Dr Manson Nwafor Economist IITA-ReSAKSS, ECOWAS commission, Abuja. 15th February, 2018

1. The CAADP, ECOWAP, APP, NAIP and
Poverty and Hunger reduction in
Nigeria
Dr Manson Nwafor
Economist
IITA-ReSAKSS, ECOWAS commission, Abuja.
15th February, 2018

2. Definition of Terms
Term Overview
Comprehensive Africa Agriculture
Development Program (CAADP)
A long term policy/strategic framework of the
African Union to reverse the negative trends
of food and nutrition security in Africa.
ECOWAS Agriculture Policy (ECOWAP) A long term agriculture policy of the ECOWAS
region based on the CAADP
Agriculture promotion policy (APP) The current agriculture policy of Nigeria
National Agriculture Investment Plan
(NAIP)
The 4 year detailed investment plan for the
Agriculture sector (a medium term sector
strategy)

3. Context for Nigeria’s Agriculture Policy

4. Key Terms in Agriculture Sector
Planning
Geo-political
level
Policy/Framework Investment Plans Annual Budget Institution
responsible
Global level MDGs – SDGs
15 yrs
FAO/WFP/IFAD plans
4 – 6 yrs
Annual
expenditure plan
United nations
Continental
level
CAADP
15yrs
AU Agriculture
department plans
Annual
expenditure plan
African Union
(NEPAD)
Regional
(ECOWAS)
level
ECOWAP
15yrs
Regional Agriculture
Investment Plan (RAIP)
4 – 6 yrs
Annual
expenditure plan
ECOWAS
National level Agriculture
Promotion Policy
Indefinite
National Agriculture
Investment Plan (NAIP)
4 – 6 years
Annual
expenditure plan
Nigeria
Sub-national
level
Kebbi Agriculture
Policy
Indefinite
Kebbi State Agriculture
Investment Plan
4 – 6 years
Annual
expenditure plan
Kebbi State
government

5. CAADP as a strategic framework
• AU program: owned by African countries since 2003
• Objectives and targets set by HSG
• Agriculture-led growth to reach SDGs and the MALABO
• Target goal of 6% growth rate
• Increased public investment (10% budget share)
• CAADP Results Framework to guide investment
• Policy efficiency, peer review, accountability
• Inclusiveness: farmers, agribusiness, civil society
• Building on country systems, adding value
MAIN FEATURES & PRINCIPLES

6. The Need for a New Approach to
Agriculture in Africa
• The number of people below minimum level of dietary
energy consumption in Sub-Saharan Africa increased
from 171 million in 1990 – 1992 to 209 million in 2000
– 2002
• Increased reliance on imports for food supply. Cereals
imports dependence in SSA, for e.g., increased from
about 26% in 1988 – 1990 to about 31% in 2000 – 2002
• The percentage of Africans living below $1.25 dollars
per day increased from 56.5% to 57.9% between 1990
and 1999

7. The Need for a New Approach to
Agriculture in Nigeria

8. Launching of CAADP

9. Results Since CAADP’s Launch
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption
1990-1992 2000-2002 2008-2010 2011-2013
Developing
regions 23.6 19 16 14.3
Northern Africa <5 <5 <5 <5
Sub-Saharan
Africa 32.7 30.6 26.6 24.8
Number in SSA 170,547,066 208,739,517 224,015,882 226,277,807
Page 9

10. Value Addition of the CAADP Process: shared
operational framework - shared analysis
Page 10
Projected
BAU growth
rates
Growth needed
in Investment
Plan
Required annual budget
increase to achieve 6%
Growth Rate
Best poverty
reduction sources
Benin 4.7 13.2 7.9 Food crops
Burkina Faso 5.8 6.5 4.9 Cattle and Millet/Sorghum
Cape Verde 2.6 6.9 11.2 Food crops
Cote d’Ivoire 4.7 6.7 12.3
Gambia 3.9 8.0 41.4 Cereals and livestock
Ghana 4.3 4.8 19.6 Food crops and fishery
Guinea 3.0 7.5 21.7 Rice
Guinea Bissau 4.0 8.6 19.8
Liberia 5.3 7.7 27.0 Food crops
Mali 5.2 8.9 8.2 Food crops
Niger 4.4 7.7 11.1 Livestock
Nigeria 5.7 10.0 5.3 Cereals
Senegal 4.1 6.8 7.6 Food crops and livestock
Sierra Leone 4.4 7.1 Cassava and rice
Togo 5.0 7.1 35.4 Food crops

11. Results Since CAADP’s Launch
• The pre-CAADP decline in percentage of undernourished people
continued with a negligible increase in the rate of decline
• In the 2003 – 2010 period, the share of agriculture in total expenditure
averaged 4% compared to 3% in the 1995 – 2003 period
• The sector’s growth rate averaged 4.7% in the 2003 – 2013 period
compared to 3.5% in the 1990 – 2002 period.
• Continued but slower increase in cereals import dependency from 31.4%
in 2002 to 31.7% in 2011
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12. • CAADP has encouraged and facilitated evidence based planning, review and a
sense of mutual accountability for actions and results
• Credible mechanisms to facilitate effective partnerships have been put in place
as a result of CAADP (CAADP roundtable process, GAFSP funding, New
Alliance, Grow Africa, CAADP partnership platform, Joint sector review
process, common M&E framework etc)
• UK IDS: "CAADP does not tackle many new issues, but provides the first
comprehensive effort to address them as an integrated process. This
framework, with common objectives and targets, should enable lessons to be
shared and successes to be scaled up more effectively than before”.
Page 12
Results Since CAADP’s Launch

13. MALABO Declaration

14. AU 2014 MALABO DECLARATION (THE 7
COMMITMENTS)
 Commitment to CAADP principles
Enhancing Investment Finance in Agriculture
 Ending Hunger in Africa by 2025
 Halving Poverty, by the year 2025, through
Inclusive Agricultural Growth and Transformation
 Boosting Intra-African Agricultural Trade
 Enhancing Resilience of Livelihoods and
Production Systems to Climate Variability and
other related risks
Mutual Accountability to Actions and Results
Page 14
SOME TARGETS TO BE ACHIEVED BY 2025
 At least 10% public expenditure on agriculture
 At least 6% agriculture sector growth
 Ending hunger in Africa
 Doubling agricultural productivity
 Halving post-harvest losses
 Reducing stunting and underweight incidence to
10% and 5% respectively
 Using agriculture to account for 50% of the
reduction in poverty
 Halving poverty
 Tripling inter-African agricultural trade
 Creating agricultural jobs for at least 30% of the
youth
Refining the Agenda for Agriculture in Africa : Priority Areas and
Targets for Media to Monitor for 2015 – 2025

15. Goal Level Objectives of the ECOWAP
• Source: ECOWAS (2005) ECOWAS HSG Decision Adopting the
ECOWAP – January 19th, 2005

16. ECOWAP Results Framework 2015 - 2025
2.4 Improved
management of
risks in the
agriculture sector
2.5 Improved
management of
natural resources
for sustainable
agriculture
2.3.Expanded local
agro-industry and
value chain
development
inclusive of women
and youth
2.2 Increased intra-
African
regional trade and
better functioning of
national &
regional markets
2.1 Increased
agriculture
production and
productivity
3.6 Increased
capacity to
generate,
analyze
and use data,
information,
knowledge and
innovations
3.5 Increased
public and
private
investments in
agriculture
3.4 Improved
multi-
stakeholder
alignment and
partnerships
around
adopted
agriculture
policies and
programs
3.3
Strengthened
capacity for
evidence
based
planning,
implementatio
n &
review
3.2 Improved
Effectiveness
and
Accountability
of
Institutions
including
improved M&E
of
policies and
commitments
3.1 Improved
Effectiveness
and
Inclusiveness
in policy
design and
implementatio
n
processes
Level 3: Strengthening systemic capacity to deliver results
1.2 Improved and more
sustainable Food and
Nutrition security and resilience
1.1 Increased economic
opportunities and Reduced
Poverty levels
1.3 Reduced national and
regional inequality
Level 2: Agricultural Transformation and Sustained Inclusive Agricultural Growth
Level 1: Agriculture’s Contribution to Economic Growth and Inclusive Development in ECOWASImpacts to
which
agriculture
contributes
Changes in
ECOWAS
agriculture
resulting from
the
ECOWAP/CAAD
P
implementation
support
Added value
of
ECOWAP/CAA
DP Support to
institutional
transformatio
n and
systemic
capacities
Operational/
Action plan
Regional
policy
instruments
and
incentive
measures
Regional
Agriculture
Investment
Plan
National
Agriculture
Investment
Plans
Underlying orientation: Fulfilling the Malabo Declaration’s Commitments

17. Level 1: Agriculture’s Contribution to Economic Growth and
Inclusive Development in ECOWAS
– 1.1 Increased economic opportunities and
Reduced Poverty levels
– 1.2 Improved and more sustainable Food and
Nutrition security and resilience
– 1.3 Reduced national and regional inequality

18. Level 2: Agricultural Transformation and
Sustained Inclusive Agricultural Growth
– 2.1 Increased agriculture production and productivity
– 2.2 Increased intra-African regional trade and better
functioning of national & regional markets
– 2.3.Expanded local agro-industry and value chain
development inclusive of women and youth
– 2.4 Improved management of risks in the agriculture
sector
– 2.5 Improved management of natural resources for
sustainable agriculture

19. Level 3: Strengthening systemic
capacity to deliver results
– 3.1 Improved Effectiveness and Inclusiveness in policy design and
implementation processes
– 3.2 Improved Effectiveness and Accountability of Institutions including
improved M&E of policies and commitments
– 3.3 Strengthened capacity for evidence based planning, implementation
& Review
– 3.4 Improved multi-stakeholder alignment and partnerships around
adopted agriculture policies and programs
– 3.5 Increased public and private investments in agriculture
– 3.6 Increased capacity to generate, analyze and use data, information,
knowledge and innovations

20. Role of stakeholders in the ECOWAP Results Framework Under A Results
Based Management System
The Seven steps Role of Stakeholders
1. Formulating objectives 1. Participate in the formulation of objectives (ECOWAP
objectives and results framework)
2. Align their institutional and organizational objectives, plans,
programs and projects with those of the ECOWAP/CAADP
2. Identifying indicators 1. Participate in the identification of indicators
2. Align their institutional and organizational M&E indicators to
those of the ECOWAP/CAADP
3. Setting targets Participate in the setting of regional targets and align
organizational targets with those of the ECOWAP/CAADP
4. Monitoring results Provide periodic information and data (on the indicators) to the
ECOWAS M&E Unit and supporting technical agencies for the
monitoring of progress
5. Reviewing and
reporting results
Participate in the production, review and validation of M&E
reports
6. Integrating evaluation Participate in the production, review and validation of M&E
reports
7. Using performance
information
Participate in the reviewing of Plans, policies and programs based
on M&E information

21. Key ECOWAP/CAADP Instruments At
the National Level
• CAADP compact
• National Agriculture Investment Plan
• CAADP country team
• Review and dialogue processes
– Annual Joint Sector Reviews
– NESG Annual meetings
• Strategic Analysis and Knowledge Support
Systems – better use of evidence

22. JSR Steering Committee Members

23. Nigeria 2017 Joint Sector Review

24. Commitments Made By Nigeria
• CAADP (2003)
• ECOWAP/CAADP (2005)
• CAADP compact (2009)
• CAADP’s 7 MALABO commitments (2014)
• Hunger zero national plan – SDG (2017)

25. Key Commitments

26. Nigeria’s APP and the Malabo Commitments
Malabo Commitments
1. Commitment to the Principles and Values of
the CAADP Process
2. Enhancing Investment Finance in Agriculture
3. Ending Hunger in Africa by 2025
4. Halving Poverty, by the year 2025, through
Inclusive Agricultural Growth and
Transformation
5. Boosting Intra-African Agricultural Trade
6. Enhancing Resilience of Livelihoods and
Production Systems to Climate Variability and
other related risks
7. Mutual Accountability to Actions and Results
Page 26
Nigeria’s APP
Theme 1: Productivity enhancement
Access to Land and Land Management
Soil Fertility
Access to Information and Knowledge
Access to Inputs (Seeds/ Seedlings, Fertilizer,
Livestock/ Fish feeds etc.)
Production Management
Storage
Processing
Marketing & Trade
Theme 2: Crowding in Private Investment
Access to Finance
Agribusiness Development
Theme 3: FMARD’s Institutional Realignment
Institutional Setting and Roles (Federal vs. State
Government vs. Local Governments)
Youth and Women
Infrastructure
Climate Smart Agriculture
Research & Innovation
Food, Consumption and Nutrition Security

27. Why Is ECOWAP/CAADP Important for
Nigeria?
• Shared operational framework – economies of scale in
planning
• Addresses a present need – reduction of hunger
• Political capital for positive change
• Adoption of best practices
• Mutual learning
• Benchmarking
• Access to more in/external resources
• *** POOLED EFFORT TOWARDS Agriculture Planning,
implementation, review and dialogue, review of planning ***
Page 27

28. Where Is Africa Now: 1st MALABO Biennial Review Report

29. Where is Nigeria Now: The Nigeria BR report

30. Present Need for Articulate Policies and Effective
Implementation, Review and Dialogue Processes in Nigeria’s
Agric Sector (2016 status)

31. • Thank You for Your Attention