IKS is now mandated in the NEP2020 and this discusses why IKS, and what a teacher in a higher education institution can do. Used I my talk at Sedam, Karnataka

1. Dr. G P Sudhakar
Centre for Educational and Social Studies, Bengaluru
Bharatiya Knowledge
Systems - The new
opportunity for
teachers and
educational institutions

2. My Qualifications to speak about IKS!

3. • Kanji Malam – Mandvi port
• Gathapathi Saddalputra, -500 to 300 BC - Sreni
• Huvishka Kushan Reign 150–180 CE
• Chulla Setti - Jataka
• Fateh Chand - Jagath Seth title 1723
• Virji Vora 1619-1670

4. Bharatiya Gyan Parampara or IKS?
Bharatiya
Gyan - includes spiritual, experiential and wisdom
Parampara - Continuity

5. Structure of this presentation
1. IKS in the NEP 2020 - some extracts
2. IKS in the mandate for curriculum framework
3. Why IKS?
4. Where and how can we incorporate IKS?
5. From Teacher to Guru - The evolution
6. Sources of material and risks associated with IKS
7. Role of Institutions in NEP -2020 - IKS
8. Your ideas

6. IKS in the National Education Policy (NEP)
“The fundamental principles that will guide both the education
system at large, as well as the individual institutions within it are: …a
rootedness and pride in India, and its rich, diverse, ancient and
modern culture and knowledge systems and traditions;” NEP 2020
“Instilling knowledge of India and its varied social, cultural, and
technological needs, its inimitable artistic, language, and knowledge
traditions, and its strong ethics in India’s young people is considered
critical for purposes of national pride, self-confidence, self-
knowledge, cooperation, and integration” [NEP 2020, Introduction, p.
4]

7. 4.29 All curriculum and pedagogy, from the foundational stage onwards,
will be redesigned to be strongly rooted in the Indian and local context
and ethos in terms of culture, traditions, heritage, customs, language,
philosophy, geography, ancient and contemporary knowledge, societal
and scientific needs, indigenous and traditional ways of learning etc. – in
order to ensure that education is maximally relatable, relevant,
interesting, and effective for our students. Stories, arts, games, sports,
examples, problems, etc. will be chosen as much as possible to be
rooted in the Indian and local geographic context. Ideas, abstractions,
and creativity will indeed best flourish when learning is thus rooted”
“An engaging course on Indian Knowledge Systems will also be available
to students in secondary school as an elective.” [NEP 2020, 4.27]
IKS in the National Education Policy (NEP)

8. IKS in Mandate for Curriculum Framework
2.2 Major paradigm shifts in education recommended by
the NEP 2020
(e) Rootedness in India; (f) Criticality of the culture of
institutions and the system for achieving educational
goals;
2.3 Some key deliverables of the new curriculum
(c) A rootedness and pride in India.
(d) A sense of service (Seva) to others in need, to
one’s country, and to the world.

9. English or Present system and Bharatiya
system
● Focus on Employment
● Creating a Selfish world
● Sustainability is not all
pervading
● Industrial age
● Unable to answer questions
about traditions and local
aspects
● Focus on Man Making
education
● Creating a harmonious world
● Sustainability is critical and
woven into all aspects
● inner growth age
● Integrated with traditions
and local community
A new Swadeshi Movement
in Education with NEP2020

10. Some background
Angus Maddison’s
(2003) work
shows that by the
1st millennia CE,
India’s GDP had
acquired about
1/3rd to ½ of the
total world GDP.
The Golden Age
of India had
reached its peak
during the Gupta
dynasty circa 6th
century.
Many thousands
of years of
economic activity
or experience
Today -
Unorganized
sector is 3-4 times
the size of
organized sector
in value and
maybe 10 times
in employment.
India Uninc
We have a huge
reservoir of
knowledge, case
studies, best
practices, etc.

11. Why IKS?
Correcting a historical mistake
Develops Pride and self confidence in the learners
African countries and China have done substantial research on Indigenous
knowledge integration into the curriculum - Findings are very clear - Substantial
value add to understanding, retention and real connect with the content
The content available is substantial, unique, and very useful in today's world
Different perspective than the western paradigm

12. What are the potential components of IKS in higher
education content
concepts/ practices/ case studies which are
uniquely Indian and contemporary.
Concepts/ ideas/ constructs
based on India’s ancient
wisdom. Also, history
Research methods unique to
India
01 02
03

13. concepts/ ideas/ constructs based on India’s ancient
wisdom
Did ancient Indians
have experience ?
Water/Kingdoms/Temples/
International trade
Are ancient ideas relevant
for today?
Bharatiya sources
examples
Vedas
Upanishads
Ramayana and
Mahabharata
Arthasashtra by
Chanakya/Kauthilya
Panchatantra, Tirukural
Pathanjali etc.
More recent material
from
Vivekananda
Gandhi
Shankara

14. Strategic Management

15. Origins of Double entry accounting
Accountancy - Class 11
“1.3 The earliest treatise on accounting is generally thought to be Pacioli's
Summar of 1494. However, Bahikhata (a double-entry system of bookkeeping)
predates the ‘Italian’ method by many centuries. Its existence in India prior to the
Greek and Roman empires suggests that Indian traders took it with them to Italy,
and from there the double-entry system spread through Europe,” BOMBAY
CHARTERED ACCOUNTANT JOURNAL JULY 2018
Hemadri pant - Yadhav dynasty -
Maharashtra - Mesthaks - 13th
century - accounting heads/day book
• Partha system of financial control
• Artha shastra

16. Another example
What can we learn about motivation from Ramayana?

17. Contemporary Management concepts/ practices/ case
studies which are uniquely Indian
Contemporary practices
• Case studies like – Arvind
Eye, Kumbh Mela
•
Business Practices of Marwari,
Chettier’s, Parsi’s
• Concepts such as Jugaad-
frugal innovation
• Bottom of the pyramid
opportunity – CKP – pioneers
MNC - HLL/Nirma/Wheel
Unorganized sector
• It is 82% of the workforce and
contributes 50% of GDP
• This is a great opportunity
area for research. Many
cases, concepts unique to
India are not well documented
– selling techniques,
accounting, financial
management, innovation
there is plenty of unique and
valuable Bhartiya way.
• Local and hyper local content
is possible with some
research
Most Important Slide

18. Indian methods of research
Value of reflection and personal experience
Not only western scientific method - rebirth research
Tapas

19. The urgent need for innovations in pedagogy
● We are not preparing learners for the spartan age or industrial age, after the
information age will be the ideas age and consciousness age ( self
development and inner growth)
● The New Education policy stresses on skills, and holistic education ( away
from rote learning and ranks)
● Pedagogy will aim for holistic development of learners by equipping them
with the key 21st century skills, reduction in curricular content to enhance
essential learning and critical thinking and greater focus on experiential
learning
● Technology advancement offers opportunities for innovations in use of
technology
● Content is mostly free and readily available to everyone

20. Pedagogy needs to be directed at
● Shifting away from rote learning
● Preparing students with skills
● Preparing confident students with critical and creative
thinking abilities
● Foundational Language, literacy and numeracy
● Reflection, enquiry, research
NEP

21. Grow from Teachers/Lecturers to Gurus
Teacher Guru
Information Experience
Knowing ( having learnt ) Being ( having experienced)
Transaction One way ! ( no way to return to Guru)
Addition Transformation ( Dwij)
Mind Connection Heart Connection
Vidyarthi Shishya
Most important for NEP 2020 to succeed

23. Can we use some methods from the gurukul
system?
● Use only what is relevant for today and make modifications/improvements as required
● Chanting
● Story
● Practical/applied learning - Place based learning
● Discussion
● Enquiry/reflection
● Research/Tantra Yukthi
● Individualised learning program - teacher-student relationship
● Mixed age classroom

24. Major themes in Bhartiya thought apart from
domain specific ideas and skills
Universalism - Vasudeva Kutumbakam
Dharma and decision making – Contextuality
Objective /Subjective
Ethics
Purpose – serva loka hitham – stakeholders – General Good
Self management

25. THE MANY RISKS
Interpretation
of texts
Nostalgic
research
Variations
Absence of
structured
text books

27. Sources for material on IKS
https://iksindia.org/index.php
https://indianculture.gov.in/indian-culture-repository
https://vedicheritage.gov.in/
https://www.rarebooksocietyofindia.org/
https://management.cessedu.org/
https://indica.in/
https://www.bharatiyakritisampada.nic.in/

28. Thank You