Nerve supply of smooth and skeltal muscle.pptx
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Skeletal muscle is supplied by somatic nerves. The nerve to a skeletal muscle is a mixed nerve containing 60% motor and 40% sensory fibers
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This document provides information on neuromuscular disorders and the nervous system. It discusses the basic structure and function of neurons, nerves, and muscles. It describes the somatic motor and sensory systems, including reflex activity. It also covers the autonomic nervous system and peripheral nerves. Key aspects of skeletal muscle such as fiber types, contraction, and wasting are summarized. The document concludes with sections on clinical assessment, including history, examination techniques, imaging, and neurophysiological studies.
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1. A motor unit consists of a single alpha motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates. Motor units allow for graded muscle contraction and varying degrees of muscle force and precision of movement.
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1) The document discusses the knee jerk reflex and stretch reflex, which are monosynaptic reflexes involving the muscle spindle.
2) The muscle spindle contains intrafusal fibers that act as proprioceptors. Primary and secondary endings in the muscle spindle sense changes in muscle length and relay signals to the spinal cord.
3) The stretch reflex arc involves muscle spindles sensing stretch and activating alpha motor neurons, causing contraction of the same muscle and opposing the stretch. This reflex helps maintain muscle tone and posture.
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Skeletal muscle cells (myocytes) form long, cylindrical, multinucleated fibers that contract to generate movement. Each fiber contains bundled myofibrils composed of actin and myosin filaments. Nerve impulses trigger calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, allowing myosin heads to attach to actin and generate force as they detach due to ATP hydrolysis, shortening the sarcomere. Muscle relaxation occurs when calcium is resequestered in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, detaching actin and myosin.
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Muscles helps in movement, support and protection of internal organs.
Muscles can perform variety of functions
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These are having close relationship to the bone or skeleton, so called Skeletal muscles
It present in limbs and related body parts & It form about 40% of body weight.
Under microscope the skeletal muscles fibers shows prominent striations, so called “Striated Muscles” & It is also known as “Voluntary Muscles” (movements are under our control)
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Muscle fibers shows transverse striations under light microscope so it is called “striated muscles”
The nucleus is located peripherally.
Each skeletal muscle is an organ that consists of numerous cells called muscle fibers.
Each muscle fibers surrounded by “ Endomysium”
Inside each skeletal muscle, muscle fibers are organized into bundles, called fascicles, each fascicle surrounded by perimysium.
The whole muscle is covered by “epimysium”
Each skeletal muscle has three layers: endomysium, perimysium and epimysium
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The actual arrangement of the fibres depending on the function of the muscle.
Each muscle fibers covered by a membrane is called the sarcolemma.
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Muscles are composed of tubular cells called myocytes, known as muscle fibres in striated muscle, and these cells in turn contain many chains of myofibrils.
They are created during embryonic development in a process known as myogenesis.
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Light band or “I” Band and Dark band or “A” Band
The alternating pattern of these bands results in the striated appearance of skeletal muscle.
Light band or “I” Band:
The I-bands (isotropic in polarized light) appear light in color.
I band divided into 2 portions by a narrow dark line called “Z” line or “Z” Disc.
This “Z” line is formed by protein which does not permit the light.
The part in between 2 “Z” lines called “sarc
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The document summarizes the basic structure and function of the nervous system. It is divided into the central nervous system (CNS), which contains the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which includes cranial and spinal nerves. The PNS has two divisions - the somatic nervous system, which controls voluntary skeletal muscles and relays sensory information, and the autonomic nervous system, which controls involuntary functions like digestion. The autonomic nervous system has two branches - the sympathetic branch which prepares the body for stress, and the parasympathetic branch which maintains normal functions at rest. Neurons are the basic functional units that receive, conduct and connect information, while glia provide neurons with support.
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Types and structure of muscles
Muscle groups
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Muscles tissue is made up of cells called “MYOCYTES” or muscle fibers.
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These are having close relationship to the bone or skeleton, so called Skeletal muscles
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Under microscope the skeletal muscles fibers shows prominent striations, so called “Striated Muscles” & It is also known as “Voluntary Muscles” (movements are under our control)
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Muscle fibers shows transverse striations under light microscope so it is called “striated muscles”
The nucleus is located peripherally.
Each skeletal muscle is an organ that consists of numerous cells called muscle fibers.
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Light band or “I” Band:
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Nerve supply of smooth and skeltal muscle.pptx
- 1. MUSCLES
- 2. Content Nerve supply of skeletal muscle Nerve supply of smooth muscle
- 3. NERVE SUPPLY OF SKELETAL MUSCLE The nerve supplying a muscle is called motor nerve. In fact it is a mixed nerve and consists of the following types of fibres. Motor Fibers 60 % Sensory Fibers 40%
- 5. .Motor fibres (60%) comprise: (a) Large myelinated alpha efferents which supply extrafusal muscle fibres (b) Smaller myelinated gamma efferents which supply intrafusal fibres of the muscle spindles which refine and control muscle contraction. (c) The fine non-myelinated autonomic efferents which supply smooth muscle fibres of the blood vessels.
- 7. .Sensory fibres (40%) comprise: Myelinated fibres distributed to muscle spindles for proprioception, also to tendons. Muscle spindles are spindle-shaped sensory end organs of the skeletal muscle. Each spindle contains 6-14 intrafusal muscle fibres Muscles which are of two types, the larger nuclear bag fibres, and the smaller nuclear chain fibres
- 9. NERVE SUPLY TO SPINDLE The spindle is innervated by both the sensory and motor nerves. The sensory endings are of two types, the primary sensory endings (annulospiral endings) around the central nuclear region of the intrafusal fibres, and the secondary sensory endings (flower spray endings) beyond the nuclear region on either side of these fibres.
- 10. Motor point It is the site where the motor nerve enters the muscle. It may be one or more than one. Electrical stimulation at the motor point is more effective
- 11. Motor unit (myone) It is defined as a single alpha motor neuron together with the muscle fibres supplied by it. The size of motor unit depends upon the precision of muscle control. Small motor units (5-10 muscle fibres) are found in muscles of fine movements (extraocular muscles). Large motor units (100-2000 muscle fibres) are found in muscles of gross movements (proximal limb muscles).
- 12. Composite/hybrid muscle: Muscle supplied by two different motor nerves with different root values is called a composite or hybrid muscle, e.g. adductor magnus, flexor digitorum profundus and pectoralis major.
- 14. Nerve Supply of Smooth Muscle According to nerve supply the smooth muscles are classified into: Single-unit type: Seen in intestines. The nerve impulse reaches one muscle cell, is transmitted to other cells by the mechanical pull through the fused cell membrane. The nerve supply is sparse. Multi-unit type: Seen in the muscles of the ductus deferens. Each muscle cell receives a separate nerve fibre. The contraction is simultaneous. The nerve supply is rich
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