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Neoclassicism Art Hsitory continued
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- 2. What are theArtistic Elements of Neoclassicism?Geometric harmony of classical art and architecture
- 3. New innovative buildingmaterials
- 4. Portrait painting againstlandscapes
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- 6. Moral and honorabledeeds
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- 9. No trace ofbrush strokesAntonio Canova, Cupid and Psyche, 1787-1793, Marble
- 11. Antonio Canova, PaulineBorghese as Venus, 1808, Marble
- 12. Jacque Louis David,Death of Socrates, 1787, patrons-the Trudaine de Montigny brothers
- 13. Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, GrandeOdalisque, 1814, Oil on Canvas
- 14. Angelica Kauffmann, CorneliaPresenting Her Children as her Treasures, or Mother of the Gracchi, 1785, oil on canvas.
- 15. Benjamin West, TheDeath of General Wolfe, 1771, oil on canvas
- 16. Pierre Vignon, LaMadeleine, Paris, France, 1807-1842, patron Napoleon
- 17. Ten Minute EssayQuestion:Everyone must write it on lined paper; No more use of your computers or emailing me your answers, after the fact. Attribute a painting from either the Neoclassicist or Enlightenment period. Justify the stylistic attributions by discussing specific characteristics in the painting that are commonly associated with the art-historical style.
Editor's Notes
- #4 Which elements of Neoclassicism are represented here, where and how? Geometric harmony of classical art and architectureGeometric harmony: wings are in a V; Moral and honorable deeds: sincere dedication to their ill fated loveInspire virtue:Loyalty shown in the look they have for one anotherNapoleon’s favorite sculptorAlthough Italian, he settled in Paris
- #6 Napoleon’s sister, married the Borghese family of Rome, insisted on being displayed as Venus and lived up to the goddess of love in rome, she was an embarrassment to her husband, Prince Camillo Borghese. It was an arranged marriageWhat are the Greek Hellenistic elements? Sensuous pose, semi nude, movement of arms twisted head, drapery, Venus de MiloWhat are Roman Characteristics? Reclining figure on the Etruscan sarcophagus lids
- #7 Commissioned by the Trudaine de Montigny brothers, leaders in the call for a free market system and more public discussion, this work depicts the closing moments of the life of Socrates. Condemned to death or exile by the Athenian government for his teaching methods which aroused skepticism and impiety in his students, Socrates heroically rejected exile and accepted death from hemlock. For months, David and his friends debated and discussed the importance of this picture. It was to be another father figure asOath of Horatiiunjustly condemned but who sacrifices himself for an abstract principle. Contrasting the movements of the energetic but firmly controlled Socrates, and his swooning disciples,Distribution of light and dark accents, David transforms what might have been only a fashionable picture of martyrdom to a clarion call for nobility and self-control even in the face of death. Here the philosopher continues to speak even while reaching for the cup, demonstrating his indifference to death and his unyielding commitment to his ideals. Most of his disciplines and slaves swirl around him in grief, betraying the weakness of emotionalism. His wife is seen only in the distance leaving the prison. Only Plato, at the foot of the bed and Crito grasping his master's leg, seem in control of themselves. For contemporaries the scene could only call up memories of the recently abandoned attempt at reform, the dissolution of the Assembly of Notables in 1787, and the large number of political prisoners in the king's jails or in exile. David certainly intended this scene as a rebuke to cringing souls. On the eve of the Revolution, this picture served as a trumpet call to duty, and resistance to unjust authority. Thomas Jefferson was present at its unveiling, and admired it immensely.
- #8 Student of DavidBroke with David on matter of styleBelieved in a more pure Greek styleAdopted flat and linear forms,Figure painted in the foreground, like a low relief sculptureWhat is Neoclassic about this painting?No brush strokes, that’s about itGot away from NeoclassicismIdeal form Reclining nude like? Giorgione and titianWhat artist does he duplicate in the face and head? Raphael type female head and faceWhat period does the Small head, Elongated limbs, Cool color scheme reveal? Mannerism, his love of Parmigianino But…by converting the figure to an odalisque (woman Turkish harem) appealed to the romantic taste for the exoticMixture of artistic allegiances drew acid criticismThe criticism remained until Delacroix another rebel against official styles entered the art scene.Ingres hated Delacroix’s barbarism, also shown in Theodore Gericault Ingres saw himself as a conservator of good and true art, a protector of its principles against its would be destroyers
- #9 Angelica Kaufman, one of the pioneers in Neoclassical paintingBorn in Switzerland, trained in Italy and painted in EnglandFounding member of the British Royal Academy of ArtsThis work is exemplum virtutis(example or model of virtue, which is drawn from Greek and roman History and literature)How does Kaufmann exemplify Enlightenment? Fascination with classical antiquity and classical art.What is neoclassical about this painting? Clothing, stature, Theme is the virtue of Cornelia, mother of the future political leaders, Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus, who attempted to reform the Roman Republic. What is the seated visitor doing? Showing off her fine jewelry, Cornelia doesn’t show hers she presents her sons as if they are jewels. What is the architectural setting? Roman, with simplicity and firmness of a low relief sculpture.
- #10 West was American, born in Pennsylvania, Studied art in Europe when he was young, went to England where he became an immediate success.Cofounder of the Royal Academy of Arts, official painter of King George the III, even during the American Revolution.Work is the exact moment of his death after the battle of Quebec in 1759, which gave Canada to the BritishCharacters are in contemporary uniforms that aren’t accurate, What styles are shown here? Realism, mannerism, theatricality, tears, movement, Romanticism, similar to the death of a martyred saint.This style of painting influenced history paintings into the 19th century.
- #11 dedicated to St. Mary Magdalene in ParisBegan in 1764 but work stopped in 1790Nepolean wanted a “temple of glory” for his armies based on ancient temples with neoclassical styleVignon linked the Roman empire and Napoleonic designs.What is Roman- Greco ? Corinthian Columns, carved reliefs on the pediment (greek), high podium, deep front porch, broad stairs in the front.Inside is Romanesque and byzantine domes.