The design, characterization, and application of structures, devices, and systems by controlled manipulation of size and shape of materials at the nanometer scale (atomic, molecular, and macromolecular scale
He linear electron resonator is constructed on a Ag (111) surface at 6 K substrate temperature. The silver cluster at the middle (at the initial part of the movie) is produced by gently crashing the STM-tip into the substrate. The cluster is then broken into smaller clusters using the STM-tip. The individual silver atoms are extracted from the cluster on an atom-by-atom basis.
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The design, characterization, and application of structures, devices, and systems by controlled manipulation of size and shape of materials at the nanometer scale (atomic, molecular, and macromolecular scale
He linear electron resonator is constructed on a Ag (111) surface at 6 K substrate temperature. The silver cluster at the middle (at the initial part of the movie) is produced by gently crashing the STM-tip into the substrate. The cluster is then broken into smaller clusters using the STM-tip. The individual silver atoms are extracted from the cluster on an atom-by-atom basis.
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Nanotechnologyinnovation opportunities for tomorrow’s de.docxrosemarybdodson23141
Nanotechnology
innovation opportunities for tomorrow’s defence
Hope and hype of nanotechnology
“Nanotechnology is an area which has highly promising prospects
for turning fundamental research into successful innovations. Not
only to boost the competitiveness of our industry but also to create
new products that will make positive changes in the lives of our
citizens, be it in medicine, environment, electronics or any other field.
Nanosciences and nanotechnologies open up new avenues of research
and lead to new, useful, and sometimes unexpected applications.
Novel materials and new-engineered surfaces allow making products
that perform better. New medical treatments are emerging for fatal
diseases, such as brain tumours and Alzheimer’s disease. Computers
are built with nanoscale components and improving their performance
depends upon shrinking these dimensions yet further”.
This quote from the EC’s “Nanosciences and Nanotechnologies: an
action plan for Europe 2005-2009” clearly indicates the hope and
hype of nanotechnology, expecting to bring many innovations and
new business in many areas. Nanotechnology has the potential to
have impact on virtually all technological sectors as an “enabling”
or “key” technology including medicine, health, information tech no-
logy, energy, materials, food, water and the environment, instruments
and security. This has lead to a rapid growth of interest and spending
in nanotechnology R&D, growing with 20-40% annually over the
last 6 years up to roughly 10 billion Euro (public and private) in 2008.
Impact of nanotechnology on defence
With the highly promising expectations of nanotechnology for
new innovative products, materials and power sources it is evident
that nanotechnology can bring many innovations into the defence
world. In order to assess how these nanotechnology developments
can or will have impact on future military operations, the NL Defence
R&D Organisation has requested to compile a nanotechnology road-
map for military applications, including:
n survey of current nano- and microsystem technology develop-
ments in both the civil and defence markets.
n clarification of the impact on future military operations and
organisation, 10-15 years from now.
n guidance on how to translate and adapt such nano- and micro-
system technologies into a military context.
This book
This nanotechnology book provides an overview of current develop-
ments, expectations for time-to-market and several future concepts
for military applications. The structure is as follows:
n Introduction to nanotechnology
- what is nanotechnology, global R&D landscape, key technologies,
overall prospects for defence (technology radars)
- expected impact on future defence platforms
n Possible impact on future defence
Sceneries with future concepts, outlook on possible future defence
.
Advanced Materials International Forum, Bari 18-19 settembre, conferenza internazionale dedicata ai materiali avanzati e alle loro possibili applicazioni nei settori industriali, con un focus particolare sui trasporti (aerospazio, automotive, navale e cantieristico).
just download and play slideshow.good animated video and gif animation is used and this slideshow contain data about nano technology and its application which you can easily understand.this is only for the education purpose which you can use for creating your ppt on nano technology.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Nanotechnologyinnovation opportunities for tomorrow’s de.docxrosemarybdodson23141
Nanotechnology
innovation opportunities for tomorrow’s defence
Hope and hype of nanotechnology
“Nanotechnology is an area which has highly promising prospects
for turning fundamental research into successful innovations. Not
only to boost the competitiveness of our industry but also to create
new products that will make positive changes in the lives of our
citizens, be it in medicine, environment, electronics or any other field.
Nanosciences and nanotechnologies open up new avenues of research
and lead to new, useful, and sometimes unexpected applications.
Novel materials and new-engineered surfaces allow making products
that perform better. New medical treatments are emerging for fatal
diseases, such as brain tumours and Alzheimer’s disease. Computers
are built with nanoscale components and improving their performance
depends upon shrinking these dimensions yet further”.
This quote from the EC’s “Nanosciences and Nanotechnologies: an
action plan for Europe 2005-2009” clearly indicates the hope and
hype of nanotechnology, expecting to bring many innovations and
new business in many areas. Nanotechnology has the potential to
have impact on virtually all technological sectors as an “enabling”
or “key” technology including medicine, health, information tech no-
logy, energy, materials, food, water and the environment, instruments
and security. This has lead to a rapid growth of interest and spending
in nanotechnology R&D, growing with 20-40% annually over the
last 6 years up to roughly 10 billion Euro (public and private) in 2008.
Impact of nanotechnology on defence
With the highly promising expectations of nanotechnology for
new innovative products, materials and power sources it is evident
that nanotechnology can bring many innovations into the defence
world. In order to assess how these nanotechnology developments
can or will have impact on future military operations, the NL Defence
R&D Organisation has requested to compile a nanotechnology road-
map for military applications, including:
n survey of current nano- and microsystem technology develop-
ments in both the civil and defence markets.
n clarification of the impact on future military operations and
organisation, 10-15 years from now.
n guidance on how to translate and adapt such nano- and micro-
system technologies into a military context.
This book
This nanotechnology book provides an overview of current develop-
ments, expectations for time-to-market and several future concepts
for military applications. The structure is as follows:
n Introduction to nanotechnology
- what is nanotechnology, global R&D landscape, key technologies,
overall prospects for defence (technology radars)
- expected impact on future defence platforms
n Possible impact on future defence
Sceneries with future concepts, outlook on possible future defence
.
Advanced Materials International Forum, Bari 18-19 settembre, conferenza internazionale dedicata ai materiali avanzati e alle loro possibili applicazioni nei settori industriali, con un focus particolare sui trasporti (aerospazio, automotive, navale e cantieristico).
just download and play slideshow.good animated video and gif animation is used and this slideshow contain data about nano technology and its application which you can easily understand.this is only for the education purpose which you can use for creating your ppt on nano technology.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
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Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
5. The challenges of nanotechnology
Spectacular promises, benefits for all
...but at what price?
these questions arising in a world in which consumers are
increasingly intolerant to risk
6. D R M A R I O N P A L M E R
S E N I O R S C I E N T I S T
L O V E L L S S C I E N C E U N I T
Nanotechnology
7. Definition
Most widely used definition:
Nanoscience is the study of phenomena and manipulation of
materials at atomic, molecular and macromolecular scales,
where properties differ significantly from those at a larger
scale.
Nanotechnologies are the design, characterisation,
production and application of structures, devices and systems
by controlling shape and size at nanometre scale.
8. Millimetre scale (1 m = 1000 mm)
ant and flea
5 mm
3mm
1mm
http://www.nation
alinsectweek.co.u
k/resources/buzz
_ant_06.pdf
www.nanotec.org.uk/report/chapter2.pdf
http://commons.wiki
media.org/wiki/File:D
rosophila_melanoga
ster_-
_front_(aka).jpg
9. Micrometre scale (1 mm = 1000 µm)
eye of a fruit fly and a red blood cell
400 µm
8 µm
http://www.molbio1.princeton.edu/facility/confocal/sem/imagelist1.html
www.mta.ca/dmf/blood.htm
16. Volume to surface area ratio
As objects get smaller
they have a much
greater surface area
to volume ratio
2 cm cube has
a surface area
of 24 cm2 and a
volume of 8 cm3
(ratio = 3:1)
10 cm cube has a
surface area of 600
cm2 and a volume of
1000 cm3 (ratio =
0.6:1)
17. Physical properties
At very small sizes physical properties (magnetic,
electric and optical) of materials can change
dramatically.
http://www.omicron.de/index2.html?/re
sults/spin_polarized_tunneling_induce
d_luminescence_microcopy_sp_tilm/in
dex.html~Omicron
23. Why is there so much interest/concern about
nanotechnology?
Enormous potential
Huge gaps in knowledge concerning the possible
risks
Difficulty in detecting and removing
Absence of regulation
24. Potentials risks associated with nanotechnology
Adverse health effects in humans from deliberate or
accidental exposure
Adverse effects on the environment from deliberate or
accidental exposure
Potentially explosive properties of nanostructures
“Grey goo”
25. Risk assessment problems
Very difficult to detect without sophisticated equipment
Difficult to predict how particles will behave in the environment
(dispersed/clumped)
Small size may result in particles passing into the body more easily
(inhalation, ingestion, absorption)
May be more reactive due to surface area to volume ratio
Potential to adsorb toxic chemicals
Persistence - Longevity of particles in the environment and body are
unknown
26. Toxicological difficulties
All structures are likely to have a unique toxicological
profile
Standardised terminology agreed recently
Particle size may be less important than the surface
characteristics of the material
Standard dose-response tests may not be appropriate
28. Carbon Nanotubes
Commercially produced by companies such as
Thomas Swan
Desirable product
http://www.tennis.com/yo
urgame/gear/racquets/babo
lat/babolat.aspx?id=56932
29. Potential applications of carbon nanotubes
Materials & Chemistry
- Ceramic and metallic CNT composites
- Polymer CNT composites (heat
conducting polymers)
- Coatings (e.g. conductive surfaces)
- Membranes and catalysis
- Tips of Scanning Probe Microscopes
(SPM)
Medicine & Life Science
- Medical diagnosis (e.g. Lab on a Chip
(LOC))
- Medical applications (e.g. drug delivery)
- Chemical sensors
- Filters for water and food treatment
Electronics & ICT
- Lighting elements, CNT based field
emission displays
- Microelectronic: Single electron
transistor
- Molecular computing and data storage
- Ultra-sensitive electromechanical sensors
- Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems
(MEMS)
Energy
- Hydrogen storage, energy storage (super
capacitors)
- Solar cells
- Fuel cells
- Superconductive materials
30. Carbon nanotubes
Have raised concerns due to a superficial likeness to
asbestos fibres and extreme durability
Potential exposures during manufacturing,
processing, product use and disposal
Have been researched more than most manufactured
nanostructures
31. CNT Research
Results have been variable dependent on dose, testing model, purity and type
of nanostructure
Research results to date:
Some coated CNTs appear to move freely throughout the body (mice) whereas others
are rapidly excreted
Installation experiments have shown inflammatory, fibrotic and immune changes
Inhalation experiments have shown small changes in the lung
Effects on the immune system
Effects on cell growth and death
Modification of tube coating by aquatic organisms
32. IOM HARN Report
Funded by Defra
Objective – "to undertake a scoping
study to review the existing literature
on industrial fibres and HARN to
determine whether high aspect ratio
nanoparticles (HARN) should raise the
same concerns as do asbestos fibres"
"This review has identified many
similarities between HARN and
asbestos with regard to their physico-
chemical properties and toxicological
effects and has concluded that there is
sufficient evidence to suggest that
HARN which have the same
characteristics (diameter, length and
biopersitence) as pathogenic fibres are
likely to have similar pathology.
This review has also highlighted the
lack of data in key areas of toxicology,
exposure and assessment."
33. Regulation
New generic nanotechnology regulations would be difficult to devise.
More likely that current regulations/legislation will be adapted to take
account of developments at the nanoscale.
Review by the European Commission* on the regulatory aspects of
nanotechnology : chemicals (REACH), worker protection (e.g. Directive
89/391/EEC), products (e.g. General Product Safety Directive),
environmental protection (e.g. Directive 2006/12/EC on waste)
"Current legislation covers in principle the potential health, safety and
environmental risks in relation to nanomaterials ...."
*Regulatory Aspects of Nanomaterials – Communication from the European Commission 2008
34. REACH
Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council
on the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals
"REACH is based on the principle that manufacturers, importers and
downstream users have to ensure that they manufacture, place on the market
or use such substances that do not adversely affect human health or the
environment."
Places an obligation on importers/manufacturers to produce a registration
dossier for any substance that is imported/manufactured in a quantity greater
than 1 tonne (>10 tonnes – chemical safety report)
Commission report states "There are no provisions in REACH referring
explicitly to nanomaterials. However, nanomaterials are covered by the
“substance” definition in REACH."
35. REACH and nanomaterials
Registration document will need to be updated if a
nanoversion of a material is introduced
however novel nanomaterials may not reach the weight threshold for
notification
Current testing guidelines may need to be modified – in the
interim testing should be carried out according to existing
guidelines
Substances of high concern require special authorisation
effects of most nanomaterials are unknown
36. October 2008
Amendment (Commission Regulation (EC) No 987/2008)
concerning the removal of carbon and graphite from lists of
exempt materials:
"The review carried out by the Commission pursuant to
Article 138(4) has revealed that three substances listed in
Annex IV should be removed from that Annex, as
insufficient information is known about these substances
for them to be considered as causing minimum risk
because of their intrinsic properties ... This is also the case
with carbon and graphite, in particular due to the fact that
the concerned Einecs and/or CAS numbers are used to
identify forms of carbon or graphite at the nano-scale,
which do not meet the criteria for inclusion in this Annex."
37. Nanotechnology and product liability
1. New technology and the concept of "defect"
2. Development risks
what is "discoverable"?
emerging knowledge and the benefit of hindsight
38. Nanotechnology and product liability
Regulatory intervention and regulatory compliance
Implications of REACH-style regulation
Relative responsibilities
• innovators
• other suppliers
• regulators
Duties to research/test/investigate/inquire