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Diaster
- 1. Feeding Management during Disaster Dr.R.Murugeswari, Dr.S.Gunasekaran & Dr.S.MeenakshiSundaram Madras Veterinary College, Chennai
- 6. India has experiencedtwenty four large scale droughts in 1891, 1896, 1899, 1905, 1911, 1915, 1918, 1920, 1941, 1951, 1965, 1966, 1972, 1974, 1979, 1982, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2009 and 2012 with increasing frequencies during the periods 1891-1920, 1965-1990 and 1999-2012
- 8. Flood When the streamsspread their waters in the adjacent areas after cutting their banks, the conditions is called flood. Flood conditions are observed in the coastal areas due to cyclonic rainfall. Through, the main reason for floods is monsoon, but situations of river basins, changing of river courses. Flood Areas: Areas of Maximum Frequency: Every year. Brahmaputra valley, lower Ganga valley, delta regions of Godavari, Krishna, Mahanadi and Kaveri and the basins of rivers like Gandak, Kosi, etc. Areas of Medium Frequency: In five or less years. Most of the flood-affected areas of India are included in it. Areas of Minimum Frequency: Less rainfall. But, in these areas flood conditions are observed due to sudden cloud burst or improper water drainage system in five or more years.
- 10. Feeding technologies tobe used during and after Disaster Complete feed blocks Urea molasses mineral block (licks) Urea treatment of straws Use of dry and fallen tree leaves Use of unconventional feeds
- 11. Complete feed block(CFB) • Forage + concentrate + supplementary nutrients • The blocks were made of proportionate mixture of wheat bran, rice, bran mustard, groundnut cakes, 1% urea, molasses, minerals and salt. • Contains about 13% CP and 50 - 55% TDN • The nutritive value is 33% higher than common feed. • Different types of feed blocks maintenance, growth and lactation
- 12. Complete Feed BlockMaking Machine
- 13. Urea molasses mineralblock (licks) • (UMMB) is a strategic feed supplement for ruminant animals. • Molasses + urea + other ingredients • Crop residues are deficient in fermentable nitrogen, energy and minerals. • Readily degradable protein and readily fermentable energy to ruminant animals The Criteria for the composition of the block: local availability, nutritive value, price, existing facilities
- 15. Urea treatment ofstraws
- 16. Use of dryand fallen tree leaves • Besides common fodder, shrubs and herbs like pipal, neem, mango, kathal, etc. • The limited availability DCP - 1-2% TDN - 10-15%. • Potential sources of carotene (Vit-A)
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- 18. 18 Quality Fodder duringdisaster
- 19. Sugarcane crop residue •Sugarcane trash used as fuel for the preparation of jaggery • Can be use to supply roughage requirement after chaffing and enriching with more palatable and nutritious feeds. • Sugarcane bagasse
- 20. • India oneof the leading sugarcane producers in the world • India produces nearly 40 million metric tonne (MMT) • For 10 kg sugarcane 3 kg wet bagasse production • There is a potential of 3500 MW electricity 20 Sugarcane bagasseSugarcane bagasse
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- 22. Feeding Industrial By-Products Distillergrain waste
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- 25. Tamarind seed Prosopisgrandulosa Prosopis juliflora Cassava leaves Ground nut haulms hay
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- 27. Aquatic plants • Palatabilityis low (Alkaloids & polyphenol) • Besides supplying protein and energy they are rich sources of carotenes. • Water hyacinth, aquatic spinach, stalks and leaves of lotus plant (Neumbiull sp.), water chestnut (Trapa natans), hydrilla, pistia, aquatic weeds. • They are available readily at most of the places during floods
- 28. Neumbiull sp. Waterchestnut Hydrilla Pisitia
- 29. 29 Common Aquatic plantsof IndiaCommon Aquatic plants of India
- 30. Feeding mineral mixture Mineralsplay vital role against disesase by producing antibodies to increase the immunity. During disaster period, the animal is in stress and more prone to disease susceptibility like FMD, RP etc. Hence, the animal should be fed 50 gms /day/ cattle and 20gm/day/small ruminant of mineral mixture daily with feed.
- 31. Stay alert forpotential problems which might result because of drought conditions • Use of salt to limit feed intake. • Over-consumption of urea-containing supplements – urea toxicity. • Sorghum type hays, may contain high levels of nitrate. • Prussic acid or cyanide poisoning can also be a problem in grazing drought stunted plants such as Johnson grass, sorghum, sorghum hybrids, and sudan grass.
- 32. Stay alert forpotential problems which might result because of drought conditions • Cattle grazing short pasture are more likely to consume toxic plants . • Rumen impaction - too much of a low quality high fiber forage such as drought pasture or peanut hulls, straws or gin trash & Lack of adequate water. • Hardware disease. Hay harvested from vacant city lots, roadsides etc., broiler litter and other such feed may contain nails, wire, or foreign objects which can pierce the rumen wall resulting in death of the animal.
- 34. Ways forward ofDisaster Management 1.Establishment of Calamity Care Centre (CCC) for Animal • Alert to department of Animal Husbandry and district administration. • Advice the farmers to judiciously use the locally available feed / fodder resources to counter the calamity. • To provide feed / fodder • To alleviate livestock stress during calamity. • Initiate activities related to post calamity period to restore complete recovery • Non calamity period, this centre to prepare and reserve complete feed blocks as well as to process the locally available feed ingredients to atleast sustain livestock life.
- 35. Ways forward ofDisaster Management 2. Farmer’s awareness programme on different agro- forestry system and its establishment • Agroforestry is a dynamic, ecological based, natural resource management system in which trees or shrubs are grown • Agroforestry enhances the ecosystem through carbon storage, prevents deforestation, leads to biodiversity conservation and soil and water conservation. • Drought resistant ability – ensures availability of fodder even during drought. • India is the first country in the world to come out with a National Agroforestry policy which is aimed at not just increasing tree cover, but providing multiple livelihood and environmental benefits.
- 36. Silvipasture Agri silvipasture HomeGardens Hortipasture Boundary Plantations
- 37. TREE FODDER STORAGEAS HAY
- 38. 03/01/17 Source FAO& ESGPIP 38 LEAF MEAL FEEDING Tree fodders Leucaena leucocephala, Gliricidia sepium - harvested and dried – included in the goat concentrate feed upto 30% Reduction in the feed cost by Rs.4.50/- per kg
- 39. Ways forward ofDisaster Management 3. Weed as a source of fodder
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- 41. Ways forward ofDisaster Management 4.MANAGEMENT OF WATER RESOURCES AND RAIN WATER HARVESTIN
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- 43. Ways forward ofDisaster Management 4. Drought adapted breeds of livestock: Livestock of the arid areas is known to inherent high production potential and drought hardiness. Cows of Tharparkar, Rathi, gir and Kankrej breeds have high milk production capacity (1,500-2,500 litres per lactation) and Nagauri, Hariana and Kankrej bullocks have reputation as excellent draught animals. Marwari, a desert goat breed can survive even on meager quantities of feed, fodder and water.
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- 47. Ways forward ofDisaster Management 5. Animal insurance-A financial safeguard to livestock owners during natural calamities :The Govt. of India has launched various programmes for the benefit of small farmers, marginal farmers, agricultural labourers, etc. Since 1980 all these schemes were integrated into Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) funded by Central and State Govts. •CATTLE INSURANCE •Inclusive of fire, lightning, flood, inundation, storm, hurricane, earthquake, cyclone, tornado, tempest and famine Sheep and Goat Insurance
- 48. Feeding management duringdisaster - TANUVAS experience One ton of complete feed blocks were prepared at Institute of Animal Nutrition, Kattupakkam and supplied to Cuddalore from TANUVAS along with concentrate feed and green fodder.
- 50. Hydroponic fodder feeding Requiresless land space and water and facility to produce fodder round the year through foliar spray of water in a short duration of 8- 10 days. Water usage 2.5 litres Vs 65 litres in conventional fodder production. Green fodder with crude protein 13%, can replace the concentrate feed level in the ration. Useful to urban livestock farmers Useful in drought and water indundation conditions will provide feed security.