Nanotechnology applications are beginning to be used in textile finishing to provide high performance properties. Several companies have commercially available nano-finished textiles with benefits such as water and stain repellency, antimicrobial properties, temperature regulation, and self-cleaning. Further research and collaboration across disciplines will help realize more applications of nanotechnology in textile fibers, chemical processing, and other areas to drive the next industrial revolution and support the textile industry.

1. NANOTECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS IN HIGH PERFORMANCE TEXTILE FINISHING R.B.CHAVAN Department of Textile Technology Indian Institute of Technology Hauz-Khas, New Delhi 110016

4. Nano meter

8. Investments TOPNano21 Switzerland research institutes, industries and SMEs collaborate. ‘ Nanonet € 110 million Germany, ¥120 trillion in 2010 $750million Japan government laboratories, universities and private companies. National Nanotechnology Initiative $3.7 billion USA Partners Programme Investment Country

9. Investments nanotechnology mission. Confederation of Indian industries, Central manufacturing technology Institute, Banglore and Ministry of Commerce India Centre in microsystems and nanotechnology £290million UK Programme Investment Country

10. Nano finishing of textiles Active organizations Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon Hong Kong Ciba speciaity , Schoeller Textiles AG Switzerland Nishibo, Toray, Kanebo, Teijin Japan DuPont , Nanotex, Nycol USA Organization Country

11. Commercially available technologies Flame retardant Nycol Self cleansing Hong Kong Polytechnic Luminescence fibres Teijin Hydrophilic finishes Toray, Kanebo Easy care Nano Tex Thermal comfort,Fragrance Ciba speciaity Antimicrobial, Deodorant Nishibo Stain repellent Schoeller Textiles AG Stain repellent DuPont Technology Organization

17. Stain release during washing

19. Comparison of Fluoochemical and Silicone based finishes

22. Fixation mechanism

26. Lotus leaf structure Microstructure surface Natural wax 100 nm

28. Sliding drop Rolling drop

29. Water drop on lotus leaf Honey on Nanosphere finished fabric

36. Zeolite-cotton complex

41. Ag nanoparticle penetration in fibre

43. Nano Tex Durable press 100% cotton Nano Press Combination of synthetic and cotton features Nano-Touch Durable hydrophilic finishing of synthetics Nano-Dry Highly durable water-and-oil repellent finishing Nano-Pel Next generation carefree finishing Nano-Care Function Trade name

44. Nano Tex Finishes Durability of all Nano Tex finishes 50 home launderings Synthetic sports wear, under garments Hydrophilic finish PET, NY, Acrylic Nano Dry Interior furnishing, Bed linen, home clothing Water and oil repellent Cellulosic, wool, silk, PET, NY, Acrylic, blends Nano Pel All Cotton wear Wrinkle resistance, water and stain repellent Cellulosic Nano Care End use Functions Fibre suitability Finish

45. Nano Tex Finishes Wrapping on PET microfibres to produce highly twisted Georgette, Crepe de chine, Chiffon Silk substitute. Wrapping on acrylic to produce light weight hydrophilic sweater Cellulose wrapping on synthetics Synthetics Nano Touch End use Functions Fibre suitability Finish

46. Nano Tex Finishes Cotton trousers and shirts Durable press without loss in strength 100% cotton Nano Press End use Functions Fibre suitability Finish

47. Commercialization 74 patents Lincensed to 40 Textile mills world wide 25 License agreements leading apparel and interior furnishings brands, Includes Levi, Gap, Old Navy, Lee, Nike, Champion, Marks & Spencer and Simmons. Nano-Tex finished products are sold throughout North America and in select locations in the United Kingdom Several South East Asian mills have joined in mass production of thick Nano-Care cotton fabrics.

48. Commercialization Several cotton and synthetic manufacturers in China, South Korea and Taiwan have recently joined and started commercial production of Nano-Dry and Nano-Pel. Nano-Touch and Nano-Care International textile management consulting (ITMC) agency in Japan has recently started promotion of nanotex finished fabrics on an exclusive basis India Arvind mills and Ashima have recently acquired license for nanotex technology

49. Brand name strategy affixation of a Nano-Tex tag on every piece of fabric and garment produced through licensed technologies to promote recognition of their particular advantages among consumers. This is similar to the leading semiconductor manufacturer Intel Corporation, US, with the sticker 'Intel inside' on every computer containing its chips for worldwide brand recognition. At present, operations are facilitated with no direct royalty payments, which are included in the price of finishing agents instead.

52. Temperature regulation to textiles Ciba Specialty Chemicals is introducing Ciba® ENCAPSULENCE® PC140 (Phase change material Ciba® ENCAPSULENCE® PC140 represents a radical shift from traditional trapped-air insulation The new textile treatment offers a high degree of temperature regulation, resulting in a very consistent level of thermal comfort these capsules work interactively with the wearer's body.

63. A Nanosize particles Normal 0.03 micron size particles