Narrative Investigation
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Narrative refers to the organization of elements in a story, such as facts, characters, and actions, to form a meaningful story. There are different structures for narratives, including closed structures where the story ends satisfactorily, open endings where the conclusion is unclear, and multi-strand structures where multiple narratives occur simultaneously. Narrative theories from Roland Barthes and Todorov relate to conventions of horror genres, with protagonists solving puzzles to save people and confront supernatural threats.
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Narrative theory
This document discusses several narrative theorists and their perspectives on narrative structure. It describes Roland Barthes' five narrative codes that are merged into any narrative: the hermeneutic code, proairetic code, semantic code, symbolic code, and referential code. It also summarizes Tzvetan Todorov's view that narratives follow a five-part structure of equilibrium, disruption, recognition, attempt to repair, and reinstatement of equilibrium. Finally, it outlines several theorists' perspectives on character types and modular narrative structures.
Narrative theory 2
The document discusses several narrative theories and how they relate to psychological horror films like The Shining. It outlines Todorov's narrative structure of equilibrium, disruption, and new equilibrium. It also discusses Propp's 8 character types and 31 functions that can be applied to films. Additionally, it discusses Levi-Strauss's theory of binary oppositions seen in films pitting good vs evil. Finally, it analyzes Roland Barthes' 5 codes - hermeneutic, proairetic, semantic, symbolic, and cultural - that are woven into narratives to develop tension and meaning.
Past student analysis 3
The document provides an analysis of the opening shots of a thriller film called "DrIvE". It summarizes that the opening establishes an antagonist holding someone restrained in a chair at gunpoint. Subsequent shots show blood dripping, implying the restrained man is injured. Text then reveals the name of an actor in the film. Flashforwards between the antagonist and protagonist build tension. Shots of the antagonist calmly driving away while the protagonist is missing amplify the power dynamic. The opening concludes with the protagonist in the trunk of the car while tense music plays, leaving the audience worried for their fate.
Past student work – analysis 2
The document provides an analysis of the opening scene of the film "Redemption". It summarizes:
1) The opening scene uses establishing shots of London to set the scene and introduces the protagonist searching for something important over the city skyline with suspenseful music playing.
2) A text message on the protagonist's phone gives coordinates for a meeting location, heightening anticipation about the important object and tension around the unknown location.
3) The protagonist travels to the meeting location, and the title "Redemption" is shown, implying he seeks to regain a lost possession.
4) Through its use of shots, lighting, and music, the opening establishes suspense and tension that leaves
Narrative theories
Tzvetan Todorov's narrative theory states that all narratives follow three stages of equilibrium: 1) the initial equilibrium, 2) a disruption of the equilibrium (disequilibrium), and 3) a return to the new equilibrium. Vladimir Propp's character theory suggests there are recognizable character types in narratives, such as heroes, villains, helpers. Claude Levi-Strauss's binary opposition theory says narratives contain opposites like protagonists vs. antagonists that create conflict. Roland Barthes identified five narrative codes that structure how audiences understand stories: action, enigma, semic, symbolic, and cultural.
Elements of fiction
The document discusses key elements of short stories, including their typical structure based on Aristotle's Poetics. It notes that short stories are meant to be read in one sitting, focus on one main incident, and have fewer characters than novels. The typical short story structure includes an exposition, inciting incident, rising action, climax, and denouement. It also discusses important elements like character types, themes, and narrative point of view.
Gustav Freytag
The document discusses narrative theory and Gustav Freytag's analysis of dramatic structure. Freytag, a German novelist and playwright, developed what is known as "Freytag's pyramid" to describe the five-part structure of drama: exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and dénouement. Although based on five-act plays, Freytag's pyramid can also be applied to novels and short stories. The pyramid analyzes the plot progression and resolution of conflicts in dramatic works.
Thriller conventions
Thriller conventions typically involve:
1) A plot centered around justice/injustice with the protagonist intervening in the antagonist's plans, creating a growing sense of threat.
2) A narrative told from the protagonist's point of view as they work to overcome events, though the antagonist's perspective is sometimes shown as well.
3) Protagonists that are often ordinary people pulled into danger, while antagonists cannot be trusted and may have psychological issues driving their actions.
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Narrative theory
This document discusses several narrative theorists and their perspectives on narrative structure. It describes Roland Barthes' five narrative codes that are merged into any narrative: the hermeneutic code, proairetic code, semantic code, symbolic code, and referential code. It also summarizes Tzvetan Todorov's view that narratives follow a five-part structure of equilibrium, disruption, recognition, attempt to repair, and reinstatement of equilibrium. Finally, it outlines several theorists' perspectives on character types and modular narrative structures.
Narrative theory 2
The document discusses several narrative theories and how they relate to psychological horror films like The Shining. It outlines Todorov's narrative structure of equilibrium, disruption, and new equilibrium. It also discusses Propp's 8 character types and 31 functions that can be applied to films. Additionally, it discusses Levi-Strauss's theory of binary oppositions seen in films pitting good vs evil. Finally, it analyzes Roland Barthes' 5 codes - hermeneutic, proairetic, semantic, symbolic, and cultural - that are woven into narratives to develop tension and meaning.
Past student analysis 3
The document provides an analysis of the opening shots of a thriller film called "DrIvE". It summarizes that the opening establishes an antagonist holding someone restrained in a chair at gunpoint. Subsequent shots show blood dripping, implying the restrained man is injured. Text then reveals the name of an actor in the film. Flashforwards between the antagonist and protagonist build tension. Shots of the antagonist calmly driving away while the protagonist is missing amplify the power dynamic. The opening concludes with the protagonist in the trunk of the car while tense music plays, leaving the audience worried for their fate.
Past student work – analysis 2
The document provides an analysis of the opening scene of the film "Redemption". It summarizes:
1) The opening scene uses establishing shots of London to set the scene and introduces the protagonist searching for something important over the city skyline with suspenseful music playing.
2) A text message on the protagonist's phone gives coordinates for a meeting location, heightening anticipation about the important object and tension around the unknown location.
3) The protagonist travels to the meeting location, and the title "Redemption" is shown, implying he seeks to regain a lost possession.
4) Through its use of shots, lighting, and music, the opening establishes suspense and tension that leaves
Narrative theories
Tzvetan Todorov's narrative theory states that all narratives follow three stages of equilibrium: 1) the initial equilibrium, 2) a disruption of the equilibrium (disequilibrium), and 3) a return to the new equilibrium. Vladimir Propp's character theory suggests there are recognizable character types in narratives, such as heroes, villains, helpers. Claude Levi-Strauss's binary opposition theory says narratives contain opposites like protagonists vs. antagonists that create conflict. Roland Barthes identified five narrative codes that structure how audiences understand stories: action, enigma, semic, symbolic, and cultural.
Elements of fiction
The document discusses key elements of short stories, including their typical structure based on Aristotle's Poetics. It notes that short stories are meant to be read in one sitting, focus on one main incident, and have fewer characters than novels. The typical short story structure includes an exposition, inciting incident, rising action, climax, and denouement. It also discusses important elements like character types, themes, and narrative point of view.
Gustav Freytag
The document discusses narrative theory and Gustav Freytag's analysis of dramatic structure. Freytag, a German novelist and playwright, developed what is known as "Freytag's pyramid" to describe the five-part structure of drama: exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and dénouement. Although based on five-act plays, Freytag's pyramid can also be applied to novels and short stories. The pyramid analyzes the plot progression and resolution of conflicts in dramatic works.
Thriller conventions
Thriller conventions typically involve:
1) A plot centered around justice/injustice with the protagonist intervening in the antagonist's plans, creating a growing sense of threat.
2) A narrative told from the protagonist's point of view as they work to overcome events, though the antagonist's perspective is sometimes shown as well.
3) Protagonists that are often ordinary people pulled into danger, while antagonists cannot be trusted and may have psychological issues driving their actions.
Genre Research
The document provides an overview of key forms and conventions of the thriller genre. It discusses prototypical characters such as a brave male protagonist and mysterious antagonist. It also outlines common iconography in thrillers like guns, cars, and detectives. Additionally, it notes thriller conventions for lighting/color, sound, locations, fonts, and common themes around crime, corruption, and humanity's darker sides.
Genre research
The document provides an overview of key forms and conventions of the thriller genre. It discusses prototypical characters such as a brave male protagonist and mysterious antagonist. It also outlines common iconography in thrillers like guns, cars, and detectives. Additionally, it notes stylistic elements thrillers typically employ, including low key lighting, tense music, ominous fonts and locations that enhance the sense of mystery or danger. The document serves as a guide for researching and understanding the defining aspects of the thriller genre.
Elements of fiction
The document discusses Aristotle's concept of plot structure for short stories. It outlines his view that short stories should follow a specific pattern, including an exposition, inciting incident, rising action, climax, and denouement. This pattern aims to create a unified story with no extraneous elements. The document also briefly touches on other elements of short stories like character, conflict, theme, and their relationship to Aristotle's principles of plot structure.
A little bit of narrative theory
This document discusses several concepts related to analyzing narratives:
1. It describes five common narrative codes - action, enigma, semic, symbolic, and cultural codes - that convey meaning to audiences.
2. It outlines characteristics of closed and open narratives, noting elements like resolution, character development, and timelines.
3. It discusses Vladimir Propp's analysis of character roles that commonly appear in folktales, such as villains, heroes, helpers, and rewards.
4. The concept of binary opposition is explained, in which narratives are driven by conflicts between opposing forces like good vs evil, order vs chaos. Analyzing these forces aids understanding of the narrative.
Homefront
The title sequence uses various camera shots and angles to depict a journey from isolated rural areas to a more populated society. It begins with high overhead shots of woodlands and fields before cutting to close-ups of characters, then moves between low-angle and eye-level shots within forests and villages. Interspersed are shots of potentially dangerous animals and isolated buildings to convey a sense of being watched and trapped before opening up to shots of streets, cars and people to indicate the return to civilization. The sound used is non-diegetic music to accompany this visual narrative without adhering strictly to thriller conventions.
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This PowerPoint is part of my A2 Media Studies coursework. It briefly explains narrative theory, before going on to talk about different narrative theorists, and how their theories are relevant to my work.
9 Frame Analysis for Final Destination 3
This document analyzes 9 frames from the opening of a horror film. Frame 1 introduces the film's dark logo. Frame 2 builds tension with text about fortunes and a dark background. Frame 3 begins the film with a low-angle shot of a roller coaster to create tension. Frame 4 establishes the main character in a red coat against a dark background. Frame 5 shows a group of friends at an amusement park to connect the audience to the characters. Frame 6 focuses on a camera that will be important to the plot. Frame 7 shows clowns at the park to invoke fear in viewers. Frame 8 features vulnerable girls who may be killed. Frame 9 links a devil statue to the roller coaster to suggest fear and tension.
Narrative theory
This document introduces several theorists of narrative structure, including Tzvetan Todorov, Vladimir Propp, Roland Barthes, and Claude Levi-Strauss. It summarizes some of their main contributions: Todorov proposed narratives follow a structure of equilibrium, disequilibrium, and new equilibrium. Propp identified 31 narrative functions that follow a sequential order. Barthes described codes like the hermeneutic code that establish narrative mysteries. And Levi-Strauss viewed narratives as based on binary oppositions that reveal deeper ideological meanings.
Theories
Torodov's narrative theory states that most stories follow a basic structure of equilibrium disrupted by an event, followed by attempts to repair the disruption and reinstate the equilibrium. He suggested stories have 5 stages: 1) initial equilibrium, 2) disruption, 3) recognition of disruption, 4) attempt to repair, 5) reinstatement of equilibrium. Propp identified 7 common character types in stories: villain, donor, helper, princess, false hero, dispatcher, and hero. Barthes described 5 codes that provide meaning in texts: hermeneutic code of mystery and enigma, proairetic code of action and tension, semantic code of connotation, symbolic code of deeper meaning from opposing ideas, and referential code
Last house on the left 9 frame
The document provides a frame-by-frame analysis of the opening title sequence of the horror film "Last House on the Left." The analysis notes that the old-fashioned title font suggests the story is set in the past. Various shots establish a dark, mysterious forest setting and introduce a criminal character trapped in the back of a police car being transported for punishment. Warning lights are seen flashing, foreshadowing that something bad will happen to endanger the characters. A point-of-view shot shows an oncoming car about to collide with the police car, suggesting the officers may die in the crash.
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This document discusses narrative theories proposed by Barthes and Cameron. It outlines Barthes' 5 code theory which describes different codes that provide meaning and advance narratives, such as the hermeneutic code involving clues and the proairetic code involving actions. It also discusses Cameron's modular narratives, describing techniques like anachronic narratives using flashbacks, forking paths showing alternative stories, and episodic narratives connecting separate stories through a theme.
The Plot
The document discusses different types of plot structures in literature. It defines plot and describes pyramidal, episodic, and epiphanic plots. The pyramidal plot follows a basic structure of exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution. It can be analyzed using Freytag's pyramid. Episodic plots feature distinct episodes that can stand alone, like novels by Cervantes and Twain. Epiphanic plots involve a protagonist gaining sudden insight during a struggle that leads to a climax or reversal. Plots can be told chronologically or through flashbacks and the "in medias res" technique of starting in the middle.
Narrative powerpoint
Narratives across different cultures generally follow common structural patterns involving disruption of equilibrium, action in response, and restoration of a new equilibrium, with theorists like Propp and Campbell identifying universal narrative archetypes like The Hero's Journey. Narrative theory examines how stories are constructed through elements like characters, events, themes, and the relationship between the story and its telling. Understanding narrative conventions and how they shape meaning is important for analyzing how media texts engage audiences.
Narrative theory
This document discusses several narrative theorists and their contributions. Vladimir Propp analyzed character roles in stories and identified common roles like the hero, villain, and donor. Tzvetan Todorov suggested most narratives follow a pattern of equilibrium, disruption of equilibrium by an outside force, and restoration of a new equilibrium. Roland Barthes proposed that narratives use five codes - action, enigma, symbolic, semantic, and cultural - to engage the reader. Finally, Claude Levi-Strauss examined how stories unconsciously reflect cultural values through symbolic binary oppositions like good vs evil.
Anti narrative and Conventional Narrative
The document discusses conventional narrative structure and anti-narrative structure. Conventional narrative structure, as outlined by Tzvetan Todorov, follows five stages: an initial state of equilibrium, disruption of that equilibrium, recognition of the disruption, an attempt to repair the disruption, and reinstatement of the equilibrium. Anti-narrative structure presents events out of chronological order and is used by directors like Christopher Nolan, Quentin Tarantino, and Steven Soderbergh to mimic memory, show interlinked subplots, or alter viewers' perspectives.
Genre conventions - Film Noir
The document discusses characteristics of film noir movies such as Double Indemnity, Gun Crazy, and The Big Sleep. It notes that these films typically have a disruption at the beginning that introduces the protagonist, an investigation of the disruption, and a meeting with a femme fatale. They share similar iconography like guns, cigarettes, and lighting techniques. Character archetypes include a male protagonist, a helpless female love interest, and a cunning femme fatale. Settings are usually in cities and include offices and homes.
Short story elements
The document discusses the six major elements of short stories: setting, conflict, point of view, plot, character, and theme. It provides details on each element, including the types and kinds of conflict, points of view, and examples of common themes in literature.
Narrative theory
The document summarizes several narrative theories and how they relate to a music video project. It discusses Todorov's five stages of narrative structure, Propp's character archetypes, Levi-Strauss' concept of binary opposites driving conflict, and Barthes' five narrative codes including enigma, action, semantic, symbolic, and referential codes. Examples are given of how elements from the theories can be seen in the music video, such as the disruption/resolution structure, limited character types, and tensions created through racial binary opposites.
Conventions of thrillers
Thrillers are a broad genre that can include subgenres like spy, political, and military thrillers. Common conventions include mysterious lighting and music to build suspense, as well as run-down settings to convey a dark tone. Thrillers aim to keep audiences engaged through fast pacing, action, obstacles for heroes to overcome, and devices like plot twists. Examples provided include spy films like James Bond, political thrillers like Argo, and horror thrillers like The Silence of the Lambs.
Strong Endings
The document discusses the importance of strong endings in stories. It states that a good ending must tell the reader the story is over, nail the central theme to the reader's mind, and resonate or make the reader think. A really good ending can also surprise the reader, present a twist, or do something unexpected. When writing the ending, the author should have it in mind from the start and use it as an opportunity to influence the reader. Common weak endings to avoid are ones that simply state the character went home or woke up to find it was a dream. Strong ending techniques include using a memory, feeling, decision, wish or defining moment that results from the main event of the story. The ending is important because it
Endings Matter
The document discusses the importance of endings in writing. It recommends ending with a question that involves the reader, a meaningful personal comment, or a response to what was written. The document emphasizes that endings matter and to craft them in a way that leaves readers thinking rather than bored. It encourages writers to go and create great endings to their stories.
Grade 7 la powerpoint
This document discusses various writing techniques such as narrative hooks, foreshadowing, flashbacks, suspense, and surprise endings. It provides examples of each technique from different stories and movies. The document also discusses how sound and imagery work together in media texts to create effects and engage the audience. Students will learn to identify these techniques, explain how they contribute to plot development, and analyze how sound and images create impact. Activities are included to have students practice identifying the techniques.
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The document provides an overview of key forms and conventions of the thriller genre. It discusses prototypical characters such as a brave male protagonist and mysterious antagonist. It also outlines common iconography in thrillers like guns, cars, and detectives. Additionally, it notes thriller conventions for lighting/color, sound, locations, fonts, and common themes around crime, corruption, and humanity's darker sides.
Genre research
The document provides an overview of key forms and conventions of the thriller genre. It discusses prototypical characters such as a brave male protagonist and mysterious antagonist. It also outlines common iconography in thrillers like guns, cars, and detectives. Additionally, it notes stylistic elements thrillers typically employ, including low key lighting, tense music, ominous fonts and locations that enhance the sense of mystery or danger. The document serves as a guide for researching and understanding the defining aspects of the thriller genre.
Elements of fiction
The document discusses Aristotle's concept of plot structure for short stories. It outlines his view that short stories should follow a specific pattern, including an exposition, inciting incident, rising action, climax, and denouement. This pattern aims to create a unified story with no extraneous elements. The document also briefly touches on other elements of short stories like character, conflict, theme, and their relationship to Aristotle's principles of plot structure.
A little bit of narrative theory
This document discusses several concepts related to analyzing narratives:
1. It describes five common narrative codes - action, enigma, semic, symbolic, and cultural codes - that convey meaning to audiences.
2. It outlines characteristics of closed and open narratives, noting elements like resolution, character development, and timelines.
3. It discusses Vladimir Propp's analysis of character roles that commonly appear in folktales, such as villains, heroes, helpers, and rewards.
4. The concept of binary opposition is explained, in which narratives are driven by conflicts between opposing forces like good vs evil, order vs chaos. Analyzing these forces aids understanding of the narrative.
Homefront
The title sequence uses various camera shots and angles to depict a journey from isolated rural areas to a more populated society. It begins with high overhead shots of woodlands and fields before cutting to close-ups of characters, then moves between low-angle and eye-level shots within forests and villages. Interspersed are shots of potentially dangerous animals and isolated buildings to convey a sense of being watched and trapped before opening up to shots of streets, cars and people to indicate the return to civilization. The sound used is non-diegetic music to accompany this visual narrative without adhering strictly to thriller conventions.
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This PowerPoint is part of my A2 Media Studies coursework. It briefly explains narrative theory, before going on to talk about different narrative theorists, and how their theories are relevant to my work.
9 Frame Analysis for Final Destination 3
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Narrative theory
This document introduces several theorists of narrative structure, including Tzvetan Todorov, Vladimir Propp, Roland Barthes, and Claude Levi-Strauss. It summarizes some of their main contributions: Todorov proposed narratives follow a structure of equilibrium, disequilibrium, and new equilibrium. Propp identified 31 narrative functions that follow a sequential order. Barthes described codes like the hermeneutic code that establish narrative mysteries. And Levi-Strauss viewed narratives as based on binary oppositions that reveal deeper ideological meanings.
Theories
Torodov's narrative theory states that most stories follow a basic structure of equilibrium disrupted by an event, followed by attempts to repair the disruption and reinstate the equilibrium. He suggested stories have 5 stages: 1) initial equilibrium, 2) disruption, 3) recognition of disruption, 4) attempt to repair, 5) reinstatement of equilibrium. Propp identified 7 common character types in stories: villain, donor, helper, princess, false hero, dispatcher, and hero. Barthes described 5 codes that provide meaning in texts: hermeneutic code of mystery and enigma, proairetic code of action and tension, semantic code of connotation, symbolic code of deeper meaning from opposing ideas, and referential code
Last house on the left 9 frame
The document provides a frame-by-frame analysis of the opening title sequence of the horror film "Last House on the Left." The analysis notes that the old-fashioned title font suggests the story is set in the past. Various shots establish a dark, mysterious forest setting and introduce a criminal character trapped in the back of a police car being transported for punishment. Warning lights are seen flashing, foreshadowing that something bad will happen to endanger the characters. A point-of-view shot shows an oncoming car about to collide with the police car, suggesting the officers may die in the crash.
Narrative theories Barthe's and Cameron
This document discusses narrative theories proposed by Barthes and Cameron. It outlines Barthes' 5 code theory which describes different codes that provide meaning and advance narratives, such as the hermeneutic code involving clues and the proairetic code involving actions. It also discusses Cameron's modular narratives, describing techniques like anachronic narratives using flashbacks, forking paths showing alternative stories, and episodic narratives connecting separate stories through a theme.
The Plot
The document discusses different types of plot structures in literature. It defines plot and describes pyramidal, episodic, and epiphanic plots. The pyramidal plot follows a basic structure of exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution. It can be analyzed using Freytag's pyramid. Episodic plots feature distinct episodes that can stand alone, like novels by Cervantes and Twain. Epiphanic plots involve a protagonist gaining sudden insight during a struggle that leads to a climax or reversal. Plots can be told chronologically or through flashbacks and the "in medias res" technique of starting in the middle.
Narrative powerpoint
Narratives across different cultures generally follow common structural patterns involving disruption of equilibrium, action in response, and restoration of a new equilibrium, with theorists like Propp and Campbell identifying universal narrative archetypes like The Hero's Journey. Narrative theory examines how stories are constructed through elements like characters, events, themes, and the relationship between the story and its telling. Understanding narrative conventions and how they shape meaning is important for analyzing how media texts engage audiences.
Narrative theory
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Anti narrative and Conventional Narrative
The document discusses conventional narrative structure and anti-narrative structure. Conventional narrative structure, as outlined by Tzvetan Todorov, follows five stages: an initial state of equilibrium, disruption of that equilibrium, recognition of the disruption, an attempt to repair the disruption, and reinstatement of the equilibrium. Anti-narrative structure presents events out of chronological order and is used by directors like Christopher Nolan, Quentin Tarantino, and Steven Soderbergh to mimic memory, show interlinked subplots, or alter viewers' perspectives.
Genre conventions - Film Noir
The document discusses characteristics of film noir movies such as Double Indemnity, Gun Crazy, and The Big Sleep. It notes that these films typically have a disruption at the beginning that introduces the protagonist, an investigation of the disruption, and a meeting with a femme fatale. They share similar iconography like guns, cigarettes, and lighting techniques. Character archetypes include a male protagonist, a helpless female love interest, and a cunning femme fatale. Settings are usually in cities and include offices and homes.
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The document discusses the six major elements of short stories: setting, conflict, point of view, plot, character, and theme. It provides details on each element, including the types and kinds of conflict, points of view, and examples of common themes in literature.
Narrative theory
The document summarizes several narrative theories and how they relate to a music video project. It discusses Todorov's five stages of narrative structure, Propp's character archetypes, Levi-Strauss' concept of binary opposites driving conflict, and Barthes' five narrative codes including enigma, action, semantic, symbolic, and referential codes. Examples are given of how elements from the theories can be seen in the music video, such as the disruption/resolution structure, limited character types, and tensions created through racial binary opposites.
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Thrillers are a broad genre that can include subgenres like spy, political, and military thrillers. Common conventions include mysterious lighting and music to build suspense, as well as run-down settings to convey a dark tone. Thrillers aim to keep audiences engaged through fast pacing, action, obstacles for heroes to overcome, and devices like plot twists. Examples provided include spy films like James Bond, political thrillers like Argo, and horror thrillers like The Silence of the Lambs.
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The document discusses the importance of strong endings in stories. It states that a good ending must tell the reader the story is over, nail the central theme to the reader's mind, and resonate or make the reader think. A really good ending can also surprise the reader, present a twist, or do something unexpected. When writing the ending, the author should have it in mind from the start and use it as an opportunity to influence the reader. Common weak endings to avoid are ones that simply state the character went home or woke up to find it was a dream. Strong ending techniques include using a memory, feeling, decision, wish or defining moment that results from the main event of the story. The ending is important because it
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This document discusses various writing techniques such as narrative hooks, foreshadowing, flashbacks, suspense, and surprise endings. It provides examples of each technique from different stories and movies. The document also discusses how sound and imagery work together in media texts to create effects and engage the audience. Students will learn to identify these techniques, explain how they contribute to plot development, and analyze how sound and images create impact. Activities are included to have students practice identifying the techniques.
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Narrative explores how stories are told across different media like speech, writing, film, etc. Conventions are used to tell the story in a recognizable way for the intended audience. Several theorists developed theories about narrative structures. Tzvetan Todorov suggested stories begin with equilibrium, are disrupted by an event, then problems are solved restoring order. Roland Barthes identified 5 narrative codes that engage audiences: action, enigma, symbolic, semic, and cultural. Claude Levi-Strauss examined how stories unconsciously reflect a culture's values and myths. Vladmir Propp classified character roles like hero, villain, donor. Barthes' and Todorov's theories align well with conventions of the horror genre,
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This document discusses narrative structure in media. It explains that narrative organizes story elements like facts in a documentary to tell a meaningful story. There are different types of narrative structures, such as open-ended structures with no conclusion or closed structures that end satisfactorily. Popular structures include the enigma, where the audience solves a puzzle-like plot. Theories of narrative include identifying character types and stages of equilibrium, disruption and resolution. The short film discussed follows a closed structure and character types from Propp's theory, with an initial equilibrium disrupted by the father not appearing, leading to a new resolution.
Assignment 1 task 1 unit 10 a
This document provides an assignment checklist for a unit on narrative and genre in film. It includes tasks to produce an illustrated report discussing elements of narrative like structure, characters, themes and key terms. Students are asked to analyze examples of short films and film openings using the concepts studied. The document also defines important narrative and genre terms, and discusses theories of narrative structure from scholars like Syd Field, Todorov and Campbell. It outlines Nicholas Lacey's framework for analyzing genre and asks students to apply it in their genre analyses.
Narrative theory
This document discusses several narrative theories:
- Levi-Strauss proposed that binary oppositions (good vs evil, hero vs villain) define how audiences perceive characters.
- Todorov described a four-act story structure of equilibrium, disruption, recognition, and repair.
- Propp identified character roles like villain, donor, and hero that recur across narratives.
- Barthes identified codes like mystery, tension, and symbolism that make narratives engaging.
- Campbell described common archetypes like the quest and initiation that recur across stories.
- Lyotard criticized how "grand narratives" shape our understanding of stories in potentially flawed ways.
M1 PPT
The document discusses several theories of narrative including those proposed by Roland Barthes, Todorov, Propp, and Levi-Strauss. It then examines how each theory relates to the author's short film. According to the summary, Barthes identified the hermeneutic code, which refers to unexplained elements that create mystery, and the proairetic code, which builds tension around future events. Todorov's theory of equilibrium involves an initial steady state that is disrupted, followed by resolution. Propp identified common character archetypes. Levi-Strauss noted drama stems from tension between binary opposites that is resolved. The author analyzes how their short film incorporates elements of each theory.
Narrative media concept
The document discusses various narrative theories and structures that can be applied to films, books, and plays. It summarizes Todorov's narrative theory of equilibrium, disruption, recognition, repair, and new equilibrium. It also discusses Vladimir Propp's analysis of Russian folktales and his identification of 7 character roles and 31 narrative functions. The document then discusses how the filmmakers chose not to strictly follow these theories for their short film, instead using a nonlinear, open structure to reflect the main character's mental illness and leave the audience questioning.
Investigating narrative
This document discusses different aspects and definitions of narrative structure in film. It begins by defining narrative as "a chain of events in a cause-effect relationship occurring in time." It then examines various components of narrative including plot, story, time manipulation techniques like montage, points of view, and narrative devices. The document also analyzes common narrative structures like the three-act structure described by Syd Field involving a set up, confrontation, and resolution. It further discusses Tzvetan Todrov's five stages of narrative and different types of modular narratives identified by Allan Cameron.
Theories of narrative ppt
This document discusses several theories of narrative structure:
- Roland Barthes identified five codes that can be woven into narratives, including the hermeneutic code which refers to unexplained elements that create mystery.
- The proairetic code builds tension by indicating upcoming events, keeping audiences guessing.
- Todorov's theory of equilibrium describes a disruption to the status quo that creates confusion before a new equilibrium is reached.
- Propp identified character archetypes like heroes, villains, and prizes found in fairy tales.
- Levi-Strauss noted drama stems from tension between binary opposites that is resolved.
Theories of narrative ppt 2
This document discusses several theories of narrative structure:
- Roland Barthes identified five codes that can be woven into narratives, including the hermeneutic code which refers to unexplained elements that create mystery.
- The proairetic code builds tension by indicating upcoming events, keeping audiences guessing.
- Todorov's theory of equilibrium describes a disruption to the status quo that creates confusion before a new equilibrium is reached.
- Propp identified character archetypes like heroes, villains, and prizes found in fairy tales.
- Levi-Strauss noted drama stems from tension between binary opposites that is resolved.
Game Themes
This document discusses various literary and narrative theories that could be applied to a science fiction video game story. It describes Roland Barthes' five codes for creating mystery and tension in narratives. It also outlines Claude Levi-Strauss' structuralism theory and Tzvetan Todorov's five-step narrative pattern of equilibrium, disruption, realization, restored order, and new equilibrium. The document proposes applying these theories to the story of a "Time Assassin" character who is sent on assignments that create disequilibrium according to Todorov's model, before order is restored and the cycle repeats if a sequel is made. Barthes' codes could also be employed to add plot twists, mysteries, and tension to
Narrative theories
Levi-Strauss believed that narratives rely on binary opposites like hero/villain to help form plots. Todorov's theory proposes films follow five stages: equilibrium, disruption, recognition, attempt to repair, new equilibrium. Propp argued character functions structure folk tales, with roles like hero, villain, donor. Non-linear narratives can be cohesive like disruptive, non-sequential, or disjointed, or non-cohesive like ergodic, branching, or multi-linear.
narrative
This document discusses various narrative techniques and theories that can be used to analyze stories. It describes narrative as the construction of story and explains that narratives can be found in many different media forms, not just films and television. The document then outlines several narrative theories and techniques, including binary oppositions, Propp's character archetypes, enigma codes, action codes, Todorov's narrative theory, linear vs nonlinear structures, and multi-strand narrative structures. Examples are provided for how each technique could be applied when analyzing narratives.
Narrative
Narrative refers to storytelling and how elements are organized to create meaning. Narratives across media share characteristics like structure and how they are informed by characters, action, and location. Narrative structures can be closed with a conclusion or open-ended. Theorists like Todorov, Propp, Barthes, and Levi-Strauss analyzed narratives and identified common patterns. Todorov saw narratives as progressing through equilibrium, disruption, and new equilibrium states. Propp identified character types like villains and heroes. Levi-Strauss explored binary oppositions. Barthes identified codes like hermeneutic and symbolic that shape narratives.
Investigating narrative
This document discusses different aspects of narrative structure in film. It begins by defining narrative as "a chain of events in a cause-effect relationship occurring in time." The document then examines various elements that comprise narrative, including story, plot, time manipulation through montage, point of view, and narrative conventions. It explores theories from Syd Field about the three-act structure in screenplays, and from Tzvetan Todrov about a five-stage model of narrative disruption and restoration of equilibrium. Finally, it analyzes different types of modular narrative as identified by Allan Cameron, such as anachronic, forking paths, episodic, and split-screen narratives.
Investigating narrative
This document discusses different aspects of narrative structure in film. It begins by defining narrative as "a chain of events in a cause-effect relationship occurring in time." The document then examines various elements that comprise narrative, including story, plot, time manipulation through montage, point of view, and narration. It explores theories of narrative structure from Syd Field, who proposed the three-act system of setup, confrontation, and resolution, and Tzvetan Todrov, who described a five-stage model of equilibrium, disequilibrium, recognition, attempt to repair, and reinstatement of equilibrium. Finally, it categorizes different types of modular narrative as anachronic, forking paths, episodic, and split
Television show narrative types
The document discusses various narrative theory concepts like Todorov's 5 stages of narrative structure, Propp's 7 character archetypes, and Levi-Strauss' concept of binary oppositions. It also covers Barthes' idea of codes used in narratives and concludes by outlining an assignment to perform a semiotic analysis of a print advertisement.
Investigating narrative
Narrative is a chain of causally linked events that occurs over time, and it is found in many forms of entertainment like literature, film, and music. In film specifically, narrative relies on techniques like editing, cinematography, and sound to manipulate time and convey meaning. It is structured around key concepts like plot, character, and point of view. Common narrative structures in film include the three-act structure and Tzvetan Todorov's five stages of equilibrium, disequilibrium, new equilibrium. Modern films also employ modular narratives that manipulate time in nonlinear ways through techniques like flashbacks, parallel timelines, and split screens. Narrative is crucial for films because it allows audiences to understand and engage with story
Todorovs theory
This document discusses different theories of narrative and storytelling. It explains that narrative is an account of connected events, and is the basis of storytelling in many media forms. It outlines Vladimir Propp's analysis of character roles in stories, including the hero, villain, donor, and dispatcher. Tzvetan Todorov's narrative theory states that most stories follow a pattern of equilibrium, disruption, realization, and restored order. Finally, Roland Barthes proposed that narratives use codes like action, enigma, symbolism, and culture to engage the reader.
Narrative theory
The document summarizes several narrative theories:
1) Todorov's theory of the 5 stages of narrative: equilibrium, disequilibrium, resolution, restored order, and new equilibrium.
2) Strauss' theory that narratives are described through binary opposites like good/bad and light/dark.
3) Barthes' theory that narratives encourage audience anticipation and expectation of resolution through clues. He identified 5 codes involved in narratives.
4) Propp's theory that folktales can be analyzed using 7 character types, or "spheres of action," including hero, villain, dispatcher, and heroine.
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Post production is the final stage of filmmaking and involves editing the footage into a coherent narrative, adding visual effects, and preparing the film for public release. It involves cutting scenes, using montages to build tension, matching music and sounds to the on-screen action to elicit emotions from viewers, and including title cards and credits to reveal the film's name and key participants.
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Location Scouting - No Vacancy
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Media language Investigation
These three films are horror movies released in recent years. The Purge is about a night where all crime is legal, Insidious is a supernatural thriller about a haunted house, and The Woman in Black is also a supernatural thriller that is based on a novel and follows a lawyer who encounters a mysterious woman.
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The document discusses several theories related to how audiences engage with and interpret media as they relate to the horror genre of film. The Hypodermic Needle theory suggests audiences can immediately understand and potentially be influenced by messages in horror films. The two-step flow theory notes bad reviews can deter audiences from watching a horror film. And reception theory and uses and gratification theory discuss how audiences may perceive or use horror films differently than intended by producers.
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Narrative Investigation
- 2. Narrative is the media term for story telling. Narrative is the way the different elements in a story are organised to make a meaningful story. Some of these elements can be facts as in a documentary, or characters and action as in a drama. •A closed structure means the story ends satisfactorily as in most films – this is known as closure. • An open ending means there is no final conclusion to the story – a television soap has no final ending, it just has minor endings. • A multi-strand structure means there are several narratives running at the same time.
- 4. • Roland Barthes’ theory seems to follow the conventions of the horror genre with his 5 codes that relate the narrative in horror films. Action is key attraction in an unusual way, usually where the protagonist must complete the puzzle in order to save people and solve everything to allow the film to conclude. • Todorov’s theory of opposing characters also relates back to the horror genre. The protagonist will usually see a problem that related back to a killer or supernatural character. Although unconventional to Todorov’s theory the state of equilibrium does not usually return as a plot twist leaves the situation open ended, either to scare the audience more with unanswered questions or to allowfor another film