3. PAPER ON DOS OFFICE FUNCTIONS
UNDERSCORED RESEARCH WING TAKE OFF
SUBMITTED RESEARCH THEMES, THREE
SELECTED, PRIORITIZED
WROTE RESEARCH AGENDA FOR DISCUSSION
TO FACULTY MEMBERS
SUBMITTED TO EXTERNAL MEMBERS, CDF, PS
RETREAT AS INSTRUMENT FOR WAY
FORWARD, RESEARCH WING TAKE OFF
4. URT 50 YRS A LANDMARK IN MAINTENANCE
OF NATIONAL DEFENCE AND SECURITY
TURNING POINT REQUIRES REFLECTING THE
FUTURE
COMPLEX MULTIFACETED NEW SECURITY
THREATS AND CHALLENGES REQUIRES
REDIFINING TANZANIA’S NATIONAL DEFENCE
AND SECURITY FRAMEWORK
5. the National Defence College, Tanzania
proposes to conduct a study that will explore
Tanzania’s security imperatives
the aim IS TO usE the findings to construct
Tanzania’s Grand National Security Strategy
(GNSS) in line with the 21st century
development and security needs
6. THE FUTURE OF TANZANIA NATIONAL SECURITY AS
ARTICULATED IN VISION 2025 (ZANZIBAR 2020) AND THE
FIVE YEAR PLAN 2011/12-2015/16 IS NOT ADEQUATE
VISION 2025 GUIDES TANZANIA’S SOCIO-ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT
5 YR PLAN IMPLEMENTATION FRAME FOR VISION 2025 IN 3
FIVE YR PLANS TO TRANSFORM TZ A MIDDLE-INCOME
COUNTRY BY 2025
THE 2 NOT EVOLVING VISIONARY GRAND NATIONAL
SECURITY STRATEGY PROMOTING THE PROTECTION OF
TANZANIA NATIONAL SURVIVAL INTERESTS REGIONALLY
AND GLOBALLY
VISION 2025 NO LONGER A VISIONARY DOCUMENT FOR
THE FUTURE. 2025 IS TOO SOON, HARDLY TEN YEARS
FROM NOW
7. GAP ON HOLISTIC POLICY DOCUMENT ON
TANZANIA DEFECE AND SECURITY SURVIVAL
FRAMEWORK
MORE SECTORIAL - 2001 NEW FOREIGN
POLICY
NATIONAL SECURITY A COMBINED FUNCTION
ENCOMPASSES INTERPLAY OF THE COUNTRY’S
EXTERNAL AND THE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT
INCLUDES HOW ALL INSTRUMENTS OF POWER
BOTH TRADITIONAL AND NON-TRADITIONAL
PLAY AND INTERACT.
8. interplay of national security strategies and
instruments
National Defence Policy (NDP), National Defence
Strategy (NDS), National Foreign Policy (NFP),
National Foreign Policy Strategy (NFPS), National
Intelligence Policy (NILP), National Intelligence
Strategy (NIS)
non-military actions (strategies and policies) of
state that ensures national survival of state as a
political entity and that of national population
There is need to address this gap, and the NDC’s
research agenda is intended to develop a
roadmap toward this direction
9. SINCE INDEPENDENCE TZ HAS ENJOYED PEACE
THREATS AT INDEPENDENCE WERE FEW –
POLITICAL/ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES,
DISEASES, IGNORANCE POVERTY
SOCIALIST STANCE, SUPPORT FOR LIBERATION STRUGGLES,
NON-ALIGNMENT POLICY AND SUPPORT FOR SOUTH-SOUTH
COOPERATION IN A COLD-WAR ENVIRONMENT MADE
TANZANIA AN ATTRACTIVE PEACEFUL PLACE FOR WORLD
COMMUNITY
LEGACY FORMED THE BASE FOR TANZANIA’S CREDIBILITY
THESE BASIS OF BULDING TZ NATIONAL INTERESTS,
NATIONAL SECURITY AND MORAL AUTHORITY
TO WHAT EXTENT ARE THESE FOUNDATIONS IMPORTANT
TODAY IN TANZANIA’S INTERNATIONAL POSITION IS
ANOTHER ISSUE OF INVESTIGATION THAT THE NDC WOULD
LIKE TO INVESTIGATE.
10. 50 YRS THE CHALLENGES AND THREATS TO NATIONAL
SECURITY AND OTHER STRATEGIC NATIONAL INTERESTS’
ARE MORE COMPLEX
IS TANZANIA’S A PEACEFUL COUNTRY IS RESEARCHEABLE
THERE AE MANT THREATS - GLOBAL CHANGES,
INTERNATIONAL, REGIONAL AND NATIONAL
ENVIRONMENT
GLOBALIZATION BRINGS NEW TRANSNATIONAL AND NON-
TRADITIONAL THREATS
INTERNALIZATION OF THREATS - GLOBAL AND
REGIONALLY MAKES THE SECURITY LANDSCAPE OF
TANZANIA COMPLEX AND CHALLENGING
NDC EFFORTS TO ADDRESS SUCH COMPLEX SECURITY
CHALLENGES IS VITAL FOR THE PROTECTION AND
DEFENCE OF THE NATION
11. COMPLEX SECURITY CHALLENGES , TANZANIA
MUST STRATEGIZE
TO STRATEGIZE CORRECTLY, AN INVESTIGATION
ON EACH FORM OF NATIONAL SECURITY
THREATS IS VITAL AND INDISPENSABLE
THE NDC IS THE THINK TANK FOR THAT
PURPOSE, EXPECTED TO PROVIDE STRATEGIC
INTERVENTION ON THE COUNTRY SECURITY
THIS COMPLEXITY A SITUATIONAL PUSH THAT
FORCES TANZANIA TO REDEFINED SECURITY
THREAT AND RE-CALIBRATES THE CAPABILITIES
OF THE NATION’S INSTRUMENTS OF POWER IN
LINE WITH NEW CHALLENGE – NDC RESEARCH
ISSUE
12. 21ST CENTURY DIGITAL AND INFORMATION
AGE ADVANCEMENT IN TECHNOLOGY,
HUMAN RESOURCES SKILLS , CYBER-CRIME-
CYBER SECURITY THREATS , DEMANDS OF
ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC
OPPORTUNITIES, EMERGING INDIAN OCEAN
ECONOMY, NEW GLOBAL AND REGIONAL
ECONOMIC POWERS , REGIONAL ECONOMIC
COMPETITION SADC/ EAC ARE SECURITY
CHALLENGES THAT SECURITY STRATEGY
MUST CONFRONT
13. Internal multifaceted security challenges traditional and
nontraditional
technological evolution, market liberalization and free
market economy,
Geographical sector-wise economic orientation
democratization -liberal democracy , multiparty
democracy , the increasing role of NGOs and human rights
groups
environmental and climate change concerns
the unemployment and youth question
urbanization and fragile poor population in slums
education and health service gap
illicit trade, human trafficking, drug trafficking
terrorism, rise of extremism, fundamentalists and violent
groups
immigrants spill over effect from crisis in neighbouring
countries especially the Great Lakes Region (GLR)
14. All these shape Tanzania’s current security
complexity and panorama
These are challenge the existence of Tanzania’s
nation integrity, sovereignty and its well
cherished values of peace and unity.
The threats range from classical traditional ones
to the non-traditional ones and therefore
constitute new challenge to Tanzania security
sector.
a study to investigate the capacity and capability
of the existing security architecture in Tanzania
to deal with new emerging national security
environment by NDC is thus recommended
15. Security study will examine four areas that
reveal deep fault lines due to effect of
contemporary challenges and globalization
thus affecting Tanzania national security
economy, society, politics and military
16. Starting with economy, new economic drives,
values and changes has set up in the past
twenty years have serious impact on Tanzania
security.
Trade, labour, investment and movement of
capital and other financial matters, economic
crises
17. economic challenges to national security
have changed
In the past one decade Tanzania has
witnessed a growing and changing economy
with many opportunities
This has brought a shift and relocation of the
economic focus from predominantly
agriculture based economy, to a mining and
natural resources based extractive economy.
18. Discoveries of gas, uranium, coal, iron and
other minerals such as gemstones are
transforming Tanzania
the traditionally economic potential area, the
northern Tanzania is systematically being
overtaken by the untapped south and west
19. Shift in the economic system and vibrancy
has not only caught Tanzania unprepared
security and policy wise but is also propelling
new social-political and economic threats
The need for land, land grabbing and land
related conflicts have set in
energy, climate, water, food, health,
environmental issues and urbanization are
security matters.
20. Influx of foreign investors from USA, Europe,
Asia and China, calls for investigation.
It calls for a security frame on how to
manage both national resources and on how
to handle foreign investors versus the local
population
resistance by the small artisan miners and
local population against the government and
foreign investors
21. Caught Unaware in many aspects – policy-wise,
strategic-wise, leadership and security wise,
Tanzania need a security strategy that addresses
the changing economic environment.
The fact that a tilt in economic backbone toward
gas economy is in the south, and the Indian
Ocean calls for a serious reconsideration of
national security strategy.
a holistic security approach to national security is
necessary including the repositioning of the
military and defence-security instruments
22. The military defense doctrine must respond to
the changing economic driven instead of the
‘liberation’ and political motive that our
traditional defence-security was based on in the
1960s-1990s.
New economic tasks and economic-development
agenda calls for a review of the country defence
and security strategy.
What are the security imperatives of the new
economic set up and how the economic growth
should be sustained are issues that must be
investigated and reflected in the study on Grand
National security strategy
23. societal security relates to globalization
societies and cultures around the world.
global citizens or ‘citizens of the world', with less
national identities.
Free movement of people globally = security
challenges globally, regionally and nationally
transnational crime and other forms of illicit
crimes
Terrorist cells and violent extremist groups,
drug trafficking, human trafficking, trade in
counterfeit goods including medicine, crimes
related to cyber security and the proliferation of
small and light weapons
24. Other societal issues demand for human rights
democratic groups ,rise of non-state actors I
The need to protect the nation from foreign
aggression has become an obsolete paradigm in
the nation security architecture. Non state
transnational actors operate without borders
from one country to another.
Political parties, elections, NGOs and the media
are the groups that have an international
connection with impact on internal security.
other non-state actors includes international
financial institutions
25. Beside economic drive, politically globalisation
has made international and regional politics play
major part in democratization process and nation
politics. Intervention by regional states on good
governance excuses as well as on internal
conflicts plays an influential role on how the way
state behaves.
Non state actors such as Media, NGOs, activist
and human right monitors supported by
international and regional funding also sets both
positive and negative precedence on national
security.
26. The Political Parties based democratic platform is
probably not friendly and relevant to Africa
Africa has experienced more problems and
conflicts instead of peace, security and
development
External pressures on political behaviour
especially in election and multiparty democratic
process have impact on nation interest
Ruling and opposition parties behave in a
manner that national interest and national
security is not well articulated and observed
creating conditions for insecurity.
27. Politically motivated threats need national
security framework on how to address them
Necessity of national security strategy roadmap
for a new paradigm the holistic iinteragency
team-work and collaboration across all security
organs - security sector must work together
Organs: the armed forces, paramilitary units, the
police, the intelligence services, the civil
authorities mandated to control and oversee
these agencies namely the legislatures, judicial
systems, defence, finance, interior ministries and
national security
28. new frame is very complex security
arrangement and it cannot come easily – a
study area
How to enhance holistic interagency
collaboration for the promotion of the
national security is a Grand National security
strategy issue.
How the military and non-military organs will
work together holistically in a harmonized
manner is a major question that must be
studied
29. These challenges require paradigm shift in
handling Tanzania’s security concerns.
Requires an approach that integrates civil-
military leadership and the promotion of
interagency collaboration holistic approach to
security threats. No single instrument of power
can alone resolves security threat and defends
Tanzania security in contemporary security
complexities.
How this can be achieved and integrated in the
Tanzania National Security Strategy ? NDC must
investigate
30. Threats to national security have grown
They are of various forms: regular, irregular, disruptive
and catastrophic ones
Take different shapes global, regional and internal
Involve diverse actors mainly state and non-state actors
Though the State and the traditional security instruments
of power remains the primary actor both in international
affairs and in confronting state and non-state threats,
increasingly the other non-state actors are brought on
board
The need to develop a grand national security strategy that
integrates delicately the state and human approaches to
national security. How to achieve this, NDC Study
31. Develop Tanzania’s Grand National Security
Strategy is important for Tanzania’s future -
survival in 21nd century
NDC research project is intended to achieve this
goal
To have a solid GNSS requires studies:
◦ security risk assessment
◦ threat analysis
◦ identify threats, rank and cluster them in ordered
manner basing on national values and national interest
◦ Defence security doctrine etc
The NDC’s central role
32. Explore and scan-through Tanzania’s security
environment
Identify and analyse security threats in contemporary
Tanzania
Map out national instruments of power and their
capabilities in addressing the threats and interagency
coordination
Dissect the threats and draw strategies to overcome them
Examine the structures and strategies for Tanzania’s 21st
Century GNSS
Analyze the way to incorporate various aspects of national
security can be accommodated in the GNSS
Map-up GNSS to cater for Tanzania’s national security for
the next 50 years.
33. Prof. Ernest Wamba dia Wamba
Dr. A.R. Mniachi
Prof. E. Mwageni
Prof. A. Kihombo
34. GNSS
Defence doctrine
Non traditional threats
Economic competitiveness
Human resource capital
35. NDC future as Think Tank in Security and
Strategy lie in Research Wing
Research Wing – the jackpot of Teaching,
Public Service and Outreach Service,
Government Policy and Problem-based
Analysis, NDC Income generation, NDC-
Industry link for relevant development issues,
Course Members research activities
