This document provides an overview of nanotechnology. It defines nanotechnology as engineering at the nanoscale level, or the ability to manipulate individual atoms and molecules. The document outlines two main approaches to nanotechnology - top-down, which builds down from larger to smaller structures, and bottom-up, which builds up from individual atoms. It also discusses some potential applications of nanotechnology such as strong fibers, atomic plants to handle radioactive materials, electronics like transistors and diodes, and space applications using small, lightweight machines. Overall, the document serves as an introduction to nanotechnology, its approaches, potential applications, and ability to manipulate matter at the atomic scale.

1. Seminar On
NANO TECHNOLOGY
Submitted by-
Gyan Jyoti Gogoi

2. CONTENTS
 Introduction
 What is nanotechnology?
 Approaches
 Steps to produce nanomaterials
 Applications
 Advantages
 Conclusion

3. Introduction
 It’s the development and practical
applications on a nanometric scale
 Engineering of tiny machines
 Greek prefix “Nano” means a billionth
 100 nanometers is the limit to
observe new
 properties of matter

4. What Is Nanotechnology?
 Nanotechnology is the engineering of tiny
machines—the projected ability to make things from
the bottom up, using techniques and tools being
developed today to place every atom and molecule
in a desired place. Shortly after this envisioned
molecular machinery is created, it will result in a
manufacturing revolution, probably causing severe
disruption. It also has serious economic, social,
environmental, and military implications.

5.  The principles of physics do not limit
our ability to manipulate things atom
by atom. It is not an attempt to
violate any laws; it is something, in
principle, that can be done; but in
practice, it has not been done
because we are too big.
--Richard
Feynman

6. Approaches
 In building any nanomaterials; the
available approaches i.e. methods are
 Top-down:-
 The structure varies gradually from large
(top) to small(small)
 By Feynman in 1959
 The problem: repairs which arise in
miniature structures at bottom can’t be
repaired by large ones at top

7. Bottom-up
 Structure varies gradually from bottom
(small) to top(large)
 Considered the one and only “true”
nanotechnology
 Limits of miniaturization are resolved
 Highly useful in electronics

8. Steps to produce
NANOMATERIALS:
Three primary steps to produce
nanomaterials
 Ability to manipulate individual
atoms
 Development of nanoscopic
machines(assemblers)
 Replicators are to be programmed

10. APPLICATIONS:
Strong fibers:
 Basic item to produce is strong fibre
 Later on replications can be made of diamonds, water
and even food
 Famines can be then successfully eradicated
Atomic plants:
 Hands” for handling radioactive substances
 Various functions inside the inner parts of
reactors

11. Electronics:
–Nano Transistors
–Nano Diodes
–OLED (Organic Light
Emitting Diode)

16. Space working
 Machines with very low mass, volume and
power consumption
 Reconfigurable, autonomous and
“thinking” spacecrafts
 Ultra new and ultra small constructions
and probes

17. 