Immunization for INDIAN Adolescents Dr. Jyoti Agarwal Dr. Sharda Jain Dr. J...Lifecare Centre
Vaccinations are among the greatest public health achievements of the 20th century
First recorded in 1890-95
Imminization is the action of making a person immune to infection, typically by inoculation
Immunization prevents disability & death from infectious diseases
It also helps control the spread of infections within communities
In this ppt, I have discussed some special cases when a mother may be unsure if and how to breast feed her infant. In these special conditions, what should a doctor advise
Consolidated guidelines on
the Use of Antiretroviral
Drugs for Treating and
Preventing HIV Infection
Summary of key features and recommendations
JUNE 2013
Immunization for INDIAN Adolescents Dr. Jyoti Agarwal Dr. Sharda Jain Dr. J...Lifecare Centre
Vaccinations are among the greatest public health achievements of the 20th century
First recorded in 1890-95
Imminization is the action of making a person immune to infection, typically by inoculation
Immunization prevents disability & death from infectious diseases
It also helps control the spread of infections within communities
In this ppt, I have discussed some special cases when a mother may be unsure if and how to breast feed her infant. In these special conditions, what should a doctor advise
Consolidated guidelines on
the Use of Antiretroviral
Drugs for Treating and
Preventing HIV Infection
Summary of key features and recommendations
JUNE 2013
This lecture describes the approach to screening, diagnosis and management of HIV and TB infection among pregnant patients. Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV infection mainly based on the Philippine Obstetrical and Gynecological Society Clinical Practice Recommendations.
*I hope its help you all for preparation part 1 exam for MRCOG & MOG and your daily job.Good Luck May ALLAH bless our work and study,Good luck to all.dont forget to pray to ALLAH.if i wrong please correct me..process of learning..
Based on the current NACO guidelines for prevention of parent to child transmission of HIV in India. Also describes the medication, testing and followup of children born to HIV positive mothers.
This lecture describes the approach to screening, diagnosis and management of HIV and TB infection among pregnant patients. Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV infection mainly based on the Philippine Obstetrical and Gynecological Society Clinical Practice Recommendations.
*I hope its help you all for preparation part 1 exam for MRCOG & MOG and your daily job.Good Luck May ALLAH bless our work and study,Good luck to all.dont forget to pray to ALLAH.if i wrong please correct me..process of learning..
Based on the current NACO guidelines for prevention of parent to child transmission of HIV in India. Also describes the medication, testing and followup of children born to HIV positive mothers.
Immunization of children with cancer is a burning topic. Not only concerned parents but also paediatric oncologists have so many questions and queries regarding this matter. This presentation will try to answer those questions with the help of recent and updated guidelines on immunization of both developed and developing countries.
Infancy is the critical stage of life and forms the base for the overall development of the child. The nutrition plays an important role in deciding the future health of the child and to improve the current health status.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stockrebeccabio
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stock
Telegram: bmksupplier
signal: +85264872720
threema: TUD4A6YC
You can contact me on Telegram or Threema
Communicate promptly and reply
Free of customs clearance, Double Clearance 100% pass delivery to USA, Canada, Spain, Germany, Netherland, Poland, Italy, Sweden, UK, Czech Republic, Australia, Mexico, Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan.Door to door service
Hot Selling Organic intermediates
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
2. Infant and child born to HIV infected woman,
are reliably excluded or confimed with HIV
status and the infant or child is no longer
exposed to HIV through breast feeding.
3. Immediate Care at Birth
Infant feeding
ARV prophylaxis
Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis (CPT)
Immunization and Vitamin A
Supplementation
Growth and Development
Early infant diagnosis
Follow up
4. Follow universal precautions.
Do not milk the cord.
The cord should be clamped soon after birth.
Cover the cord with gloved hand and gauze
before cutting to avoid blood splattering.
Initiate breast feeding within the first hour of
birth in accordance with the preferred and
informed choice of the mother.
5. 1. Either maternal or infant ARV prophylaxis
during the duration of breast feeding.
2. Exclusive breast feeding is the
recommended infant feeding choice in the
first 6 months, irrespective of whether
mother or infant is provided with ARV drugs
for the duration of breastfeeding.
3. MIXED FEEDING SHOULD NOT BE DONE
AT ANY COST WITHIN THE FIRST 6
MONTHS.
6. 4 Only in situations where breastfeeding cannot be
done or on individual parents' informed decision,
then replacement feeding may be considered.
AFASS criteria for Exclusive Replacement Feeding
A- Acceptability
F- Feasibility
A- Affordability- sufficient replacement feeding
S- Safe water & sanitation
S- Sustainability= un-interrupted feeding for atleast
6 months.
7. 5 - Exclusive breastfeeding for at least 6 months-
complementary feeding should be introduced
GRADUALLY, irrespective of infant HIV status by EID.
6 - Mother should be receiving ARV prophylaxis or ART
during the whole duration of breastfeeding. ARV
prophylaxis should continue for one week after the
breastfeeding has fully stopped.
7 - For breastfeeding infants diagnosed HIV negative,
breastfeeding should be continued until 12 months of
age irrespective of whether the mother is on ART or
ARV prophylaxis
8. 8 - After 6 weeks of stopping breast feeds, repeat
EID. Confirmation test for HIV has to be done at
18 months irrespective of the EID status.
9- For breastfeeding infants diagnosed HIV
positive, paediatric ART should be started and
breastfeeding should be continued till 2 years of
age.
10 - Breastfeeding should stop once a nutritionally
adequate and safe diet without breast milk can
be provided.
9. All Infants born to women who are receiving ART /
maternal triple ARV prophylaxis / who present directly-in-
labor and receive intra partum ARV prophylaxis should be
started on daily NVP prophylaxis at birth and continue for
a minimum of 6 weeks, regardless of whether the infant is
exclusively breastfed or receives replacement feeding.
Infants born to women who present directly-in-labor and
receive intra partum ARV prophylaxis, NVP prophylaxis
should not be stopped at 6 weeks of life but continued
until the mother initiated on ART/ARV prophylaxis and
complete a minimum of six weeks of therapy.
10.
11. All HIV-exposed infants should receive CPT from the age of 6
weeks until HIV is reliably excluded.
In all those confirmed to be HIV-infected, it should be
continued till 5 years of age. The recommended dose is 5
mg/kg/day of TMP once daily.
Children with severe adverse reaction (grade 4 reaction) to
Cotrimoxazole or with G6PD deficiency should not be
initiated on CPT. The alternative drug is Dapsone 2 mg/kg
once daily (max. 100 mg/day) orally.
Aerolised pentamidine for children > 5 years administered
via respigard II inhaler in the dose of 300 mg once a month is
another alternative.
12.
13. Dosage: 5mg/kg of TMP/day orally once daily *splitting of tablets into
quarters is not recommended, unless there is no syrup available.
14. Live vaccines should be avoided in all severely immune compromised infants (CD4 %<
25% or WHO stage 3 and 4).
Vitamin A supplementation should be as per the national immunization schedule.
National Immunization schedule is as follows:
15. If the child’s growth curve is falling down, flattening or
faltering, reinforce nutrition and urgent assessment
for nutrition status, HIV related features and screen
for treatable causes e.g. nutritional deficiency &
chronic infections.
For the children on ART with growth flattering or
decline, look for treatment failure.
Delayed development or loss of milestones after
attaining them (Regression of Milestones), may be the
first sign of HIV infection suggesting HIV
encephalopathy
16. Maternal HIV antibody transferred passively during
pregnancy can persist for as long as 18 months in children
born to HIV-infected mothers. Hence, positive HIV antibody
test does not necessarily indicate HIV infection in the
infant/child. In children who are breastfed, since they have
ongoing risk for HIV transmission, HIV infection can only be
excluded after 6 weeks of complete cessation of
breastfeeding.
In the current Early Infant Diagnosis (EID) program,
virological tests i.e. HIV-1 DNA PCR by Dried Blood Spot
(DBS) and on Whole Blood Sample (WBS) are being done for
infants and children below 18 months of age. Antibody tests,
using rapid test method can be used for children > 18 months
of age for diagnosis of HIV infection as in adults.
17. Previous algorithm A & B have been merged.
Confirmatory whole blood test has been
replaced by a confirmatory second dry blood
spot (DBS) test. First DBS has to be done in
regional reference lab on being HIV-1 reactive
second DBS has to be sampled at ICTC.
All the exposed children included in EID
algorithm irrespective of HIV status as per
molecular test has to be confirmed at 18
months as per national algorithm.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22. first follow up visit should be at 2 weeks of
age for babies on ARV prophylaxis to look for
any adverse reaction to NVP.
Rest follow up visit at the ICTC centre are as
per following table.
23.
24. Appropriate counselling would include-
counseling on PPTCT, ARV prophylaxis,
infant feeding,
nutrition,
EID,
CPT initiation,
vaccination,
opportunistic infections,
ART therapy and adherence