Presented in the ASEAN Cooperation on Utilization of Space Technology for Disaster Management Seminar, 11th Aug 2010 at Miracle Grand Convention Hotel, Thailand. Hosted by GISTDA
A critical assessment of disaster risk framework in cameroonNewton Bezeng
1. Cameroon faces risks from various natural hazards such as volcanic eruptions, landslides, droughts, floods, epidemics and others due to its central location and climate. A 2001 flood in Limbe killed 23 people and caused extensive damage.
2. Cameroon's disaster management system is outlined in laws and decrees. It is hierarchical and top-down, led by the Ministry of Territorial Administration and Decentralization. The Department of Disaster and Emergency Services coordinates prevention, emergency response, and post-disaster rehabilitation.
3. Key actors include various ministries, local authorities, Red Cross, UNDP and others. The strategy focuses on prevention, emergency response, and post
This document provides information on how to prepare for wildfires, including how to find information about ongoing wildfires. It recommends creating a home emergency plan that includes contact details, meeting points, items to evacuate, insurance information, and escape routes. Information sources mentioned include the website meteoalarm.eu, national meteorological services, radio, television, emergency websites and social media.
Law on natural disaster prevention and organizational structure for disaster ...UNDP Climate
High-level inter-ministerial workshop held in Hanoi June 6-7, 2017 hosted by the Ministry of Agricultural Development (MARD) of Viet Nam and supported under the Integrating Agriculture in National Adaptation Plans (NAP-Ag) Programme. The meeting was attended by over 75 national and provincial level government officials, including MONRE, MARD, MPI and the Ministry of Finance (MOF), UN and development partners, private sector representatives including insurance companies, as well as non-governmental organisations.
The document summarizes the Disaster Management Act of 2005 in India and the structural framework it established. The key points are:
1. The Act created a three-tier disaster management structure of National, State, and District authorities and established organizations like NDMA, SDMAs, DDMAs, NDRF, and NIDM.
2. The NDMA is the apex body that lays down policies and plans. State authorities approve state plans and district authorities implement plans at local level.
3. The Act shifted approach from relief-centric to holistic prevention, mitigation and preparedness. It aims to minimize losses from disasters and integrate mitigation into development.
The document summarizes key aspects of the Disaster Management Act of 2005 in India. It establishes authorities for disaster management at the national, state, and district levels, including the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) chaired by the Prime Minister, State Disaster Management Authorities (SDMAs) chaired by Chief Ministers, and District Disaster Management Authorities (DDMAs) chaired by District Collectors. It also provides for the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) and mandates funds for disaster mitigation at various levels of government.
This document provides information on finding reliable sources for weather warnings and preparedness. It discusses the website meteoalarm.eu which alerts users to severe weather across Europe and lists national meteorological services. It also describes the UK Met Office's weather warning system and colors. The document stresses checking local forecasts and warnings, and lists additional sources like emergency services, radio, TV and social media that provide weather updates.
The document discusses the incident response system (IRS) in India. It provides background on disaster management frameworks like the Disaster Management Act of 2005 and the National Disaster Management Plan of 2016. It then describes the three levels of disasters (L1, L2, L3) and outlines the response system including central agencies, nodal ministries, and state and district authorities. It provides details on the structure and organization of incident response teams at the state and district levels, including the roles and responsibilities of key positions like the incident commander. The IRS aims to establish a well-coordinated response by pre-designating roles and integrating response activities across agencies.
The Disaster Management Act of 2005 established authorities and guidelines for disaster management in India. It created the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) to lay down policies and plans for disaster response. Similar State and District Disaster Management Authorities were also mandated. The Act also established the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) for specialist disaster response. It provided for funds and civil/criminal liabilities related to disaster management. While the Act aimed to improve preparedness, prevention, mitigation and response to disasters, it has also been criticized for being too bureaucratic and not adequately involving local communities.
A critical assessment of disaster risk framework in cameroonNewton Bezeng
1. Cameroon faces risks from various natural hazards such as volcanic eruptions, landslides, droughts, floods, epidemics and others due to its central location and climate. A 2001 flood in Limbe killed 23 people and caused extensive damage.
2. Cameroon's disaster management system is outlined in laws and decrees. It is hierarchical and top-down, led by the Ministry of Territorial Administration and Decentralization. The Department of Disaster and Emergency Services coordinates prevention, emergency response, and post-disaster rehabilitation.
3. Key actors include various ministries, local authorities, Red Cross, UNDP and others. The strategy focuses on prevention, emergency response, and post
This document provides information on how to prepare for wildfires, including how to find information about ongoing wildfires. It recommends creating a home emergency plan that includes contact details, meeting points, items to evacuate, insurance information, and escape routes. Information sources mentioned include the website meteoalarm.eu, national meteorological services, radio, television, emergency websites and social media.
Law on natural disaster prevention and organizational structure for disaster ...UNDP Climate
High-level inter-ministerial workshop held in Hanoi June 6-7, 2017 hosted by the Ministry of Agricultural Development (MARD) of Viet Nam and supported under the Integrating Agriculture in National Adaptation Plans (NAP-Ag) Programme. The meeting was attended by over 75 national and provincial level government officials, including MONRE, MARD, MPI and the Ministry of Finance (MOF), UN and development partners, private sector representatives including insurance companies, as well as non-governmental organisations.
The document summarizes the Disaster Management Act of 2005 in India and the structural framework it established. The key points are:
1. The Act created a three-tier disaster management structure of National, State, and District authorities and established organizations like NDMA, SDMAs, DDMAs, NDRF, and NIDM.
2. The NDMA is the apex body that lays down policies and plans. State authorities approve state plans and district authorities implement plans at local level.
3. The Act shifted approach from relief-centric to holistic prevention, mitigation and preparedness. It aims to minimize losses from disasters and integrate mitigation into development.
The document summarizes key aspects of the Disaster Management Act of 2005 in India. It establishes authorities for disaster management at the national, state, and district levels, including the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) chaired by the Prime Minister, State Disaster Management Authorities (SDMAs) chaired by Chief Ministers, and District Disaster Management Authorities (DDMAs) chaired by District Collectors. It also provides for the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) and mandates funds for disaster mitigation at various levels of government.
This document provides information on finding reliable sources for weather warnings and preparedness. It discusses the website meteoalarm.eu which alerts users to severe weather across Europe and lists national meteorological services. It also describes the UK Met Office's weather warning system and colors. The document stresses checking local forecasts and warnings, and lists additional sources like emergency services, radio, TV and social media that provide weather updates.
The document discusses the incident response system (IRS) in India. It provides background on disaster management frameworks like the Disaster Management Act of 2005 and the National Disaster Management Plan of 2016. It then describes the three levels of disasters (L1, L2, L3) and outlines the response system including central agencies, nodal ministries, and state and district authorities. It provides details on the structure and organization of incident response teams at the state and district levels, including the roles and responsibilities of key positions like the incident commander. The IRS aims to establish a well-coordinated response by pre-designating roles and integrating response activities across agencies.
The Disaster Management Act of 2005 established authorities and guidelines for disaster management in India. It created the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) to lay down policies and plans for disaster response. Similar State and District Disaster Management Authorities were also mandated. The Act also established the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) for specialist disaster response. It provided for funds and civil/criminal liabilities related to disaster management. While the Act aimed to improve preparedness, prevention, mitigation and response to disasters, it has also been criticized for being too bureaucratic and not adequately involving local communities.
National disaster management framework 2005Anjum Afroz
National Disaster management Framework is an outcome of National Disaster Management Act 2005 and consist of Institutional-Legal Framework , Financial Framework and Operational Framework which has been arranged and presented with very much clarity.
Role of central government in disaster management in indianirvarna gr
The document outlines India's disaster management framework and the roles of central and state governments. It discusses the nodal agencies responsible for different disaster types and the national response mechanism. Key parts of the framework include the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) which oversees relief efforts and develops policy. State-level authorities also coordinate response at the local level. The central government provides support to supplement state relief efforts during major disasters.
In 2015 Cambodia established the Law on Disaster Management. The objective of this law is to regulate Disaster Management in Cambodia. The Law on Disaster Management has the following goals; prevention, adaption, and mitigation in the pre-disaster period, due to natural or human-made causes; emergency response during the disaster; recovery in the post-disaster period. The act provides for the establishment of the National Committee for Disaster Management to lead, administer, and coordinate all disaster management activities.
This document discusses flood management in Pakistan. It outlines the key disaster management institutions in Pakistan, including the National Disaster Management Authority, Federal Flood Commission, provincial and district disaster management authorities, and meteorological department. It describes the roles and responsibilities of these institutions. It also notes gaps in Pakistan's national disaster management system, such as trust issues, lack of resources and institutional capacity, and unreliable flood warnings. The document concludes by mentioning some recent developments by the Pakistani government to address these gaps, such as reinvigorating disaster risk reduction sub-clusters and introducing risk insurance policies.
This document provides an off-site emergency plan for Kurukshetra District in Haryana, India. It establishes a District Crisis Group to deal with chemical emergencies. The plan identifies hazards from chemical industries and transportation. It outlines the roles and responsibilities of various emergency response organizations. Medical, firefighting and other facilities in the district are also summarized. The plan aims to localize any emergency, minimize effects on life and property, and establish coordination between different stakeholders to effectively respond to potential chemical accidents off-site.
National Policy on Disaster management 2009Vishwa Sharma
The National Policy on Disaster Management 2009 outlines India's policy for reducing risks and losses from disasters. Key points:
1. The Disaster Management Act of 2009 provides the legal framework and establishes agencies like the National Disaster Management Authority and state and district authorities to oversee disaster management.
2. The policy focuses on prevention, mitigation and preparedness like evaluating infrastructure, training, and standard procedures.
3. It also covers disaster response, relief, rehabilitation, reconstruction, capacity building, knowledge management and technology to minimize losses from natural or man-made disasters.
Disaster Management in Asia: Models, Policies and Programmes for Social RecoveryGlobal Risk Forum GRFDavos
The document discusses disaster management models, policies, and programs in Asia. It provides details on frameworks used to analyze disaster response in China, Taiwan, and Japan, including the different types of disasters each faces, their legislation and policies for management, the government agencies and organizations involved, the role of NGOs, training needs and limitations, and effectiveness of response structures. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play supportive roles in all three locations, providing services, temporary housing, and community facilities.
The process of engendering the Conflict Early Warning and Response Mechanism (CEWARN) of the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) began already during the process of developing the methodology for CEWARN (for a summary of important dates see Appendix I). Shortly before CEWARN was ratified by its member-states and signed into protocol in January 2002, IGAD held a workshop on Placing Gender in the Mainstream: IGAD Police Seminar on Peace Building and Conflict Resolution in Khartoum, Sudan (15-16 Oct 2001).
This document is a law on forestry in Cambodia that was promulgated in 2002. It establishes the framework for sustainable forest management in Cambodia. Some key points:
- It defines roles and responsibilities for forest management, including sustainable harvesting and conservation. The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries has overall jurisdiction, while protected areas are managed by the Ministry of Environment.
- It establishes a Forestry Administration to manage forests according to the national forest policy and law. The Administration is responsible for tasks like sustainable forest management planning, research, and law enforcement.
- It requires the development of a National Forest Management Plan every 5 years to set priorities for forest management, conservation, and development at all levels
The National Disaster Management Plan (NDMP) was released by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. This is the first ever national disaster plan for India. The plan aims to make India more resilient to disasters and significantly reduce loss of lives and assets. It is based on themes of understanding risk, improving governance, investing in risk reduction and preparedness from the Sendai Framework. The plan covers all phases of disaster management and provides roles for different levels of government in prevention, mitigation, response and recovery. It also identifies key response activities and offers a framework for rebuilding after disasters.
The document discusses policy and institutions for disaster management. It emphasizes the importance of having a clear disaster management framework with a lead institution that has the mandate and capacity to coordinate response efforts across sectors. Effective disaster management requires defining roles and responsibilities among institutions, enabling cross-sectoral coordination, and allowing a shift from relief-focused approaches to more prevention and preparedness.
Records Security and Disaster ManagementAbdon Kanuti
The document discusses Tanzania's legal and regulatory framework for disaster management. Key points include:
- The main laws governing disaster management in Tanzania are the Disaster Relief Coordination Act of 1990 and the National Disaster Management Policy of 2004.
- The framework establishes the Tanzania Disaster Relief Committee and the Disaster Management Department to oversee coordination of disaster response at the national level.
- The framework also aims to empower communities through creating plans, training, and management support structures from the national to district levels.
- However, challenges remain around sufficient long-term funding, utilizing risk assessment results, increasing public awareness, and strengthening local disaster management committees.
This document discusses the need for a clearly defined national disaster management policy in Pakistan. It outlines the main elements that should be included in such a policy, including defining the disaster threats, assessing available resources, and outlining organizational arrangements for prevention, preparedness, response, recovery and development. The process of policy definition should consider factors like the disaster threat, likely effects, resources, and how the policy interlocks with other national policies like development and environment protection. The document provides examples of Pakistan's hazards like earthquakes, floods, tsunamis and discusses the country's disaster context due to factors like climate, geography and vulnerability. It outlines Pakistan's pre-2005 and post-2005 disaster management systems and arrangements.
Over the past 20 years from 1995-2015:
- There were 6,457 recorded weather-related disasters according to EM-DAT that killed over 606,000 people and affected over 4.1 billion.
- Floods, storms, heatwaves and other weather events accounted for 90% of disasters and Asia experienced the most disasters and deaths.
- The number of weather disasters rose from an average of 205 per year from 1995-2004 to an average of 335 per year from 2005-2014.
- While the number of people affected declined, the average death toll rose from 26,000 per year from 1995-2004 to over 34,000 per year from 2005-2014, showing continued vulnerability to climate hazards.
This document provides an overview of Uganda's policy and legal framework for wildlife management. It outlines several wildlife management models enshrined in Ugandan law, including ownership, licensing, protection, and participatory approaches. Key policies that guide wildlife management include the National Wildlife Policy 2014 and the National Environment Policy 1995. The main laws are the Uganda Wildlife Act, the National Environment and Management Act, and the National Forestry and Tree Planting Act 2003. Challenges to enforcement include limited awareness, lack of prioritization of wildlife crimes, and weak sentencing in laws. Effective enforcement requires addressing these challenges through sensitization, specialization, and enhanced prosecution.
The Asia Pacific Civil-Military Centre of Excellence (the Centre), in conjunction with the US Government’s Center for Excellence in Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance (COE-DMHA), co-hosted the Regional Senior Leaders Seminar (RSLS) in Cairns, Australia, from 16-19 May 2011.1 The seminar - a civil-military coordination forum for emerging government and non-government leaders from the Asia Pacific region – was attended by 31 participants from ten countries and included representatives from the United Nations and a number of other relevant organisations.2 Participants considered contemporary civil-military challenges for conflict and disaster management. The subject of the three-day seminar was Strengthening Civil-Military Coordination for Conflict and Disaster Management. It focused on two predominant themes: 1) ‘civil-military coordination in Disaster Management – what progress has been made and where do we go from here?’; and 2) ‘Protection of Civilians in a multiagency environment in complex emergencies’. The final day included a session on ‘New Ideas - Working with hyperconnected information in conflicts and disasters’.
The document outlines Turkey's National Plan of Damage Assessment Group, which was prepared according to Turkey's National Disaster Response Plan. The plan regulates the organization of damage assessment groups at the national and local level, as well as their working procedures. It also discusses a draft damage assessment methodology that focuses on determining the direct economic losses caused by disasters, using repair or replacement costs. The damage assessment groups are composed of representatives from various ministries and organizations to assess damages across sectors like agriculture, industry, and housing.
The document outlines the operational framework for responding to hydro-meteorological disasters in the Philippines. It describes the roles and responsibilities of the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) and its Operations Center in coordinating the response. The NDRRMC activates 8 response clusters based on reports from affected local governments requesting assistance or if no reports are received. It also coordinates with international organizations and follows protocols to ensure seamless response operations between national, local, and international actors.
National progress report on the implementation of the hyogo framework for actionThành Nguyễn
This National Progress Report Lao PDR is facilitated by UNISDR and the ISDR partnership. This report assesses the progress of the implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action (2013-2015). It assesses the current national strategic priorities with regard to the implementation of disaster risk reduction actions. The report establishes baselines on levels of progress achieved with respect to the implementation of the HFA’S five priorities for action.
PRIORITIES AND NEEDS IN DISASTER MANAGEMENTLy Nguyen
The Central Committee for Natural Disaster Prevention and Control presents on the priorities and needs in disaster management at the DIPECHO 17-year review conference.
Presentation by Ninil Jannah Lingkar Association: Disaster Risk Mitigation and Prevention for Science Teacher or Education, an Indonesia Experiences - NOSTRE Phillippine 2014, Iloilo City
Disaster Risk Reduction and ManagementRyann Castro
The document discusses disaster risk reduction and management in the Philippines. It defines key terms like hazard, exposure, vulnerability, capacity, and risk. It then examines specific disasters that have affected Baguio City like earthquakes and typhoons, outlining their impacts and lessons learned. The risk profile of the Philippines is also summarized, noting it is prone to earthquakes, typhoons, volcanoes and other natural hazards due to its location in the Pacific Ring of Fire. Historical seismicity data for Baguio City is also presented.
National disaster management framework 2005Anjum Afroz
National Disaster management Framework is an outcome of National Disaster Management Act 2005 and consist of Institutional-Legal Framework , Financial Framework and Operational Framework which has been arranged and presented with very much clarity.
Role of central government in disaster management in indianirvarna gr
The document outlines India's disaster management framework and the roles of central and state governments. It discusses the nodal agencies responsible for different disaster types and the national response mechanism. Key parts of the framework include the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) which oversees relief efforts and develops policy. State-level authorities also coordinate response at the local level. The central government provides support to supplement state relief efforts during major disasters.
In 2015 Cambodia established the Law on Disaster Management. The objective of this law is to regulate Disaster Management in Cambodia. The Law on Disaster Management has the following goals; prevention, adaption, and mitigation in the pre-disaster period, due to natural or human-made causes; emergency response during the disaster; recovery in the post-disaster period. The act provides for the establishment of the National Committee for Disaster Management to lead, administer, and coordinate all disaster management activities.
This document discusses flood management in Pakistan. It outlines the key disaster management institutions in Pakistan, including the National Disaster Management Authority, Federal Flood Commission, provincial and district disaster management authorities, and meteorological department. It describes the roles and responsibilities of these institutions. It also notes gaps in Pakistan's national disaster management system, such as trust issues, lack of resources and institutional capacity, and unreliable flood warnings. The document concludes by mentioning some recent developments by the Pakistani government to address these gaps, such as reinvigorating disaster risk reduction sub-clusters and introducing risk insurance policies.
This document provides an off-site emergency plan for Kurukshetra District in Haryana, India. It establishes a District Crisis Group to deal with chemical emergencies. The plan identifies hazards from chemical industries and transportation. It outlines the roles and responsibilities of various emergency response organizations. Medical, firefighting and other facilities in the district are also summarized. The plan aims to localize any emergency, minimize effects on life and property, and establish coordination between different stakeholders to effectively respond to potential chemical accidents off-site.
National Policy on Disaster management 2009Vishwa Sharma
The National Policy on Disaster Management 2009 outlines India's policy for reducing risks and losses from disasters. Key points:
1. The Disaster Management Act of 2009 provides the legal framework and establishes agencies like the National Disaster Management Authority and state and district authorities to oversee disaster management.
2. The policy focuses on prevention, mitigation and preparedness like evaluating infrastructure, training, and standard procedures.
3. It also covers disaster response, relief, rehabilitation, reconstruction, capacity building, knowledge management and technology to minimize losses from natural or man-made disasters.
Disaster Management in Asia: Models, Policies and Programmes for Social RecoveryGlobal Risk Forum GRFDavos
The document discusses disaster management models, policies, and programs in Asia. It provides details on frameworks used to analyze disaster response in China, Taiwan, and Japan, including the different types of disasters each faces, their legislation and policies for management, the government agencies and organizations involved, the role of NGOs, training needs and limitations, and effectiveness of response structures. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play supportive roles in all three locations, providing services, temporary housing, and community facilities.
The process of engendering the Conflict Early Warning and Response Mechanism (CEWARN) of the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) began already during the process of developing the methodology for CEWARN (for a summary of important dates see Appendix I). Shortly before CEWARN was ratified by its member-states and signed into protocol in January 2002, IGAD held a workshop on Placing Gender in the Mainstream: IGAD Police Seminar on Peace Building and Conflict Resolution in Khartoum, Sudan (15-16 Oct 2001).
This document is a law on forestry in Cambodia that was promulgated in 2002. It establishes the framework for sustainable forest management in Cambodia. Some key points:
- It defines roles and responsibilities for forest management, including sustainable harvesting and conservation. The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries has overall jurisdiction, while protected areas are managed by the Ministry of Environment.
- It establishes a Forestry Administration to manage forests according to the national forest policy and law. The Administration is responsible for tasks like sustainable forest management planning, research, and law enforcement.
- It requires the development of a National Forest Management Plan every 5 years to set priorities for forest management, conservation, and development at all levels
The National Disaster Management Plan (NDMP) was released by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. This is the first ever national disaster plan for India. The plan aims to make India more resilient to disasters and significantly reduce loss of lives and assets. It is based on themes of understanding risk, improving governance, investing in risk reduction and preparedness from the Sendai Framework. The plan covers all phases of disaster management and provides roles for different levels of government in prevention, mitigation, response and recovery. It also identifies key response activities and offers a framework for rebuilding after disasters.
The document discusses policy and institutions for disaster management. It emphasizes the importance of having a clear disaster management framework with a lead institution that has the mandate and capacity to coordinate response efforts across sectors. Effective disaster management requires defining roles and responsibilities among institutions, enabling cross-sectoral coordination, and allowing a shift from relief-focused approaches to more prevention and preparedness.
Records Security and Disaster ManagementAbdon Kanuti
The document discusses Tanzania's legal and regulatory framework for disaster management. Key points include:
- The main laws governing disaster management in Tanzania are the Disaster Relief Coordination Act of 1990 and the National Disaster Management Policy of 2004.
- The framework establishes the Tanzania Disaster Relief Committee and the Disaster Management Department to oversee coordination of disaster response at the national level.
- The framework also aims to empower communities through creating plans, training, and management support structures from the national to district levels.
- However, challenges remain around sufficient long-term funding, utilizing risk assessment results, increasing public awareness, and strengthening local disaster management committees.
This document discusses the need for a clearly defined national disaster management policy in Pakistan. It outlines the main elements that should be included in such a policy, including defining the disaster threats, assessing available resources, and outlining organizational arrangements for prevention, preparedness, response, recovery and development. The process of policy definition should consider factors like the disaster threat, likely effects, resources, and how the policy interlocks with other national policies like development and environment protection. The document provides examples of Pakistan's hazards like earthquakes, floods, tsunamis and discusses the country's disaster context due to factors like climate, geography and vulnerability. It outlines Pakistan's pre-2005 and post-2005 disaster management systems and arrangements.
Over the past 20 years from 1995-2015:
- There were 6,457 recorded weather-related disasters according to EM-DAT that killed over 606,000 people and affected over 4.1 billion.
- Floods, storms, heatwaves and other weather events accounted for 90% of disasters and Asia experienced the most disasters and deaths.
- The number of weather disasters rose from an average of 205 per year from 1995-2004 to an average of 335 per year from 2005-2014.
- While the number of people affected declined, the average death toll rose from 26,000 per year from 1995-2004 to over 34,000 per year from 2005-2014, showing continued vulnerability to climate hazards.
This document provides an overview of Uganda's policy and legal framework for wildlife management. It outlines several wildlife management models enshrined in Ugandan law, including ownership, licensing, protection, and participatory approaches. Key policies that guide wildlife management include the National Wildlife Policy 2014 and the National Environment Policy 1995. The main laws are the Uganda Wildlife Act, the National Environment and Management Act, and the National Forestry and Tree Planting Act 2003. Challenges to enforcement include limited awareness, lack of prioritization of wildlife crimes, and weak sentencing in laws. Effective enforcement requires addressing these challenges through sensitization, specialization, and enhanced prosecution.
The Asia Pacific Civil-Military Centre of Excellence (the Centre), in conjunction with the US Government’s Center for Excellence in Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance (COE-DMHA), co-hosted the Regional Senior Leaders Seminar (RSLS) in Cairns, Australia, from 16-19 May 2011.1 The seminar - a civil-military coordination forum for emerging government and non-government leaders from the Asia Pacific region – was attended by 31 participants from ten countries and included representatives from the United Nations and a number of other relevant organisations.2 Participants considered contemporary civil-military challenges for conflict and disaster management. The subject of the three-day seminar was Strengthening Civil-Military Coordination for Conflict and Disaster Management. It focused on two predominant themes: 1) ‘civil-military coordination in Disaster Management – what progress has been made and where do we go from here?’; and 2) ‘Protection of Civilians in a multiagency environment in complex emergencies’. The final day included a session on ‘New Ideas - Working with hyperconnected information in conflicts and disasters’.
The document outlines Turkey's National Plan of Damage Assessment Group, which was prepared according to Turkey's National Disaster Response Plan. The plan regulates the organization of damage assessment groups at the national and local level, as well as their working procedures. It also discusses a draft damage assessment methodology that focuses on determining the direct economic losses caused by disasters, using repair or replacement costs. The damage assessment groups are composed of representatives from various ministries and organizations to assess damages across sectors like agriculture, industry, and housing.
The document outlines the operational framework for responding to hydro-meteorological disasters in the Philippines. It describes the roles and responsibilities of the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) and its Operations Center in coordinating the response. The NDRRMC activates 8 response clusters based on reports from affected local governments requesting assistance or if no reports are received. It also coordinates with international organizations and follows protocols to ensure seamless response operations between national, local, and international actors.
National progress report on the implementation of the hyogo framework for actionThành Nguyễn
This National Progress Report Lao PDR is facilitated by UNISDR and the ISDR partnership. This report assesses the progress of the implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action (2013-2015). It assesses the current national strategic priorities with regard to the implementation of disaster risk reduction actions. The report establishes baselines on levels of progress achieved with respect to the implementation of the HFA’S five priorities for action.
PRIORITIES AND NEEDS IN DISASTER MANAGEMENTLy Nguyen
The Central Committee for Natural Disaster Prevention and Control presents on the priorities and needs in disaster management at the DIPECHO 17-year review conference.
Presentation by Ninil Jannah Lingkar Association: Disaster Risk Mitigation and Prevention for Science Teacher or Education, an Indonesia Experiences - NOSTRE Phillippine 2014, Iloilo City
Disaster Risk Reduction and ManagementRyann Castro
The document discusses disaster risk reduction and management in the Philippines. It defines key terms like hazard, exposure, vulnerability, capacity, and risk. It then examines specific disasters that have affected Baguio City like earthquakes and typhoons, outlining their impacts and lessons learned. The risk profile of the Philippines is also summarized, noting it is prone to earthquakes, typhoons, volcanoes and other natural hazards due to its location in the Pacific Ring of Fire. Historical seismicity data for Baguio City is also presented.
This document outlines an agenda for a SEO disaster prevention and recovery training session. It discusses identifying areas within an organization that could negatively impact SEO, such as other departments' initiatives. It provides strategies for plugging SEO holes, including checklists for development and QA teams. Processes for disaster prevention are proposed, like daily standup meetings and defining roles and responsibilities. Methods for disaster recovery are also presented, like using analytics and link analysis tools to diagnose issues. The training includes breakout sessions and sharing of SEO horror stories.
Doyenz Webinar: Disaster Prevention in the CloudDoyenz, Inc.
The document discusses Doyenz, a company that provides cloud-based disaster recovery solutions. It describes how Doyenz replicates client servers and networks to its data centers, allowing clients to failover production workloads to the cloud in the event of a disaster for business continuity. It also explains how Doyenz' virtual lab capabilities allow clients to test upgrades and migrations without disrupting production. A case study highlights how Doyenz helped an IT provider accelerate an operating system migration for a client.
The document provides an overview of the Incident Command System (ICS). It discusses the history and origins of ICS in the 1970s from the FIRESCOPE project. ICS can be used to manage both small and large emergency and non-emergency events. The key components of ICS include the incident commander, command and general staff, organizational structure with sections, branches, divisions and units, facilities like the incident command post, and concepts like the incident action plan, span of control, and unified command. ICS provides a standardized approach to the command, control, and coordination of emergency response.
The document provides information on building capacity for crisis response and incident management. It discusses the four phases of crisis management: mitigation/prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery. It emphasizes the importance of having crisis plans, conducting drills, assessing buildings, and using an incident command system. The document stresses being prepared at all levels through assessment, planning, training, and coordination with first responders.
ICNP - International Classification for Nursing PracticeJay Martinez
The document describes the development of the International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP). It discusses:
1) The ICNP was developed over several versions from 1989 to refine a standardized nursing terminology. Early versions used multi-axial models that were redundant and ambiguous.
2) Version 1.0 in 2005 transitioned to a simpler 7-axis model and formal modeling to ensure consistency and address issues in prior versions.
3) The ICNP provides a standardized language for describing nursing practice internationally and enables comparison of nursing data worldwide.
The document discusses the International Council of Nurses (ICN), its strategic goals and pillars. The ICN aims to enhance health globally by championing nurses, advocating for the profession, and influencing health policy. Its three pillars are professional practice, regulation, and socio-economic welfare. Some key strategies discussed are developing nursing leadership, addressing issues like migration and workplace violence, and influencing global health agendas. The ICN also supports nursing students and education through initiatives like its Girl-Child Education Fund.
This document provides background information on disasters and the role of nurses in disaster response. It discusses how disasters have increased globally in recent decades, particularly impacting developing nations. Nurses are often first responders during disasters and play vital roles in areas like triage, care provision, and counseling. However, nurses need disaster-specific competencies to effectively respond. The International Council of Nurses aims to clarify the disaster nursing role and support training through a new framework of competencies described in this document.
This act strengthens the Philippine disaster risk reduction and management system by establishing the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council to replace the National Disaster Coordinating Council and setting up Regional, Provincial, City, Municipal, and Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Councils. It also outlines the roles and responsibilities of these councils as well as the Office of Civil Defense.
Nursing case management and critical pathways of carepanthanalil
This document discusses nursing case management and critical pathways of care. It defines case management as a method to coordinate health care services and control costs. The key components of case management include case finding, assessment, care planning, and care coordination. Critical pathways are defined as anticipated care plans with goals and timelines for different health professionals. They standardize care for common conditions and aim to improve outcomes. The document outlines the roles of nurses as case managers and characteristics of effective case management programs and critical pathways.
The document discusses denial of service (DoS) and distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. It defines DoS attacks as attempts to make a machine or network resource unavailable to legitimate users. DDoS attacks specifically involve multiple devices in the attack. The document outlines different types of DDoS attacks and provides statistics on DDoS attacks from sources like Akamai. It then discusses best practices for preventing DDoS attacks, such as keeping software updated and monitoring networks, as well as methods for mitigating DDoS attacks, like traffic scrubbing services.
1) During disasters like droughts and floods, complete feed blocks, urea molasses mineral blocks, urea treatment of straws, fallen leaves, and unconventional feeds can be used to feed livestock.
2) Feeding industrial byproducts, sugarcane residues, aquatic plants, and mineral mixtures can also help sustain livestock. Potential problems from toxic feeds must be watched for.
3) Establishing calamity care centers, awareness on agroforestry, using weeds as fodder, water harvesting, drought adapted breeds, and animal insurance can help manage disasters and support livestock owners.
The Incident Command System (ICS) is a model for command, control, and coordination of emergency response at the site level.
ICS is “Organized Common Sense”
The Top Five Recommendations for Improving the Patient ExperienceHealth Catalyst
Improving patient satisfaction scores and the overall patient experience of care is a top priority for health systems. It’s a key quality domain in the CMS Hospital Value-Based Purchasing (VBP) Program (25 percent) and it’s an integral part of the IHI Triple Aim. But, despite the fact that health systems realize the importance of improving the patient experience of care, they often use patient satisfaction as a driver for outcomes. This article challenges this notion, instead recommending that they use patient satisfaction as a balance measure; one of five key recommendations for improving the patient experience:
Use patient satisfaction as a balance measure—not a driver for outcomes.
Evaluate entire care teams—not individual providers.
Use healthcare analytics to understand and act on data.
Leverage innovative technology.
Improve employee engagement.
This article also explains why patient experience is so closely tied to quality of care, and why it’s a prime indicator of a healthcare organization’s overall health.
This document summarizes Thailand's emergency and disaster management system. It discusses national security policies, disaster prevention plans, and procedures for different types of hazards. It outlines the command structure from local to national levels. It also describes strategies for preparedness, response, rehabilitation and reconstruction. Key frameworks for implementation include policies, healthcare systems, data management, logistics, and community preparedness. The roles of different ministries and organizations in disaster response are defined. The overall public health goals are to reduce morbidity and mortality during disasters through strengthening healthcare capacity and disaster risk reduction.
The document discusses frameworks for integrating climate change adaptation and disaster risk management in the Philippines. It outlines key policies and legislation established to mainstream these approaches into government and development planning from the national to local levels. Examples are provided of local government units that have implemented successful community-based adaptation and risk reduction projects, improving resilience to climate hazards.
Disaster Management Mechanism in Odisha.pptxKhalifaAnsari1
This document provides an overview of disaster management mechanisms in Odisha, India. It details the main types of disasters that occur in Odisha, including lightning, fire, sunstroke, floods, cyclones, and snakebites. The primary responsibility for disaster response lies with state governments, supported by the national government. Key guiding documents include the Odisha Relief Code, the Disaster Management Act of 2005, and plans created by various levels of administration. The document then outlines the organizational structure for disaster management, including roles for national, state, district, and local authorities.
Disaster Management Mechanism in Odisha.pptxsrinimail1
This document provides an overview of disaster management mechanisms in Odisha, India. It details that the primary responsibility for disaster response lies with state governments, supported by the national government. Key aspects summarized are:
- The leading causes of disaster deaths in Odisha from 2011-2016 were lightning, snakebite and drowning.
- The Odisha Relief Code and Disaster Management Act 2005 provide the guiding frameworks at the state and national levels.
- Disaster management is coordinated at national, state, district and local levels through authorities like the NDMA, SDMA and DDMA.
- Financial provisions include disaster response and mitigation funds at the central, state and district levels.
This document summarizes Vietnam's water-related disaster management strategies. It notes that Vietnam experiences various natural disasters annually, including storms, floods, droughts and landslides, which cause hundreds of deaths and billions of dollars in damages. The national strategy aims to minimize loss of life and economic costs through both structural measures like building dams and non-structural preparedness like early warning systems, training, and community education. Key government agencies coordinate prevention, response and recovery efforts at national and local levels to strengthen disaster resilience.
Peru has a National Civil Defense System (SINADECI) that coordinates disaster risk reduction (DRR) efforts. The National Institute of Civil Defense (INDECI) leads SINADECI and implements the National Plan for Disaster Prevention and Response. Key aspects of Peru's DRR system include its legal framework, institutional structures at national and sub-national levels, and sectoral incorporation of DRR into policies. Regional cooperation on DRR occurs through participation in initiatives like the Andean Strategy. Strengths include participation of all sectors in SINADECI, while weaknesses include need for improved coordination between actors and implementation of DRR plans.
A Presentation on " Emergency Management, Preparedness and Response " Present...CDRN
A Presentation on " Emergency Management, Preparedness and Response " Presented by Mr Gagan, Officer on Special Duty - Department of Disaster Management Government of Bihar at Workshop on Preparedness & Response for Emergencies and Times of Natural Disaster, Patna, Bihar - India, Organised By :-Corporate Disaster Resource Network, For Report please go to :-http://www.cdrn.org.in"
1) Nepal faces many natural disasters and has developed policies and legal frameworks for disaster risk management. However, the existing legal framework only focuses on emergency response and relief.
2) The document proposes revising Nepal's disaster management system based on international guidelines like the Hyogo Framework for Action. This includes establishing new committees and authorities at central and local levels to coordinate prevention, preparedness, response and recovery efforts.
3) Current and proposed policies address disaster relief funding, rebuilding efforts, preparedness activities, and integrating disaster management into development planning. The goal is an effective and participatory system that protects vulnerable people from disaster impacts.
This document outlines a proposed roadmap for developing an adaptive social protection agenda in Cambodia over 10 years. It begins with a review of the key findings from a situation analysis, which identified limited capacity for climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction, particularly at the local level. It also found low awareness of social protection policies and a need to strengthen coordination across social protection, climate adaptation and disaster risk reduction. The roadmap proposes a phased approach over 4 stages to build awareness, identify opportunities for integration, build capacity, support learning activities and strengthen partnerships between government, civil society and development partners to better coordinate vulnerability-reducing interventions. The goal is to create synergies between social protection, climate adaptation and disaster risk reduction policies and programs.
Cases of Disaster Prevention Activities in JapanNopphawanTamkuan
This content describes disaster prevention activities in Japan, disaster management system, information support team (ISUT) for information sharing, Strategic innovation promotion program (SIP), and the case of remote sensing data sharing to ISUT in Typhoon No.19 (Hagibis).
Role of government in disaster management at central tam 2013-20Vijay Kumar
The document outlines the roles of central, state and district governments in disaster management in India. It discusses the nodal agencies responsible for different types of disasters, the Disaster Management Act of 2005 which established authorities at national, state and district levels, and the responsibilities of central and state governments in providing relief. It also describes funding mechanisms, mitigation measures, new directions for disaster management, and the specific roles of state and district administrations in relief operations and disaster response.
The document provides an update on disaster risk management (DRM) priorities and activities in Lao PDR. It discusses the country's legal and implementation challenges to DRM, and summarizes the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery's (GFDRR) achievements since 2009 to develop DRM strategies, assessments, and mainstreaming. It outlines GFDRR's plans during 2014-2016 to further develop hydro-meteorological services, post-disaster reconstruction capacity, and risk financing options. The document also provides background on Lao PDR's climate risks and damage from recent disasters, as well as GFDRR's engagement and partners supporting DRM in the country.
International assistance for major disasters in IndonesiaALNAP
The BNPB is Indonesia's National Authority for Disaster Management, established in 2008 to replace the former coordinating board. It is directly responsible to the President of Indonesia. Disaster events have increased significantly in Indonesia, with 70% being hydro-meteorological disasters. The BNPB is responsible for rapid assessment and response in disaster situations, including rescue, evacuation, basic needs provision, infrastructure recovery and protecting vulnerable groups.
United nations development program lao pdrThành Nguyễn
Lao PDR is prone to a number of hazards. The UNDP and Lao PDR work closely together to strengthen Lao’s Disaster Management System and adaption to climate change. The UNDP and Lao PDR aim to strengthen the Disaster Management Systems and link them with climate change adaptation through multi-sectoral and multi-hazard approaches at all levels (national, provincial, district and village). The goal of the project is: “Government and vulnerable communities can more effectively respond to emergencies, adapt to changing climate and prepare for disasters”.
1) The document discusses lessons learned from responding to cyclones, including community preparedness strategies and organizational structures for disaster management in India.
2) It outlines the vulnerability of India to cyclones due to its long coastline and details several major cyclones that have impacted the country, causing widespread damage and loss of life.
3) The key points discussed include early warning systems, the formation of agencies like the National Disaster Management Authority to coordinate response, and strategies used by communities to prepare and respond during cyclones.
ORC, DM act and DM mechanism in Odisha Pradeep Panda
The document discusses disaster management mechanisms in Odisha, India. It outlines that primary responsibility for disaster response lies with state governments, while the central government provides supplementary support. Key guiding documents include the Odisha Relief Code, Disaster Management Act of 2005, and various plans issued by authorities at national, state and district levels. Disaster management is implemented through authorities established at each level, with responsibilities to coordinate response, prepare plans, and allocate funding for preparedness and relief. Minimum standards for relief camps and provisions are also prescribed.
Disaster Management Training Seminar, A Citizen's Empowerment Initiative by Rotary Club of Mumbai Lakers supported by Hiranandani Construction and MCGM. Presentation of the seminar held on 21st February 2010 at Olympia, Hiranandani Gardens, Powai, Mumbai - 400076
ESCAP provides technical assistance and advisory services to countries in the Asia-Pacific region to strengthen disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation. The document discusses ESCAP initiatives like establishing regional early warning systems, coordinating response efforts through the Regional Consultative Mechanism, and administering the Tsunami Trust Fund to build regional cooperation. It also provides examples of ESCAP's work providing post-disaster needs assessments and recommendations to mainstream DRR and CCA for recovery efforts in countries like Maldives and Cambodia.
Andhra Pradesh is prone to natural disasters such as cyclones, floods, and droughts. Over 44% of the state is vulnerable to storm surges, while floods affect about 15% of the state. Between 2014-2020, the state experienced numerous disasters including cyclones, floods, and drought. The presentation defines key disaster management concepts and outlines Andhra Pradesh's institutional arrangements for disaster management from the national to district levels. The National Disaster Management Authority heads disaster efforts at the national level while the State Disaster Management Authority oversees state-level efforts. Information flows from monitoring agencies to local authorities during disasters.
Similar to Natural disasters reduction in thailand (20)
The document summarizes the Geospatial Information and Space Technology Development Agency (GISTDA) of Thailand's use of space technology for disaster risk reduction. GISTDA utilizes satellite data and imagery to monitor and map natural disasters such as droughts, forest fires, and floods affecting Thailand. Satellite data from THEOS, SPOT, RADARSAT, and other satellites are used to detect hazards, assess damage from events, and disseminate information to authorities and the public through online maps and reports.
Presented in the ASEAN Cooperation on Utilization of Space Technology for Disaster Management Seminar, 11th Aug 2010 at Miracle Grand Convention Hotel, Thailand. Hosted by GISTDA
1. The document discusses geo-informatics and its use for disaster risk reduction and sustainable development through digital platforms like Digital Earth and Digital Asia.
2. Key applications mentioned include public participatory GIS, adaptation for climate change, monitoring glacial lakes, and early warning systems using sensor networks.
3. The Graduate School of Media and Governance at Keio University conducts research related to global innovation systems, security, and emerging crises through its Global Security Research Center.
1. The study aims to provide decision support for drought risk and crisis management in Cambodia using remote sensing data.
2. TRMM and MODIS data will be used to identify drought prone areas and monitor drought conditions. TRMM data will be used to classify drought prone areas while TVDI derived from MODIS will assess water stress.
3. The results can help identify areas for drought preparedness and mitigation as well as monitor drought response efforts. Remote sensing shows potential for drought monitoring when validated with ground data.
1) The document discusses a case study using the SINMAP model to conduct rain-triggered landslide hazard analysis in Nan Province, Thailand.
2) The SINMAP model combines an infinite slope stability model with a steady-state hill slope hydrology model to analyze landslide hazards under different rainfall and land cover scenarios.
3) The results of the analysis found that about 22% of historical landslides were in areas classified as having low hazard, while 49% occurred in areas of high hazard, indicating the model was effective at predicting landslide occurrence.
Presented in the ASEAN Cooperation on Utilization of Space Technology for Disaster Management Seminar, 11th Aug 2010 at Miracle Grand Convention Hotel, Thailand. Hosted by GISTDA
Presented in the ASEAN Cooperation on Utilization of Space Technology for Disaster Management Seminar, 11th Aug 2010 at Miracle Grand Convention Hotel, Thailand. Hosted by GISTDA
1) The document discusses how to effectively provide disaster information to end users.
2) It identifies different types of information needed like damage reports, images, and descriptions that can be collected and transmitted orally, via phone, fax, email or satellite images.
3) The information then needs to be interpreted or analyzed and cooked in a way that is easily understood by different end users like citizens, local governments to aid in emergency response, recovery and preparedness efforts.
Presented in the ASEAN Cooperation on Utilization of Space Technology for Disaster Management Seminar, 11th Aug 2010 at Miracle Grand Convention Hotel, Thailand. Hosted by GISTDA
The document summarizes the activities of the Asian Disaster Reduction Center (ADRC) including information sharing, human resource development, and community capacity building. It describes ADRC's Sentinel Asia program which utilizes satellite data from partner agencies for disaster management purposes. The goal of ADRC's Japan-ASEAN cooperation project is to build capacity for utilizing satellite images in producing disaster-related information and products through training workshops and seminars in ASEAN countries.
This document outlines a study that aims to model land suitability evaluation for growing certain crops in Lop Buri province, Thailand using geo-informatics technology. The study will integrate land quality factors like soil properties, climate, and erosion risk to create individual and combined land suitability maps for crops like rice, corn, sugarcane, cassava, and sunflower. Field data on crop requirements, soil characteristics, and land use will be analyzed in a GIS along with economic and social data to validate the land suitability maps. The results are expected to improve land management and identify optimal areas for different agricultural activities.
This document analyzes changes in land use and the encroachment of agriculture on forest reserves in Phu Luang Wildlife Sanctuary, Loei Province, Thailand between 1997-2010 using satellite imagery. The methodology involved classifying land use from Landsat images in 1997, 2001, 2005, and THEOS data in 2010, validating with field surveys. The results showed forest area decreased 15.28 sq km while agriculture increased 27.93 sq km over this period, demonstrating ongoing encroachment on the forest reserve despite protection measures.
This document discusses using remote sensing for agricultural drought monitoring in China. It presents several methods:
1) Various remote sensing indices are used to monitor vegetation conditions, surface temperature, and soil moisture from sensors including AVHRR and MODIS.
2) Models are developed to relate the indices to soil moisture measurements from monitoring stations.
3) The models are validated and incorporated into an operational drought monitoring system called DroughtWatch to monitor drought conditions across China.
Progress of land ecosystem studies with geo information and space technology ...
Natural disasters reduction in thailand
1. Mr.Montree Chanachaiviboonwat Bureau of Disaster Management Policy Dept.of Disaster Prevention & Mitigation ; Min. of Interior, Thailand E-mail:montrichat@yahoo.com Web:http://www.disaster.go.th (For Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency) Natural Disasters, Present Policies and Procedures for Disaster Risk Reduction in Thailand by
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20. * Source : Strengthening Disaster Management Strategies in Thailand, Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC), Sponsored by UNDP under THA/88/004, March 1994. Relative Hazard Risk, Associated Vulnerabilities, Level of their Management and Risk of Disaster Occurrence in Thailand * Hazard Vulnerability Management Risk Flood High Moderate Moderate High Typhoon & Storm surge High High Moderate Moderate Earthquake Low Low Poor Moderate Landslide Moderate Low Poor Moderate Drought High Moderate Moderate Moderate Fire High Moderate Moderate Moderate Explosion High Moderate Poor High Major Accident High Moderate Poor High Epidemic Low Low Moderate Low Pest Moderate Low Poor Moderate Civil Unrest Low Low Poor Moderate Refugee Influx Moderate Low Moderate Moderate
21. Rank order of risks of disasters of Thailand* * Source: Annex E, Page E4, Strengthening Disaster Management Strategies in Thailand, Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC), Sponsored by UNDP under THA/88/004, March 1994. Hazard Subjective Rank Numeric Weight Flood High 2.39 Major Accidents High 2.37 Explosion High 2.34 Typhoon Moderate 2.31 Drought Moderate 2.24 Fire Moderate 2.20 Landslide Moderate 2.15 Earthquake Moderate 1.97 Civil Unrest Moderate 1.92 Refugee Influx Moderate 1.87 Pests Moderate 1.77 Epidemics Low 1.63
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24. ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE OF DM IN THAILAND PM DPM Ntnl Commt MINISTRIES/DEPTS PROVINCIAL DIR BMA DIR DDPM REQUEST SUPPORT SUPPORT REQUEST DIR. OF DDPM’S REGIONAL CNTR ORDER ORDER REQUEST SUPPORT REQUEST SUPPORT REQUEST SUPPORT DISTRICT DIR LOCAL DIR SUPPORT ORDER NEAR BY PRV DIR EOU EOU EOU VOLUNTRS . ORDER ORDER ORDER JOIN PRIVATE SCTR & NGO’S REQUEST SUPPORT SUPPORT REQUEST EOU NEAR BY DISTRICT OR LOCAL DIR ORDER SUPPORT REQUEST EOU SUPPORT EOU ORDER MILITARY ORDER SUPPORT REQUEST ORDER ORDER ORDER DISASTROUS AREA REQUEST COORDINATE (ORDER IN CASE OF MIL) INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES// INTERNATIONAL UNITS COORDINATE EOU
37. Reading BLACK 0 – 50 mm = LIGHT RAIN GREEN 51 – 100 mm = MODERATE RAIN RED 101 – 150 mm = HEAVY RAIN ORANGE 151 – 200 mm = VERY HEAVY RAIN 200 150 100 50 0
38. Cut the upper part &Pour mortar to adjust the bottom part of bottle HOW TO MAKE A SIMPLE RAIN GAUGE !