This document discusses various natural hazards in the Philippines caused by geological, hydro-meteorological and coastal processes. It provides details on seismic, volcanic and landslide events, as well as tropical cyclones, flooding and coastal erosion. Specific data is given on the provinces most at risk from earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis and other hazards based on historical patterns and vulnerability factors. Mitigation strategies used by government agencies to monitor and warn of these risks are also summarized.

1. NATURAL PROCESSES and
HAZARDS

2. How does the land affect
us whenever it moves?

3. Hazards
oDifferent climate
oSeismic
oVolcanic hydrologic
oMeteorological events

4. • Natural hazards- is
naturally- occurring
event or
phenomenon which
has negative
anthropogenic and
coastal processes
could lead to
natural disaster.

5. • Natural disaster-
refers to any
natural hazard or
threat that
causes fatality or
damage to
property.

6. • Hazard mitigation- minimization
of risk. This involves learning and
understanding how the natural
processes operate.

9. • PHIVOLCS- Philippine Institute of
Volcanology and Seismology, the
government agency overlooking all
seismic and volcanic activities in
the Philippines, recorded 12
destructive earthquakes since
1968.

10. Top 10 provinces that are at risk to
earthquakes
1. SURIGAO DEL
SUR
2. LA UNION
3. BENGUET
4. PANGASINAN
5. PAMPANGA
6. TARLAC
7. IFUGAO
8. DAVAO
ORIENTAL
9. NUEVA VIZCAYA
10.NUEVA ECIJA

11. • La Union and Pangasinan are
prone to Earthquake, due to
Manila trench while Surigao del
Sur and Davao Oriental are at risk
for earthquakes due to Philippine
Trench and nearby active faults.

12. LANDSLIDES
• When earthquakes
happen in humanmade
embankments and
natural slopes in
mountains areas, the
hazard and potential
devastation greatly
increases

14. Top 10 provinces that are at risk to
lanslides hazards
1. IFUGAO
2. LANAO DEL SUR
3. SARANGANI
4. BENGUET
5. MOUNTAIN
PROVINCES
6. BUKIDNON
7. AURORA
8. DAVAO DEL SUR
9. DAVAO ORIENTAL
10.RIZAL

15. • Ifugao, Lanao del Sur, and Sarangani
are highly vulnerable to landslide
compared to Rizal. Despite the low
vulnerability of Benguet, its high
exposure factor or population
density have made living in the
region are more risky.

17. • The Philippines lies within the Pacific
Ring of Fire. This explains the
distribution of most volcanoes in the
Philippines.
• The mount Pinatubo eruption of 1991
was well known to be the most violent
eruption the 20th century.
• There are 22 historically active volcanoes
distributed all over the Philippines.

19. Top 10 provinces at risk to volcanic
eruptions
1. CAMIGUIN
2. SULU
3. BILIRAN
4. ALBAY
5. BATAAN
6. SORSOGON
7. SOUTH
COTABATO
8. LAGUNA
9. CAMARINES
SUR
10.BATANES

20. • Camiguin is at high risk because the
land area is so small that when a
volcanic eruption occur, it can affect
the whole province. Sulu ranked 2nd
because it has the most number of
active and potentially- active
volcanoes.

21. • TSUNAMIS-
another caused
by earthquakes
or seismic
activities that
affect bodies of
water.

22. Top 10 provinces that are at risk to
tsunamis
1. SULU
2. TAWI-TAWI
3. BASILAN
4. BATANES
5. GUIMARAS
6. ROMBLON
7. SIQUIJOR
8. SURIGAO DEL
NORTE
9. CAMIGUIN
10.MASBATE

23. • Sulu and Tawi-tawi are highly vulnerable to
tsunami due to their being in between two
nearby trenches (Sulu trench and Cotabato
trench) and their dense population.
• Most areas in Basilan and Romblon are at
high at risk especially because they have
been previously affected by a tsunami.

24. HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL
PHENOMENA AND HAZARDS

25. Northeast Moonsoon Southwest Moonsoon
HABAGATAMIHAN
MOONSOON- is a consistent reversal of
wind pattern or a wind system generated by
large weather system.

26. • PAGASA- Philippine Atmospheric
Geophysical, and Astronomical Services- is
the government weather bureau which
monitor atmospheric occurrences within the
Philippine area of responsibility, its
internationally- recognized jurisdiction.
• Tropical cyclones or bagyo are common in the
Philippines due to its being in the typhoon
belt.
• PAGASA records an average of 20 tropical
cyclones entering the PAR annually.

27. Tropical Cyclones and Wind Speeds
TYPE SUSTAINED WIND
NEAR THE CENTER
Tropical depression 30- 60 km/h
Tropical storm 61-88 km/h
Severe tropical storm 89-117 km/h
typhoon 118-219 km/h
Super typhoon Faster than 220 km/h

28. Mitigation and Prevention
• To mitigate the effects of tropical
cyclones and flooding, PAGASA have
implemented some measures. Floods
and 3D hazard maps are made to
disseminated to areas which are
usually hit by typhoons and areas
which are prone to flooding.

29. Public Storm Warning System
Level Wind And Lead Time
1 30-60km/H ; Within 36 Hours
2 60-120km/H; Within 24 Hours
3 120-170 Km/H; Within 18 Hours
4 170-220 Km/H; Within 12 Hours
5 Faster Than 220km/H; Within 12 Hours

30. • Using PAGASA’s PSWS, the Department of
Education (DepEd) has adopted the following
guidelines with regards to class suspension:
PSWS 1- All classes in kindergarten are
suspended
PSWS 2- All classes in elementary and high
school are suspended
PSWS 3- All classes in all levels, including
college and graduate schools, are suspended

31. PAGASA also provide color-coded rainfall warning
system

32. MARINE AND COASTAL
PROCESSES AND HAZARDS
EQ: How is the shoreline affected by coastal processes?

33. • Coastal hazards are caused by waves,
tides, and coastal erosion.
• There are 3 billion people are living
within 200 km near the coastlines.
• Coastal are refers to the land and sea
areas bordering the shorline.

34. Submersion and Coastal Erosion
• Waves, which are caused by wind and storms,
cause large impacts around the coastline for
the potential coastal erosion, flooding, and
damages they may bring.
• Tides, which are the result of the gravitational
attraction of the sun and moon on the oceans,
cause the frequent rise and fall of ocean
levels.

35. • The processes of wave action, wave
currents, and tidal currents wear away the
land and removes sediments near the
coastline. This effect is called coastal
erosion.
• Building seawalls which run parallel to the
sea prevents the direct impact of coastal
processes to landforms near he coast.

36. Salt Intrusion
• When saline water moves into freshwater
aquifers, which are the main source of
drinking water in coastal areas, it often
leads to contamination.
• Intrusion of saltwater happens naturally
because of the varying densities of
saltwater and freshwater.