Hurricanes are tropical storms characterized by strong winds and heavy rain that form over warm ocean waters. Tornadoes are rotating columns of air that extend from the base of thunderstorms to the ground. Volcanoes form at boundaries where tectonic plates meet or separate, allowing magma and gases to escape the Earth's crust. Tsunamis are a series of powerful ocean waves caused by earthquakes, landslides, or volcanic eruptions that can cause devastating damage to coastal areas.