Negotiable Instruments
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This document provides an overview of negotiable instruments under the Negotiable Instruments Act 1881 in India. It defines a negotiable instrument and discusses how they are easily transferable through delivery and endorsement. A holder in due course takes the instrument in good faith, for value, without defects in the transferor's title. The document also discusses key concepts like holders, endorsement, crossing of cheques, material alterations, and payment of negotiable instruments in 3 sentences or less.
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Promissory note ppt, negotiable instrument act.
NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS ACT, 1881
STRUCTURE
1.0 Objectives
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Meaning of Negotiable Instruments
1.3 Characteristics of a negotiable instrument
1.4 Presumptions as to negotiable instrument
1.5 Types of negotiable Instrument
1.5.1 Promissory notes
1.5.2 Bill of exchange
1.5.3 Cheques
1.5.4 Hundis
1.6 Parties to negotiable instruments
1.6.1 Parties to Bill of Exchange
1.6.2 Parties to a Promissory Note
1.6.3 Parties to a Cheque
1.7 Negotiation
1.7.1 Modes of negotiation
1.8 Assignment
1.8.1 Negotiation and Assignment Distinguished
1.8.2 Importance of delivery in negotiation
1.9 Endorsement
1.10 Instruments without Consideration
1.11 Holder in Due Course
1.promissory note 2.bill of exchange 3.cheque
The document discusses various types of negotiable instruments including promissory notes, bills of exchange, and cheques.
[1] A promissory note is a written promise by a maker to pay a specified sum of money to the payee. A bill of exchange contains an unconditional order by the drawer for the drawee to pay a specified sum to the payee. A cheque is a type of bill of exchange that is drawn on a bank and payable on demand.
[2] The key parties for each instrument are identified - maker and payee for promissory notes, drawer, drawee, and payee for bills of exchange. Cheques have a drawer, specified bank
Negotiable instruments act, 1881
The document provides an overview of negotiable instruments under the Negotiable Instruments Act of 1881. It defines key terms like promissory note, bill of exchange, cheque, negotiation, endorsement and holder. It describes the essential elements and parties to different types of negotiable instruments. Specifically, it outlines the characteristics of a promissory note, discusses the mechanics of bill financing, and compares bills of exchange and cheques. The document aims to educate on the basic concepts and provisions related to negotiable instruments in India.
Negotiable instrument negotiable instrumentsact1881
This document provides an overview of negotiable instruments under the Negotiable Instruments Act 1881. It defines key terms like promissory note, bill of exchange, cheque, inland and foreign instruments. It describes the essential elements and parties involved in promissory notes, bills of exchange and cheques. It also discusses negotiation, crossing of cheques, presumptions related to negotiable instruments and endorsement.
Pledge
Pledge is the bailment of goods as security for repayment of a debt or performance of a promise. The pledger (bailor) delivers possession of movable property to the pledgee (bailee) as security. The pledgee has the right to retain the goods until repayment of the debt and expenses. The pledger can redeem the goods by repaying the debt within the agreed time or any subsequent time before goods are sold. Duties include the pledgee taking reasonable care of goods and the pledger repaying the debt. A non-owner can also pledge goods in some situations like a mercantile agent pledging with owner's consent.
Crossing of cheque
A cheque is a written order from a customer to their bank to pay a specified sum of money to a payee. It has three key parties - the drawer (customer), drawee (bank), and payee (recipient of funds). There are different types of cheques including bearer, open, crossed, generally crossed, specially crossed, not negotiable, and restrictively crossed ("account payee") cheques. Crossed cheques provide more security than open cheques by requiring payment through a bank instead of in cash over the counter.
Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881
The document provides an overview of the Negotiable Instruments Act of 1881. It defines key terms like negotiable instrument and discusses the characteristics of negotiable instruments. It outlines the three main types of negotiable instruments - promissory notes, bills of exchange, and cheques. For each type, it provides examples and discusses their essential elements. It also compares and contrasts promissory notes and bills of exchange, and discusses additional qualifications for cheques. Finally, it covers topics like crossing of cheques and the different types of crossing.
Dishonour of negtiable instrument
This document discusses negotiable instruments, dishonour of negotiable instruments, and discharge of negotiable instruments and parties. It defines a negotiable instrument and outlines ways an instrument can be dishonored, including non-acceptance and non-payment. It also discusses the effect of dishonour and how instruments and parties can be discharged, such as through payment, insolvency, or cancellation with intent to release liability. The document provides information on how one or more parties can be discharged from liability on an instrument through various means like cancellation, release, or failure to give notice of dishonour.
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Promissory note ppt, negotiable instrument act.
NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS ACT, 1881
STRUCTURE
1.0 Objectives
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Meaning of Negotiable Instruments
1.3 Characteristics of a negotiable instrument
1.4 Presumptions as to negotiable instrument
1.5 Types of negotiable Instrument
1.5.1 Promissory notes
1.5.2 Bill of exchange
1.5.3 Cheques
1.5.4 Hundis
1.6 Parties to negotiable instruments
1.6.1 Parties to Bill of Exchange
1.6.2 Parties to a Promissory Note
1.6.3 Parties to a Cheque
1.7 Negotiation
1.7.1 Modes of negotiation
1.8 Assignment
1.8.1 Negotiation and Assignment Distinguished
1.8.2 Importance of delivery in negotiation
1.9 Endorsement
1.10 Instruments without Consideration
1.11 Holder in Due Course
1.promissory note 2.bill of exchange 3.cheque
The document discusses various types of negotiable instruments including promissory notes, bills of exchange, and cheques.
[1] A promissory note is a written promise by a maker to pay a specified sum of money to the payee. A bill of exchange contains an unconditional order by the drawer for the drawee to pay a specified sum to the payee. A cheque is a type of bill of exchange that is drawn on a bank and payable on demand.
[2] The key parties for each instrument are identified - maker and payee for promissory notes, drawer, drawee, and payee for bills of exchange. Cheques have a drawer, specified bank
Negotiable instruments act, 1881
The document provides an overview of negotiable instruments under the Negotiable Instruments Act of 1881. It defines key terms like promissory note, bill of exchange, cheque, negotiation, endorsement and holder. It describes the essential elements and parties to different types of negotiable instruments. Specifically, it outlines the characteristics of a promissory note, discusses the mechanics of bill financing, and compares bills of exchange and cheques. The document aims to educate on the basic concepts and provisions related to negotiable instruments in India.
Negotiable instrument negotiable instrumentsact1881
This document provides an overview of negotiable instruments under the Negotiable Instruments Act 1881. It defines key terms like promissory note, bill of exchange, cheque, inland and foreign instruments. It describes the essential elements and parties involved in promissory notes, bills of exchange and cheques. It also discusses negotiation, crossing of cheques, presumptions related to negotiable instruments and endorsement.
Pledge
Pledge is the bailment of goods as security for repayment of a debt or performance of a promise. The pledger (bailor) delivers possession of movable property to the pledgee (bailee) as security. The pledgee has the right to retain the goods until repayment of the debt and expenses. The pledger can redeem the goods by repaying the debt within the agreed time or any subsequent time before goods are sold. Duties include the pledgee taking reasonable care of goods and the pledger repaying the debt. A non-owner can also pledge goods in some situations like a mercantile agent pledging with owner's consent.
Crossing of cheque
A cheque is a written order from a customer to their bank to pay a specified sum of money to a payee. It has three key parties - the drawer (customer), drawee (bank), and payee (recipient of funds). There are different types of cheques including bearer, open, crossed, generally crossed, specially crossed, not negotiable, and restrictively crossed ("account payee") cheques. Crossed cheques provide more security than open cheques by requiring payment through a bank instead of in cash over the counter.
Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881
The document provides an overview of the Negotiable Instruments Act of 1881. It defines key terms like negotiable instrument and discusses the characteristics of negotiable instruments. It outlines the three main types of negotiable instruments - promissory notes, bills of exchange, and cheques. For each type, it provides examples and discusses their essential elements. It also compares and contrasts promissory notes and bills of exchange, and discusses additional qualifications for cheques. Finally, it covers topics like crossing of cheques and the different types of crossing.
Dishonour of negtiable instrument
This document discusses negotiable instruments, dishonour of negotiable instruments, and discharge of negotiable instruments and parties. It defines a negotiable instrument and outlines ways an instrument can be dishonored, including non-acceptance and non-payment. It also discusses the effect of dishonour and how instruments and parties can be discharged, such as through payment, insolvency, or cancellation with intent to release liability. The document provides information on how one or more parties can be discharged from liability on an instrument through various means like cancellation, release, or failure to give notice of dishonour.
Contract of guarantee-business law
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Negotiable instruments
This document provides an overview of negotiable instruments under the Negotiable Instruments Act 1881. It defines negotiable instruments as written documents that entitle the holder to a sum of money. It discusses the key characteristics of negotiable instruments, including being freely transferable, giving the holder free title, and entitling the holder to recovery. The main types of negotiable instruments - promissory notes, bills of exchange, and cheques - are described. Key parties and elements of each type are defined, including makers, payees, endorsers, drawers, and drawees. The document also covers negotiation, dishonor by non-payment and non-acceptance, noting, protesting, holders, and holder in
Negotiable instruments
This document defines and explains negotiable instruments. It begins by stating that a negotiable instrument is a written document that entitles the holder to a sum of money and can be transferred through delivery or endorsement. It then lists the key characteristics of negotiable instruments, including being freely transferable and the holder having clear title. The document goes on to define the main types of negotiable instruments - promissory notes, bills of exchange, and cheques - and explains the essential components and parties involved in each.
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prospectus,types of prospectus liability for the mis statement in the prospectus,and remedies available.
DISHONOUR OF CHEQUES
This document discusses dishonored cheques under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act 1881 in India. It defines what a cheque is and different types of cheques. It explains that a cheque is dishonored if the bank does not credit it for reasons like insufficient funds or signature mismatch. The document outlines the 5 ingredients required for an offense under Section 138 and the legal procedure for filing a complaint, including sending a demand notice within 30 days, allowing 15 days for payment, and filing a complaint within 30 days of the cause of action. It notes the punishment for dishonoring a cheque is up to 2 years imprisonment and a fine up to twice the cheque amount. Some possible defenses in such cases are also listed.
endorsement of cheques
Endorsement refers to signing one's name on the back of a negotiable instrument like a cheque in order to transfer ownership to another person. There are several types of endorsements - blank or general endorsement allows further negotiation by delivery, special or full endorsement specifies the next endorsee, and restrictive, conditional, sans recourse, facultative, and sans frais endorsements modify the endorser's liability. A valid endorsement must be made in ink, on the instrument, by a holder or maker of the instrument through their signature, and completed through delivery. Endorsement allows the transfer of rights, guarantees prior signatures, and makes the endorser liable if the instrument is dishonored.
Negotiable instrument act 1881 & Types of Negotiable Instrument
In this presentaion concept of negotiable instrument, types of negotiable instrument, holder and holder in due course, endorsement , how endorsement is done, kinds of endorsement insturment obtain by unlawful means and dishonor is included.
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This document discusses contracts of indemnity and guarantee under Indian contract law. It defines a contract of indemnity as one where one party promises to save the other from losses caused by the promisor or a third party. It provides an example of Mr. A failing to return to India as promised, making him liable to reimburse the government. It also outlines essential elements, rights of indemnified parties, and types of guarantees.
BOUNCING OF CHEQUE
The document discusses various aspects of bouncing of cheques such as grounds for dishonour, requirements for filing a case under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, penalties, jurisdiction of courts, process of filing a case, stages of trial and appeal process. It provides details on who can be prosecuted for cheque bouncing, defenses available, changes made by amendments and steps involved in legal recourse for cheque dishonour.
Negotiable instruments act, 1881 22
The document provides an overview of negotiable instruments under Indian law. It defines key negotiable instruments like promissory notes, bills of exchange, and cheques. It outlines their essential elements, parties involved, and examples. The document also discusses negotiation, endorsement, and types of endorsement. The key information covered includes definitions of negotiable instruments, their distinguishing features, types like inland/foreign bills and time/demand bills, and roles of parties in promissory notes, bills of exchange, and cheques.
difference between void contracts and void agreement
This document summarizes the key differences between void agreements and void contracts under Indian contract law. It explains that void agreements are not enforceable by law from the very beginning due to missing essential elements, like consideration or involving a minor. Void contracts, on the other hand, become unenforceable later due to supervening events that make performance impossible, like an outbreak of war. The document provides a table that outlines the main differences between void agreements and void contracts in terms of enforceability, rights of third parties, effects of lapse of time, treatment under the Indian Contract Act, and ability to claim damages.
Chapter 05 Negotiable Instruments Act 1881
The document discusses key aspects of negotiable instruments under the Negotiable Instruments Act 1881 including definitions of promissory notes, bills of exchange, and cheques. It provides details on their essential characteristics and how they differ. A promissory note contains an unconditional undertaking signed by the maker to pay a certain sum of money. A bill of exchange is an unconditional order signed by the maker directing payment of a sum of money. A cheque is a bill of exchange drawn on a specified banker and payable on demand.
Negotiable instruments act 1881
The document discusses key aspects of negotiable instruments under the Negotiable Instruments Act 1881 in India. It defines negotiable instruments as promissory notes, bills of exchange, and checks. It describes how instruments can be negotiable by statute or usage and the methods and essentials of negotiation, endorsement, and transfer. It also discusses the characteristics, presumptions, types (promissory notes, bills of exchange, checks), crossing and endorsement of negotiable instruments.
The Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881
The document discusses negotiable instruments under Indian law. It states that according to the Negotiable Instruments Act of 1881, only three types of instruments are considered negotiable in India: promissory notes, bills of exchange, and cheques. It defines each of these instruments and outlines some of their key characteristics.
Negotiable instruments act 1881
This document summarizes the key aspects of negotiable instruments under Indian law. It defines negotiable instruments as documents transferable by delivery that create rights, including promissory notes, bills of exchange, and cheques. It outlines the essential elements and parties involved in promissory notes, bills of exchange, and cheques. It also discusses negotiation, endorsement, liability of parties, and other important concepts regarding negotiable instruments.
The negotiable-instruments-act-1881 (2)
The document discusses key aspects of negotiable instruments under the Negotiable Instruments Act of 1881 in India. It covers:
1) The main types of negotiable instruments like promissory notes, bills of exchange, and cheques. It explains their essential elements and differences.
2) Key parties to negotiable instruments like drawers, drawees, makers, payees, holders, and endorsers. It also discusses capacities of different parties.
3) Important concepts like crossing of cheques, classification of instruments, presumption of consideration, and distinction between payment in due course vs other payments.
4) The characteristics and requirements to qualify as a holder in due course, who has additional rights
Cheque meaning crossing and types
1) A cheque is a negotiable instrument that orders a bank to pay a specific amount of money from a person's account to the person in whose name the cheque is made out.
2) Cheques can be crossed or uncrossed. A crossed cheque can only be deposited into a bank account, while an uncrossed cheque can be cashed over the bank counter.
3) The essential features of a cheque include being in writing, drawn on a specific bank, unconditional, signed by the account holder, and payable on demand.
Duties & rights of buyer,seller
The document outlines the key steps in forming a contract of sale:
1. Identifying the parties and date of agreement.
2. Providing a detailed description of the goods/services, quality, and industry standards.
3. Stating the price, payment terms, schedule, and method.
4. Including details around delivery such as time, place, costs, and liability for damages.
5. Covering additional provisions like warranties, breach, confidentiality, severability, and legal terms.
Law the negotiable instruments act 1881
The document summarizes key aspects of negotiable instruments under the Negotiable Instruments Act 1881 including promissory notes, bills of exchange, and cheques. It defines each instrument, outlines their essential elements and characteristics, and distinguishes between them. The key takeaways are that negotiable instruments must be freely transferable, give the holder clear title, and can be transferred indefinitely until maturity.
Contract+2
Quasi contracts are obligations imposed by law that are not true contracts as one or more essential elements of a contract are missing. They are based on principles of equity and justice to prevent unjust enrichment. Some types of quasi contracts include recovery of money paid by mistake or under coercion, or for necessaries provided. Quantum meruit allows recovery of payment for work done even if the full contract is not completed, in proportion to the work performed. Breach of contract involves failing to meet obligations of an agreement. Available remedies for the injured party include rescission, damages, specific performance, injunctions, and quantum meruit claims.
the negotiable instruments act 1881
The document discusses key concepts around negotiable instruments under the Negotiable Instruments Act of 1881 in India. It defines negotiable instruments and outlines the main types recognized by law: bills of exchange, checks, and promissory notes. For each type, it describes the essential elements and parties involved, using examples. It also briefly discusses concepts like dishonor, notary public, noting, and protest related to negotiable instruments.
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This document provides an overview of negotiable instruments under the Negotiable Instruments Act 1881. It defines negotiable instruments as written documents that entitle the holder to a sum of money. It discusses the key characteristics of negotiable instruments, including being freely transferable, giving the holder free title, and entitling the holder to recovery. The main types of negotiable instruments - promissory notes, bills of exchange, and cheques - are described. Key parties and elements of each type are defined, including makers, payees, endorsers, drawers, and drawees. The document also covers negotiation, dishonor by non-payment and non-acceptance, noting, protesting, holders, and holder in
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This document defines and explains negotiable instruments. It begins by stating that a negotiable instrument is a written document that entitles the holder to a sum of money and can be transferred through delivery or endorsement. It then lists the key characteristics of negotiable instruments, including being freely transferable and the holder having clear title. The document goes on to define the main types of negotiable instruments - promissory notes, bills of exchange, and cheques - and explains the essential components and parties involved in each.
Prospectus and liability for the misstatement in the prospectus.
prospectus,types of prospectus liability for the mis statement in the prospectus,and remedies available.
DISHONOUR OF CHEQUES
This document discusses dishonored cheques under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act 1881 in India. It defines what a cheque is and different types of cheques. It explains that a cheque is dishonored if the bank does not credit it for reasons like insufficient funds or signature mismatch. The document outlines the 5 ingredients required for an offense under Section 138 and the legal procedure for filing a complaint, including sending a demand notice within 30 days, allowing 15 days for payment, and filing a complaint within 30 days of the cause of action. It notes the punishment for dishonoring a cheque is up to 2 years imprisonment and a fine up to twice the cheque amount. Some possible defenses in such cases are also listed.
endorsement of cheques
Endorsement refers to signing one's name on the back of a negotiable instrument like a cheque in order to transfer ownership to another person. There are several types of endorsements - blank or general endorsement allows further negotiation by delivery, special or full endorsement specifies the next endorsee, and restrictive, conditional, sans recourse, facultative, and sans frais endorsements modify the endorser's liability. A valid endorsement must be made in ink, on the instrument, by a holder or maker of the instrument through their signature, and completed through delivery. Endorsement allows the transfer of rights, guarantees prior signatures, and makes the endorser liable if the instrument is dishonored.
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In this presentaion concept of negotiable instrument, types of negotiable instrument, holder and holder in due course, endorsement , how endorsement is done, kinds of endorsement insturment obtain by unlawful means and dishonor is included.
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This document discusses contracts of indemnity and guarantee under Indian contract law. It defines a contract of indemnity as one where one party promises to save the other from losses caused by the promisor or a third party. It provides an example of Mr. A failing to return to India as promised, making him liable to reimburse the government. It also outlines essential elements, rights of indemnified parties, and types of guarantees.
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The document discusses various aspects of bouncing of cheques such as grounds for dishonour, requirements for filing a case under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, penalties, jurisdiction of courts, process of filing a case, stages of trial and appeal process. It provides details on who can be prosecuted for cheque bouncing, defenses available, changes made by amendments and steps involved in legal recourse for cheque dishonour.
Negotiable instruments act, 1881 22
The document provides an overview of negotiable instruments under Indian law. It defines key negotiable instruments like promissory notes, bills of exchange, and cheques. It outlines their essential elements, parties involved, and examples. The document also discusses negotiation, endorsement, and types of endorsement. The key information covered includes definitions of negotiable instruments, their distinguishing features, types like inland/foreign bills and time/demand bills, and roles of parties in promissory notes, bills of exchange, and cheques.
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This document summarizes the key differences between void agreements and void contracts under Indian contract law. It explains that void agreements are not enforceable by law from the very beginning due to missing essential elements, like consideration or involving a minor. Void contracts, on the other hand, become unenforceable later due to supervening events that make performance impossible, like an outbreak of war. The document provides a table that outlines the main differences between void agreements and void contracts in terms of enforceability, rights of third parties, effects of lapse of time, treatment under the Indian Contract Act, and ability to claim damages.
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The document discusses key aspects of negotiable instruments under the Negotiable Instruments Act 1881 including definitions of promissory notes, bills of exchange, and cheques. It provides details on their essential characteristics and how they differ. A promissory note contains an unconditional undertaking signed by the maker to pay a certain sum of money. A bill of exchange is an unconditional order signed by the maker directing payment of a sum of money. A cheque is a bill of exchange drawn on a specified banker and payable on demand.
Negotiable instruments act 1881
The document discusses key aspects of negotiable instruments under the Negotiable Instruments Act 1881 in India. It defines negotiable instruments as promissory notes, bills of exchange, and checks. It describes how instruments can be negotiable by statute or usage and the methods and essentials of negotiation, endorsement, and transfer. It also discusses the characteristics, presumptions, types (promissory notes, bills of exchange, checks), crossing and endorsement of negotiable instruments.
The Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881
The document discusses negotiable instruments under Indian law. It states that according to the Negotiable Instruments Act of 1881, only three types of instruments are considered negotiable in India: promissory notes, bills of exchange, and cheques. It defines each of these instruments and outlines some of their key characteristics.
Negotiable instruments act 1881
This document summarizes the key aspects of negotiable instruments under Indian law. It defines negotiable instruments as documents transferable by delivery that create rights, including promissory notes, bills of exchange, and cheques. It outlines the essential elements and parties involved in promissory notes, bills of exchange, and cheques. It also discusses negotiation, endorsement, liability of parties, and other important concepts regarding negotiable instruments.
The negotiable-instruments-act-1881 (2)
The document discusses key aspects of negotiable instruments under the Negotiable Instruments Act of 1881 in India. It covers:
1) The main types of negotiable instruments like promissory notes, bills of exchange, and cheques. It explains their essential elements and differences.
2) Key parties to negotiable instruments like drawers, drawees, makers, payees, holders, and endorsers. It also discusses capacities of different parties.
3) Important concepts like crossing of cheques, classification of instruments, presumption of consideration, and distinction between payment in due course vs other payments.
4) The characteristics and requirements to qualify as a holder in due course, who has additional rights
Cheque meaning crossing and types
1) A cheque is a negotiable instrument that orders a bank to pay a specific amount of money from a person's account to the person in whose name the cheque is made out.
2) Cheques can be crossed or uncrossed. A crossed cheque can only be deposited into a bank account, while an uncrossed cheque can be cashed over the bank counter.
3) The essential features of a cheque include being in writing, drawn on a specific bank, unconditional, signed by the account holder, and payable on demand.
Duties & rights of buyer,seller
The document outlines the key steps in forming a contract of sale:
1. Identifying the parties and date of agreement.
2. Providing a detailed description of the goods/services, quality, and industry standards.
3. Stating the price, payment terms, schedule, and method.
4. Including details around delivery such as time, place, costs, and liability for damages.
5. Covering additional provisions like warranties, breach, confidentiality, severability, and legal terms.
Law the negotiable instruments act 1881
The document summarizes key aspects of negotiable instruments under the Negotiable Instruments Act 1881 including promissory notes, bills of exchange, and cheques. It defines each instrument, outlines their essential elements and characteristics, and distinguishes between them. The key takeaways are that negotiable instruments must be freely transferable, give the holder clear title, and can be transferred indefinitely until maturity.
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This document discusses negotiable instruments such as checks, promissory notes, and certificates of deposit. It covers key topics such as the nature and types of negotiable instruments, the benefits of negotiability, and the formal requirements for an instrument to be considered negotiable under the Uniform Commercial Code. The document provides an overview of negotiable instruments and then delves into more specific details about promises to pay money, orders to pay money, holders in due course, and the requirements an instrument must meet to qualify as negotiable, including being an unconditional written promise or order to pay a fixed sum of money.
Essential elements of valid
The document outlines the essential elements required for a valid contract according to Section 10 of the Indian Contract Act. The key elements discussed are: offer and acceptance, intention to create a legal relationship, lawful consideration, capacity of parties, free consent, lawful object, certainty, possibility of performance, not being declared void or illegal, and legal formalities. It provides details on each element, such as definitions of consideration and consent. The summary concludes that for a contract to be valid, it must contain all of these elements.
Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881
The document discusses key aspects of negotiable instruments under the Negotiable Instruments Act of 1881 in India. It defines negotiable instruments and outlines their key features. It describes the three main types of negotiable instruments - promissory notes, bills of exchange, and cheques. For each, it provides definitions, essential elements, examples and discusses parties involved. The document also covers topics like negotiation, endorsement, and obligations in cases of dishonour.
Negotiable Instruments Act 1881
The document summarizes key aspects of negotiable instruments law in India as defined by the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881. It defines negotiable instruments as written documents that are freely transferable and create a monetary obligation. The three main types of negotiable instruments are promissory notes, bills of exchange, and cheques. It outlines the essential characteristics of each, including the parties involved, requirements for validity, methods of negotiation or assignment, and concepts of holders and holders in due course. The document provides an overview of key terms and processes regarding negotiable instruments under Indian law.
Negotiable Instruments With Case Studies
This document provides information on negotiable instruments under the Negotiable Instruments Act 1881. It defines negotiable instruments as written documents that entitle the holder to a sum of money. It describes the key characteristics of negotiable instruments including being freely transferable, the holder having free title, and ability to sue upon the instrument. It also discusses different types of negotiable instruments - bills of exchange, promissory notes, and cheques. Bills of exchange are defined as unconditional written orders to pay a specified sum of money. Promissory notes contain an unconditional undertaking to pay a certain sum of money. Cheques are a type of bill of exchange that is drawn on a banker and payable on demand.
Negotiable instruments act 1881
The document discusses the Negotiable Instruments Act of 1881 in India. It defines key terms like negotiable instruments, promissory notes, bills of exchange, and cheques. It outlines the essential characteristics of negotiable instruments like property, title, rights, and presumptions. It also summarizes the key elements and differences between promissory notes, bills of exchange, inland/foreign bills, time/demand bills, trade/accommodation bills, and cheques as defined by the Act.
Cheque and its types
"Cheque is an instrument in writing containing an unconditional order, addressed to a banker, sign by the person who has deposited money with the banker, requiring him to pay on demand a certain sum of money only to or to the order of certain person or to the bearer of instrument."
Negotiable Instrument Act 1881
The document provides an overview of negotiable instruments under Indian law. It defines key negotiable instruments like promissory notes, bills of exchange, and cheques. It outlines their essential elements and parties. Promissory notes contain an unconditional promise to pay, while bills of exchange contain an order to pay. Cheques are drawn on a bank and payable on demand. Negotiation allows the transfer of rights by endorsement and delivery. The document discusses endorsement, negotiation, and specimens of different negotiable instruments.
Crossing Of Cheques
There are two types of cheque crossings: general and special. A general crossing involves drawing two parallel transverse lines on the cheque with optional words like "and company" or "not negotiable" written between the lines. A special crossing involves writing the name of a banker across the cheque, with optional words like "not negotiable". The crossings provide directions to the paying banker to not pay the cheque over the counter and ensure the money is paid into an account, making the recipient traceable.
5 Types of USER ACCEPTANCE TESTING (UAT)
Recently we’ve shown you the basics of User Acceptance Testing (UAT). Let’s recap: User Acceptance Testing is, basically, the process of verifying that an installed solution works for the user. This might sound easy enough but, in practice, it isn’t.
To make getting into User Acceptance Testing a little easier, we’ve broken the process down into smaller chunks. Check out which 5 types of User Acceptance Testing you have to consider in order to be more successful.
Paying Banker and Collecting Banker-B.V.Raghunandan
The document discusses the precautions a paying banker must take when processing cheques as well as the circumstances under which a cheque may be dishonored. It also outlines the statutory protections provided to paying bankers if payment is made in due course. Additionally, it defines a collecting banker and their duties which include prompt presentation, crediting of customer accounts, and notice of dishonour. Collecting bankers are provided statutory protection if they act in good faith and without negligence when collecting cheques for customers.
Dishonor Of Cheques
This document summarizes key aspects of dishonored cheques under Indian law. It defines what constitutes a bill of exchange and cheque, discusses postdated cheques, the process of depositing and endorsing cheques, and key details like the payee, date, and amount. It also outlines when dishonor of a cheque becomes a criminal offense, the complaint process and associated timelines, penalties for drawers, and jurisdiction rules.
Dishonour of cheque
This document provides an overview of dishonour of cheques under Indian law. It defines dishonour of a cheque as when it is returned unpaid by the drawee bank for reasons of insufficient funds or signature mismatch. There are two kinds of dishonour: non-acceptance and non-payment. Dishonour can result in legal action against the drawer, loss of negotiability of the cheque, and accrual of a cause of action if a demand notice is issued and unpaid. Dishonour becomes a criminal offense if the payee gives notice demanding payment within 15 days and payment is not made within a further 15 days. Liability on dishonour can be civil, resulting in a fine of twice the
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Similar to Negotiable Instruments
contract1
The document discusses key concepts related to negotiable instruments under Indian law, including definitions of holder, holder in due course, and payment in due course. It also covers the different types of cheque crossing - general crossing, special crossing, restrictive crossing, and non-negotiable crossing. Students are assigned questions to differentiate between a holder and holder in due course, and between payment and payment in due course. They are instructed to email their responses with identifying details.
Project of LEGAL ASPECTS OF BUSINESS
This document discusses negotiable instruments and the effect of dishonored cheques. It defines negotiable instruments as promissory notes, bills of exchange, or cheques payable to order or bearer according to law. Promissory notes are unconditional promises to pay a sum, bills of exchange are unconditional orders to pay a sum, and cheques are bills of exchange drawn on a bank payable on demand. Examples of negotiable instruments include government notes, debentures, and drafts. If a cheque is dishonored, the drawer can be criminally prosecuted if the cheque was drawn to discharge a debt and was returned unpaid due to insufficient funds, and certain notice procedures are followed.
Negotiable instrument
1. A negotiable instrument is a document guaranteeing payment of a specific amount of money to a specified person. The Negotiable Instrument Act defines negotiable instruments as promissory notes, bills of exchange, and cheques.
2. The key characteristics of negotiable instruments are that they must be in writing, signed, freely transferable, contain an unconditional promise or order to pay a certain sum to a certain payee, and have a certain time of payment.
3. The Negotiable Instrument Act of 1881 governs negotiable instruments in India and defines promissory notes as unconditional promises to pay, bills of exchange as unconditional orders to pay, and cheques as bills of exchange on
Negotiable instrument
1. A negotiable instrument is a document guaranteeing payment of a specific amount of money to a specified person. The Negotiable Instrument Act defines three types of negotiable instruments: promissory notes, bills of exchange, and cheques.
2. A promissory note contains an unconditional undertaking signed by the maker to pay a certain sum of money to the payee. A bill of exchange is an unconditional order signed by the maker directing a person to pay a certain sum of money to the payee.
3. For an instrument to be considered negotiable, it must meet certain criteria like being in writing, containing an unconditional promise to pay a definite sum of money, and specifying the payee
Negotiable instrument
1. A negotiable instrument is a document guaranteeing payment of a specific amount to a specified person. The three main types are promissory notes, bills of exchange, and cheques.
2. A promissory note contains an unconditional undertaking to pay a certain sum of money to a specified payee. A bill of exchange contains an unconditional order to pay a certain sum and involves a drawer, acceptor, and payee.
3. The Negotiable Instruments Act of 1881 governs negotiable instruments in India and defines key terms like acceptance, endorsement, negotiation, and parties to these instruments.
Negotiable+instruments+act+1881
The document summarizes key aspects of the Negotiable Instruments Act 1881 in India. It defines negotiable instruments as documents that allow the transfer of rights from one person to another. The Act covers three main instruments - promissory notes, bills of exchange, and cheques. It establishes characteristics of negotiable instruments like being freely transferable and the holder having title free of defects. The document also outlines parties, essentials, and types of the three instruments.
Negotiable Instruments Act.pptx
The document discusses negotiable instruments under Indian law. It defines a negotiable instrument as a promissory note, bill of exchange, or cheque that is either payable to order or bearer. A negotiable instrument allows the absolute ownership to vest in the holder, who is not prejudiced by defects in title and can sue in their own name. Key features include being freely transferable, the holder's title being free from defects, and the ability to transfer the instrument infinitely. The document outlines presumptions regarding negotiable instruments, defines promissory notes, bills of exchange, and cheques, and distinguishes between them. It also defines key parties like the drawer, drawee, acceptor, maker, pay
Introduction to Negotiable Instruments Act
The document discusses negotiable instruments under the Negotiable Instruments Act of 1881. It defines key terms like cheque, promissory note, bill of exchange. It describes the characteristics of negotiable instruments like being transferable and signed documents. It then explains the different types of cheque crossing - general, special, restrictive, non-negotiable. It also discusses endorsement types like blank, special, restrictive, partial and conditional. Finally, it defines material alteration and what would constitute a material change to a negotiable instrument.
THE NEGOTIALBLE INSTRUMENTS ACT, 1881.pdf
The document provides an overview of key concepts related to negotiable instruments under the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 in India. It defines negotiable instruments and discusses promissory notes, bills of exchange, and cheques. It covers characteristics of negotiable instruments, types of instruments, parties and their liabilities, negotiation and assignment, holders including holders in due course, crossing of cheques, and discharge of parties. Examples are provided to illustrate concepts like inchoate instruments, conditional instruments, and liability of acceptor of bills drawn in fictitious names.
Josh Legal
This document discusses negotiable instruments under Indian law. It defines key terms like negotiable instruments, promissory notes, bills of exchange, cheques and holders in due course. It explains the criteria for someone to be considered a holder in due course and the privileges this status provides. It also covers special rules for cheques, including types of crossings and endorsements. Finally, it outlines various ways in which a negotiable instrument can be discharged, such as through payment, cancellation, release or material alteration.
Negotiable instruments act
This document defines negotiable instruments and provides details about their key characteristics and types under Indian law. It discusses that a negotiable instrument is a written document that creates a right in favor of someone and can be freely transferred. The three main types of negotiable instruments are promissory notes, bills of exchange, and cheques. It outlines the essential elements and parties involved in each type of instrument. The document also summarizes the presumptions that apply regarding negotiable instruments like consideration and the rights of a holder in due course.
Negotiation and effects of endorsement
The document discusses key aspects of negotiable instruments under the Negotiable Instruments Act 1881. It defines negotiable instruments as promissory notes, bills of exchange, or cheques payable to order or bearer. Instruments can be negotiable by statute or usage. Negotiation involves transferring possession with intent to pass title to the transferee. Holders in due course take the instrument for value before maturity and in good faith, gaining defenses against certain claims. Endorsement involves signing to transfer ownership, and can take various forms like blank, special, or restrictive.
Negotiable instruments act 1881
This document is the preamble and first section of The Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 which defines key terms related to promissory notes, bills of exchange, and cheques. It establishes that the Act aims to define and amend laws around these negotiable instruments. It then defines important terms including promissory note, bill of exchange, cheque, drawer, drawee, acceptor, holder, holder in due course, inland and foreign instruments, and negotiation and endorsement of these instruments.
Presentation1
Crossing of cheques can be special or general. Special crossing involves writing the name of a specific banker on the cheque, directing the paying banker to only pay that named banker. General crossing involves drawing two parallel transverse lines on the cheque without naming a banker. A cheque can also be doubly crossed by naming two bankers, though paying bankers are only supposed to pay a doubly crossed cheque if the second banker is an agent of the first. Only the drawer of a cheque can open or cancel a crossing. Endorsement allows the negotiation and transfer of order instruments and involves signing the back or face of the instrument. There are different types of endorsements like blank, special, restrictive, partial, and conditional.
Negotiable instruments act 1881
This document provides an overview of the Negotiable Instruments Act of 1881 in India. Some key points:
- The Act deals with promissory notes, bills of exchange, and cheques, which are negotiable instruments that allow rights to be transferred from one person to another.
- A negotiable instrument must be in writing, contain an unconditional order or promise to pay a certain sum of money, and allow the transfer of rights according to the Act's provisions.
- The Act establishes rules for different types of negotiable instruments. A promissory note contains a promise to pay, while a bill of exchange contains an order to pay. A cheque is a type of bill of exchange drawn on a
Negotiable instruments act - Unitedworld School of Business
The document discusses negotiable instruments under Indian law, defining them as documents that allow the transfer of rights from one person to another. It explains that negotiable instruments include promissory notes, bills of exchange, and cheques, and outlines the key characteristics of these instruments such as being freely transferable and allowing the holder to take the instrument free from defects. The document also discusses important concepts related to negotiable instruments like parties to the instruments, negotiation, presentment, dishonour, and the privileges of a holder in due course.
BBA-SEM-5-MERCANTILE LAW- Negotiable instrument act, 1882
This document provides an outline of key topics in the Negotiable Instruments Act of 1881 in India. It defines negotiable instruments as promissory notes, bills of exchange, or cheques payable to order or bearer. It classifies different types of negotiable instruments and outlines the essential elements and parties involved, including makers, drawers, drawees, payees, and endorsers. The document also discusses negotiation and transfer of instruments, presentation and dishonor, discharge, and rules of evidence and international law as they relate to negotiable instruments.
THE NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS ACT, 18
This document is the preamble and first chapter of The Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 which defines key terms related to promissory notes, bills of exchange, and cheques. It defines promissory notes as unconditional written promises to pay a specified sum of money. Bills of exchange are unconditional written orders to pay a specified sum. Cheques are bills of exchange drawn on a bank payable on demand. It also defines related terms like drawer, drawee, acceptor, holder, holder in due course, and negotiable instrument. The purpose is to define and standardize the law around these important financial instruments.
Negotiable instruments act
This document provides an overview of negotiable instruments under Indian law. It defines key terms like instrument, negotiable, negotiable instrument and discusses the three main types - promissory notes, bills of exchange, and cheques. It outlines the essential characteristics and parties involved in each type of instrument. The document also explains concepts like holder, holder in due course, negotiation, presentment, dishonour and privileges provided to a holder in due course under law.
Dishonour of a negotiable instrument
The document discusses the laws around dishonour of negotiable instruments like bills of exchange, promissory notes, and cheques in India. It defines dishonour as non-acceptance or non-payment of obligations. A negotiable instrument can be dishonoured by non-acceptance or non-payment, with different implications for each type of instrument. The holder must give notice of dishonour and may have to get the instrument noted and protested by a notary public to establish liability of prior parties.
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