Nalanda
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Nalanda was an ancient center of higher learning located in Bihar, India. It was one of the first residential universities in the world. At its peak between the 7th-12th centuries CE, Nalanda attracted scholars and students from around Asia. The university had large libraries containing manuscripts on varied subjects. Its curriculum included Buddhism, Hinduism, philosophy and other secular subjects. However, Nalanda was destroyed in the 12th century by Turkish invaders. There are now plans to revive Nalanda as an international university through funding and collaboration between India and other Asian countries.
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Nalanda
- 2. Agenda • Etymology • History • History of the university and the Gupta heyday • Nalanda in the Pala era • Demolition and end • Overview • Libraries • Curriculum • Influence on Buddhism • Ruins • Plans for revival
- 3. Etymology • Insatiable in giving • Xuanzang • Shakyamuni Buddha • Sariputta (Nalaka Village)
- 4. History of the university and the Gupta heyday • Founder (By Xuanzang and Prajnavarman) • Period • Sukumar Dutt • Sixth to ninth century • Ninth to thirteen century
- 5. Nalanda in the Pala era • Five great Mahaviharas stood out • Vikramashila (The premier university of the era) • Nalanda (Past its prime but still illustrious) • Somapura • Odantapura • Jaggadala
- 6. Demolition and end • Bakhtiyar Khilji (1193) • Minhaj-i-Siraj - Persian historian (Tabaquat-I- Nasiri) • Lakshman Sen
- 7. Overview • Number of Students and Teachers • Infrastructure • Number Villages • Bow Mark • Visitor’s countries:- • Korea • Japan • China • Tibet • Indonesia • Persia • Turkey
- 8. Libraries • Dharma Gunj (Mountain of Truth) • Main Building » Ratnasagara (Sea of Jewels) » Ratnodadhi (Ocean of Jewels) » Ratnaranjaka (Delighter of Jewels)
- 9. Curriculum • According to Tibetan source (Alexander Berzin): - • Sarvastivada Vaibhasika • Sarvastivada Sautrantika • Madhyamaka – the Mahayana philosophy of Nagarjuna • Cittamatra – the Mahayana philosophy of Asanga and Vasubandhu • According to Dharma Fellowship (at the time of Manjusrimitra): - • Buddhist and Hindu • Sacred and Secular • Foreign and Native • Astronomy • Medicine • Metaphysics • Philosophy • Samkhya • Yaga-shastra • Veda • Scriptures of Buddhism • Foreign Philosophy • Sutras and sastras
- 10. Influence on Buddhism • Tibetan Buddhism (9th – 12th century) – Scholar Dharmakrita • Mahayana • Vajrayana • Mahayana Buddhism (followed in Vietnam, China, Korea and Japan) • Surangama Sutra (An important sutra in East Asian Buddhism) • Sky – Flower
- 11. Ruins • Area 150,000 square meters (Surya Mandir) • In 1951, a modern centre for Pali Buddhist studies was founded by Bhikshu Jagdish Kashyap, the Nava Nalanda Mahavihar. Presently, this institute is pursuing an ambitious program of satellite of the entire region. • Nalanda Museum • Geographical Perspective • Historical Perspective • Hall of Nalanda • Revival of Nalanda
- 12. Plans for revival • New York Times ($1B)(On 9 December 2006) • A consortium led by Sigapore and including China, India, Japan and other nations ($500m and $500m). • On 28 May 2007, Merinews (Enrollment 1,137 in 1st year, and 4,530 by the 5th. In the 'second phase', enrollment will reach 5,812.) • On 12 June 2007, News Post India reported that the Japanese diplomat Noro Motoyasu said that "Japan will fund the setting up an international university in Nalanda in Bihar".
- 13. • On 15 August 2007, Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam has accepted to join the revived NIU sometime in September 2007. (The Times of India) • Amartya Sen: - Foundation would likely be in the year 2009. (NDTV on 5 May 2008) • East Asian countries decided that Nalanda would largely be a post – graduate research university. (On 11 May 2008, The Times of India) • Parliament in New Delhi passed a bill approving plans to rebuild the campus as a symbol of india’s global ambitions. (On 13 September 2010, the Jakarta Globe)
- 15. Thank you