES
Wireless technology has transformed our lives in many ways. Until very recently, we needed a computer wired to a port, to get online. Even wired
telephones are becoming a thing of past. Nowadays, we use our mobile phones for banking, to check ticket availability at a Cinema Hall, and many
more. Wireless communication is the transfer of information over a distance without the use of enhanced electrical conductors or "wires". And,
Wireless networking refers to any kind of networking that does not involve cables. It helps in saving the cost of cables for networking in addition to
providing the mobility. There are different types of wireless networks defined on the basis of their size, range and data transfer...show more content...
GPRS (CS1 to CS4) uses GMSK modulation with symbol rate (& modulation rate) of 270 ksym/s. Typical data rate of GPRS is ~115 kbps. It can be
used for services such as Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) access, Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) and for accessinginternet.
IS–95B or cdmaOne is the evolved version of IS–95A and is also designated as 2.5G with theoretical data rates of upto 115 kbps, with generally
experienced rates of 64 kbps. 2.75 – EDGE (Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution) – EDGE (EGPRS) is an abbreviation for Enhanced Data rates for
GSM Evolution, is a digital mobile phone technology, invented by AT&T. EDGE technology is an extended version of GSM & works in GSM
networks. EDGE is add–on to GPRS and can function on any network with GPRS deployed on it, provided the carrier implements the necessary
upgrades. It allows the clear and fast transmission of data. One need not install any additional hardware and software in order to make use of EDGE
Technology. Also, there are no additional charges for utilizing this technology. Uses 9 Modulation coding schemes (MCS1
–9). MCS (1–4) uses GMSK,
while MCS (5–9) uses 8PSK modulation. 8PSK Increases throughput by 3x (8–PSK – 3 bits/symbol vs GMSK 1 bit/symbol). Modulation bit rate is
810 kbps. It offers data rates of 384kbps, theoretically up to 473.6kbps.
Third Generation Technology (3G)
3G – G systems promise faster communications services, entailing voice, and fax

Wireless Communication Has Changed Our World

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Wireless Communication Has Changed Our World