The nervous system consists of nerves that control and coordinate all body functions and systems. It has three primary functions - sensory input, information processing, and motor output. The basic functional unit of the nervous system is the neuron. There are three types of neurons - sensory, motor, and interneurons. The brain is the control center and is divided into regions including the cerebrum, brainstem, and cerebellum that control various functions like movement, senses, reasoning, and balance. The spinal cord relays messages between the brain and body and is divided into cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral regions.