Napoleon consolidated power in France by becoming the first consul and controlling the executive and legislative branches. He established the Napoleonic Code, Bank of France, and expanded public education. Napoleon crowned himself emperor and expanded French territory through military victories, though he eventually faced setbacks from British naval power and inspired nationalism in other countries. After multiple campaigns, the allies defeated Napoleon and restored the French monarchy under King Louis XVIII.

1. Napoleon

2. Napoleon as dictator
3 consuls - Napoleon named 1st consul
Executive Napoleon - Army/Navy, appointments/
dismissals, proposed laws
Legislative could only approve or disapprove
Constitution plebiscite - only yes or no vote

3. Accomplishments
• Napoleonic Code - organized French laws
• Bank of France - central financial institution
• Public Education - universities,high schools,
technical schools
• Concordat - ended conflict with the Catholic
church and allowed religious toleration

4. Enlarging the French
Empire
• crowned himself emperor
• blockaded the British Isles (Continental System)
• crushed Russian and Austrian forces
• forced Austrians and Prussians to sign peace
treaties
• ruled the Netherlands and Spain directly and
formed alliances with Denmark and Papal States

5. Setbacks
• lose to Vice Admiral Horatio Nelson
• British blockade of the French
• inspired nationalism in other countries
• lost the Peninsular War (Spain) to Great Britain led
by the Duke of Wellington

6. Russia Campaign
• Grand Army consisted of 600,000 soldiers from all
over the empire
• 1812 - long march to Russia
• Russia used scorched earth policy and led them
deeper into Russia
• October 1812 began the return home (lost army)

7. Restoring the
Monarchy
• Prussia, Austria, and Great Britain joined Russia to
defeat France
• lost at Leipzig
• allies captured Paris in 1814
• Napoleon gave up claims to throne retired to island
of Elba
• Returned the the Bourbon Monarchy - Louis XVIII

8. The Hundred Days
• March 1 1815 - Napoleon escaped Elba
• Prussia, Great Britain, and Netherlands sent armies
toward France
• June 18 1815 - British defeated Napoleon at
Waterloo by Duke of Wellington
• Napoleon gave up throne again - Bourbon
• sent to St. Helena - 1821 Napoleon dies